Black site

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Concept.png Black site 
(Research,  Military-industrial-congressional complex,  third rail topic)Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
CIa BS.JPG
Start1970?
Founder(s)SDS,  Terrorists,  Enemy Images
Interest of• George W. Bush
• CIA
• European Court of Human Rights
• John L. Helgerson
• Dick Marty
Black sites are places where a black project or covert operation is executed, organized, or held. Locations can vary from an air force or other military base, plain library, a secret embassy wing to even a jet-plane itself. Some black sites do become known to the general public, although often as a modified limited hangout.

Black sites are locations at which a secret covert operation (or black ops) or black project is conducted.[1] They are often funded by a black budget. Although the definition is better known for centuries as "secret prisons", militarization all over the world in the 1900s and intelligence agencies have begun utilizing black sites for a now wider array of projects that are either unacknowledged or not supposed to be revealed by governments in any way. During the 2000s the CIA became synchronously named with this term as dozens of reports revealed the CIA to be utilizing an extremely large network with over 50 countries involved.[2][3]


Official narrative

"There are no secret prisons[4]", "The state is on your side", or like in China (where the massive internment camps for Uighur Muslims in the Xinjiang-province were successfully kept secret for an average of 10 years) "It's just re-education".[5] Although with the rise of the internet, when several secret prisons do become known to the public, the governments of the world and their standard responses since Ancient Rome have been something similar to "No, not here, this country doesn't do that" up to "nobody will be prosecuted, it wasn't that bad". Since the 2010s, the UN has condemned the massive collaboration of countries of all continents participating in these sort of programs, specifically highlighting the legal status of people transferred and operating at these prisons or bases.[6]

An incomplete map of participating countries in the biggest known program. Although the case was reported dozens of times by corporate media, this incomplete map has a rather interesting source (George Soros his Open Society Foundations), hinting a modified limited hangout?

“The US does not torture. I have not authorized it and I will not”
George W. Bush (2005)  [7]


Secret Prisons

Full article: Prison#Secret_Prisons
- An early history regarding the cold war and pre-cold war black sites are available on this page.

Although separate areas in a prison - where one would be separated from others in secret - have been a staple of governments for centuries, during the 1900s and the globalisation that occurred in it, many prisons "adapted" to a hardened society, and started taking more liberties in violating prisoners their rights. Early examples of prisons that violated those rights and therefore were being placed strategically out of the public eye pale in comparison with the same concept decades years later in the 2000s. Starting with the war on drugs around Nixon's administration - which later was joined by the war on terror around 1979 - the highly specialized methods of intelligence agencies utilizing these sites have evolved the term secret prisons into the more specialized term of "black sites".


Australia

Full article: Australia/1975 coup d'état

Pine Gap [8] is the commonly used name for a US satellite surveillance base in the Northern Territory, operated by Australia and the United States.[9] The station is run by CIA, NSA & the National Underwater Reconnaissance Office and is a vital part of the ECHELON-Program.

Chile

Amnesty International, the US Senate and the Chilean Truth and Reconciliation Commission[10] described the Esmeralda BE-43 ship as a "floating prison" for political prisoners of the Augusto Pinochet-administration from 1973 to 1980. with at least over hundred individuals held without trial and tortured, including foreign nationals. It was known as the "torture centre" among political dissidents. To this day, the ship is used by the Chilean Navy and met with dozens of protests by Chilean exiles every time it comes to shore in foreign waters.[11]


If the American people thought the leader of the corrupt officers of the Los Angeles Rampart-division now working for Harvey Weinstein[12] was bad enough of corruption to hear, wait until the people realize the government treats them the same nowadays as those "terrorists", right in the remote scary place of terrorist packed, torture-needing hell of....Chicago?


Vietnam

Full article: Vietnam War

The setting up of an NSA mass surveillance center there (according to Edward Snowden[13]) and a chemical weapons facility remains a silent matter.[14][15][16][17].


Europe

The Kosovo War for example included many "ad hoc" prison camps where spontaneous rape[18], murder[19], and genocide took place, with many of the victims murdered and buried and the perpetrators never been found.[20].


Asia

In the 2010s, corporate media has begun focusing on China after the Chinese decided to ramp up mass incarnation centers after the 2014 Kunming attack. North Korea was also under the scope of the US and noted by Barack Obama to be the first thing he confessed to Donald Trump[21] to be addressed as it kept him up at night that he was preparing to bomb Pyongyang. Commercially-controlled media noticed China and North Korea had the unique advantage of "assassinating[22] or eliminating" all US spooks working there, seemingly paving the way for a new Cold War 2.0.[23] Both countries are rumoured and were heavily reported with detailed satellite[24][25] images guided by corporate media pundits in the beginning of the 2020s to be running black sites for all kinds of purposes if not reclaiming land, building underground military bases or just raping and murdering activists, being called "modern concentration camps".[26][27]


CIA Continental Program

Full article: CIA/Torture
This PBS Frontline article is highly recommended: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/how-the-cia-tortured-its-detainees/.

Like with many illegal intra governmental activities (see CIA/Black budget), the CIA began to emerge as a new trendsetter and black site kingpin during the 2000s.[28] The groundwork was set in the 1990s as the CIA was granted permission to use an extraordinary rendition of indicted terrorists to American soil in a 1995 presidential directive signed by President Bill Clinton, following a procedure established by George H. W. Bush in January 1993.[29][30] The Washington Post was the first to report on "secret prisons" being run in "metal containers" in Bagram Air Force base, Afghanistan.[31] Patrick Leahy and John Conyers, John D. Rockefeller IV, wrote to attorney general Peter D. Keisler, requesting all info on interrogation since 2004. Bush kept denying the program to included anything else than "U.S. law and our international obligations."[32]

CIA's Drug & Pedophile link?

Full article: Rated 3/5 Willem Matser
Full article: Ioan Talpes

Interestingly enough the CIA's Romanian Black Site program - was facilitated by former Romanian Foreign Intelligence Service director Ioan Talpes when Talpes was the presidential advisor of Ion Iliescu. Talpes introduced MiVD officer and NATO Secretary-General Lord Robertson's policy expert Jan Willem Matser to Ovidiu Tender in 2002. Matser sought a controlling 51% share (at a cost of approximately US$ 1 billion) of PETROM National Society (SNP), a Romanian oil-company, which produced 10% of the Romanian GDP., together with Tender SA and Dick Cheney's Halliburton, apparently according to French analysts in which a French investigation that questioned the sudden support from Eastern Europe for the war on terror caused French President Jacques Chirac to become furious, "because the country was hijacked by CIA-agents for support in the War in Iraq"[33] A few days after the announcement of this trio’s interest, Matser was arrested and charged with having worked out an illegal financial arrangement designed to bring $200 million to Romania from Colombia along with a massive drug network after finding "packages" at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport utilizing NATO documents and legal procedures for fraud. Matser was sentenced to 14 months in prison but was ordered released because he has already served two-thirds of the sentence in pretrial detention. He was given three years' probation.

Romanian Secret Service connected a continental paedophile network, with the US lobbyists involved, but that investigation was met with a cover up after convicting one person, who remained silent on the matter.[34][35] One US official - a known historian and close friend of Ioan Talpes - working in Romania, abused at least two girls aged 10 and 13 in the house of the Romanian intelligence service.[36]

Cooperation

During the 2000s several reports began to appear, with independent media and corporate media connecting more locations throughout the world with the CIA's official Extraordinary Rendition and Detention Program. The Washington Post has met criticism regarding the publications of yet another article reporting but revealed Dana Priest modifying the article to a limited hangout as she agreed not to reveal the European countries participating in the program.[37]

Europe

The February 26 - March 4, 2005, edition of Ireland's Village magazine, featured an article titled "Abductions via Shannon" which revealed Dublin and Shannon airports in Ireland were "used by the CIA to abduct suspects in its war on terror". naming a Boeing 737 (registration number N313P, later re-registered N4476S) utilizing the airports on at least 81 occasions.[38] According to the article, the same aircraft landed in Guantanamo Bay on September 23, 2003.

When Human Right's Watch and the International Committee of the Red Cross jumped on the stories which caused some publications in media and they began publicly requesting access to individuals being abducted, EU Justice Commissioner Franco Frattini announced in November 2005 that any country found to be complicit could lose their right to vote in the council.[39]. The New Yorker released an article confirming the allegations of extreme torture to be correct, naming them a new variant of the Phoenix Program, with these mostly Arab and Muslim individuals to be subjected by CIA officers to be keeping prisoners naked indefinitely and photographing them naked to degrade and humiliate them, and forcibly administering drugs by suppositories, even killing multiple children abducted from the streets that died of things like hypothermia, with the techniques being called "retired and brought back to be perfected Cold War-methods" comparing them to the Copper Green-black project, with the CIA officers involved to "have taken out professional liability insurance, fearing that they could be criminally prosecuted if what they have already done became public knowledge[40]".

Dozens of local magazines began to report sightings of CIA aircraft as well. In 2005 Spanish paper El País[41] reported that CIA planes had landed in the Canary Islands and in Palma de Mallorca, in 2006 French paper Le Figaro reported a prosecutor investigated two CIA planes that had landed in France [42], In 2007, Portuguese general prosecutor Cândida Almeida, head of the Central Investigation and Penal Action Department (DCIAP), announced an investigation of "torture or inhuman and cruel treatment", prompted by allegations of "illegal activities and serious human rights violations" made by MEP Ana Gomes to the attorney general, with Visão magazine journalist Rui Costa Pinto (who had an article pulled by his employer even after writing an book about it) testifying before the DCIAP about flights passing through Lajes Field airbase, revealing at least 150 instances of CIA planes using Portugal. [43][44][45][46]

Swiss newspaper Sonntagsblick published fax intercepted sent by the Egyptian embassy in London to the government of Egypt stating that 23 Iraqi and Afghan citizens were interrogated at Mihail Kogălniceanu base near Constanța, Romania, with the same document acknowledging similar black sites existent in Bulgaria, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Ukraine. The Swiss government denied the document to be accurate but nonetheless started a lawsuit for leakage of classified documents against Sonntagsblick in 2006.

In 2012, Poland's Prosecutor General's office initiated investigative proceedings against Zbigniew Siemiątkowski, the former Polish intelligence chief, charging him with facilitating operations illegal on the order of the CIA.[47] In 2017, Nature revealed the Dutch government to have facilitated CIA planes on 4 separate airports.[48]

Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Hungary, Latvia, Bulgaria, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, Romania, Czechia, Cyprus & Island were reported to also be part of the CIA's Post 9-11 Black site rendition program.[49] Some rendition aircraft ended in countries without an alleged black site, raising questions if there are black sites not uncovered.


Asia

Countries named in reports have included, Thailand (it was named as a station of CIA/Director Gina Haspel[50]), Afghanistan[51][52] (where all parties have been accused of running black sites, with the US army handing out a memo ordering soldiers to stay silent about the Taliban raping[53] little boys whom the soldiers would hear crying from their base) and Yemen (where some just vanish if not raped before that[54]). Donald Trump's administration started in 2018 with the US-China trade war. Hong Kong, Indonesia, Jordan, Uzbekistan and Kuwait were also named.


Africa

Morocco, Somalia[55], Libya[56],Egypt & Djibouti[57] were named as new popular destinations in 2008 at the end of the Bush administration for running black sites.[58] Mauritania, South Africa & others were also included.


New Methods

An article by the BBC in 2007 revealed the CIA also utilized jet airplanes of front companies resembling mafia movies, with the knowledge of airport-security on multiple European airports, naming at least 5 jet-planes. the US used 17 ships as mobile black sites with one ship reported to at least housed 100 prisoners, giving an eerie throwback to slavery and the imperialism of the 1700s.[59] Thailand was also accused of using relay stations[60] as black sites.

“They always followed the same procedure. We were always told to keep away. The planes would stay at the end of the runway, often with their engines running. A couple of military vans from the nearby intelligence base would go up to them, stay a while and then drive off, out of the airport. "I saw several of these flights but never saw inside the vans because they had tinted windows and they never stopped at the terminal building”
Mariola Przewlocka (2006)  [61]


Cover Up

EU

Although dozens of credible reports revealed some network to be existent in Europe as well, the EU Committee on Legal Affairs said in 2006 that "At this stage of the investigations, there is no formal, irrefutable evidence of the existence of secret CIA detention centres in Romania, Poland or any other country. Nevertheless, there are many indications from various sources which must be considered reliable, justifying the continuation of the analytical and investigative work".

A report from the Council of Europe estimated 100 people had been kidnapped by the CIA on EU territory (with the cooperation of Council of Europe members), and rendered to other countries, often after having transited through secret detention centres ( called "black sites") used by the CIA, many European countries have denied every taking part in the program. According to a follow-up in a separate report by the European Parliament report in 2007, the CIA had already made 1,245 flights, naming the activities the black sites participated in was against the United Nations Conventions on Torture.[62]

The European Parliament's report, adopted and passed with 53% of the EU MPs in 2007, concluded Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom tolerated illegal actions of the CIA including secret flights over their territories and noted the continental unanimous act of not cooperating with the investigation, with multiple MPs remarking government had to be aware of such a widespread program, calling for the program itself to be ended as it was fundamentally wrong to begin with. The IGOs of judiciary capital The Hague stayed silent on prosecuting members as they were busy with Bosnia.[63] To date the only report the whole EU has agreed on.[64][65]

“The European Parliament denounces the lack of co-operation of many member states and of the Council of the European Union with the investigation; Regrets that European countries have been relinquishing control over their airspace and airports by turning a blind eye or admitting flights operated by the CIA which, on some occasions, were being used for illegal transportation of detainees; Calls for the closure of [the US military detention mission in] Guantanamo and for European countries immediately to seek the return of their citizens and residents who are being held illegally by the US authorities; Considers that all European countries should initiate independent investigations into all stopovers by civilian aircraft [hired by] the CIA; Urges that a ban or system of inspections be introduced for all CIA-operated aircraft known to have been involved in extraordinary rendition”
European Parliament (2006)  [66]

Lawsuits

In 2014, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Poland violated the European Convention on Human Rights regarding Abu Zubaydah and Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri in 2002 and 2003. The court rewarded both men cumulatively €230.000.[67] In 2018, the ECHR ruled that Romania and Lithuania also violated the human rights of Abu Zubaydah and Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri up to 2006 and rewarded them the same amount of compensation.[68]


US

In 2007, The Washington Post reported that "members of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence had requested the withdrawal of the nomination of John A. Rizzo (a popular CIA lawyer) for the position of general counsel, due to concerns about his support for Bush administration legal doctrines permitting "enhanced interrogation of terrorism detainees in CIA custody".[69] On December 6, 2007, the CIA admitted that it had destroyed videotapes recordings of CIA interrogations of terrorism suspects involving harsh interrogation techniques, tapes which critics suggest may have documented the use of torture by the CIA, such as waterboarding. The tapes were made in 2002 as part of a secret detention and interrogation program, and were destroyed in November 2005. The reason? According to the CIA "the tapes posed a security risk for the interrogators shown on the tapes", but "had no more intelligence value and were not relevant to any inquiries".[70]

Robert Deitz, Michael Hayden, and Michael Morell started a private investigation according to the New York Times in 2007 on Inspector General of the Central Intelligence Agency General John L. Helgerson who made multiple reports starting from 2004 denouncing the torture. Hayden had succeeded in removing Mary McCarthy (who already had a history not following the goals of the military-industrial complex causing her to clash with Bill Clinton and half of the agency in 1998) completely in 2006 for as "leaking classified information".[71] Dozens of US investigations have disappeared or just halted with no politicians prosecuted[72], unlike Europe. Two medical psychologists were prosecuted in 2020, with the Trump administration even publicly announcing considering the option to re-open a Black site program in 2017.[73][74]


Diego Garcia

Full article: Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
UK Foreign Secretary William Hague was reported by The Guardian pressured by an alliance of former detainees, an abducted military officer from the 2011 Attacks on Libya and NGOs to confess Diego Garcia, an island in the Indian Ocean to be running a MI6 black site.[75].

Diego Garcia is a small island in the Indian Ocean owned by the UK and US, cleaned of natives and operated by the US since 1973 as an ETOPS or Extended Range Twin Engine Operations emergency landing site[76] allowing twin-engine commercial air-planes to make theoretical non-stop flights between city pairs located between Africa, Oceania and East-Asia[77]. A not connected usage as black site may solve another deep event: Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. Diego Garcia, according to Wikileaks is also[78] used as a storage section for UK cluster bombs as a way of avoiding UK parliamentary oversight.

Selective enforment

While the media stimulates the US public to focus on Hollywood, Twitter & Trump, Democracy Now reported in 2018 "A major U.S. military and CIA military contractor has been detaining dozens of migrant children inside a vacant Arizona office building with dark windows, no kitchen, and only a few toilets, according to a new investigation by Reveal from the Center for Investigative Reporting. Reveal learned about what some are calling the “black site” for migrant children after one local resident filmed children in sweatsuits being led into the building. The building was leased in March by MVM, a defence contractor that Reveal reports has received nearly $250 million in contracts to transport immigrant children since 2014[79]."

An former Guantanamo Bay staff sergeant and ex-marine publicly admitted the official narrative to be bullocks.[80]

“They would have had to all three tie their hands and feet together, shove rags down their throats, put a mask over their face, made a noose, hung it from the ceiling on the side of the cellblock, jumped into the noose, and hung themselves simultaneously. In a cellblock where guards are ordered to check on detainees every four minutes. They had a policy that if a detainee is hunger-striking, he cannot be interrogated, I believe the number-one mission in JTF-GTMO (Joint Task Force Guantanamo) at the time was, stop the hunger strikes at all costs. I think you get rid of the people that provoked the hunger strikes and you get rid of the problem. After the deaths, there were no hunger strikes for a long period of time.”
Joseph Hickman (2015)  [61]

End?

President Obama ended the CIA's black site officially in 2009. The BBC noted quite secretive in the last notes of the article that "The counter-terrorist experts insist that there may still be cases where they need to conceal for a time from a suspect's accomplices or family that they have him while they open up a terror network - and Mr Obama has insured that they still can. ".[81]. John Kiriakou, a whistleblower was sentenced to 30 months to prison, for revealing the torture program happening within black sites utilized as a prison that is.

See Also


 

Examples

Page nameDescription
Chagos Archipelago
Fort HoodThe most populous U.S. military installation in the world, the number and particularly the type of crimes reported in and around the facility is suspicious and has the hallmarks of either a black site or quite a chaotic base.
Homan SquareA black site that even after its exposure in February 2015 continued to be used by Chicago police for a range of off-the-books activities.
80 pounds thermometer.png
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References

  1. ↑ https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Black_site
  2. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20130220112418/http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/projects/globalizing-torture
  3. ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2017/01/25/what-are-black-sites-6-key-things-to-know-about-the-cias-secret-prisons-overseas/
  4. ↑ https://pace.coe.int/en/news/5722
  5. ↑ https://jamestown.org/program/evidence-for-chinas-political-re-education-campaign-in-xinjiang/
  6. ↑ http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/docs/AdvanceVersions/CAT.C.USA.CO.2.pdf
  7. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/5321606.stm
  8. ↑ http://www.defence.gov.au/defencemagazine/editions/200708_03/
  9. ↑ https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/backgroundbriefing/the-base-pine-gaps-role-in-us-warfighting/8813604/
  10. ↑ http://www.usip.org/files/resources/collections/truth_commissions/Chile90-Report/Chile90-Report.pdf
  11. ↑ https://www.malkin-71.net/news/uk/this-britain/unwanted-protests-keep-pinochet-s-torture-ship-out-of-britain-95841.html
  12. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h_DjlcX1mh0
  13. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20131102170628/http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/8646-us-embassy-in-yangon-a-secret-listening-post-snowden.html
  14. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/03/opinion/IHT-the-cia-drug-connectionis-as-old-as-the-agency.html
  15. ↑ https://www.amazon.com/Legacy-Ashes-History-Tim-Weiner/dp/0307389006
  16. ↑ http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb423/docs/11.%20special%20weapons.pdf
  17. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/30/us-embassy-cables-burma-myitsone-dam
  18. ↑ https://yuhistorija.com/wars_91_99_txt01c4.html
  19. ↑ https://balkaninsight.com/2020/11/04/homeland-frontline-inside-serbias-prison-camps-for-war-captives/
  20. ↑ https://culturacolectiva.com/photography/secret-bosnian-prison-camp-photos
  21. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/16/us/politics/trump-obama-north-korea.html
  22. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/20/world/asia/china-cia-spies-espionage.html
  23. ↑ https://www.maplecroft.com/insights/analysis/apac-on-the-front-line-of-cold-war-2-0/
  24. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1y0yhV6IT7o
  25. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4K_V9_Sdt2I
  26. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grgQuc4P7EE
  27. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=132PPa_hCxk
  28. ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2005/11/02/cia-holds-terror-suspects-in-secret-prisons/767f0160-cde4-41f2-a691-ba989990039c/
  29. ↑ https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/pdd39.htm
  30. ↑ https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/nsd/index.html
  31. ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2002/12/26/us-decries-abuse-but-defends-interrogations/737a4096-2cf0-40b9-8a9f-7b22099d733d/
  32. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/05/washington/05cnd-torture.html
  33. ↑ https://www.demorgen.be/nieuws/navo-adviseur-werkte-samen-met-topgangsters~b7d80969/
  34. ↑ https://www.nasul.tv/bomba-iohannis-a-numit-director-adjunct-la-sri-un-personaj-implicat-in-afacerea-nato-trafic-de-droguri-din-columbia-misterioasa-femeie-din-afacerea-exploziva-si-nasii-pedofilului-american-din-iasi/
  35. ↑ https://www.activenews.ro/stiri-politic/Numire-controversata.-Sotia-unui-adjunct-SRI-ar-fi-fost-implicata-intr-o-afacere-cu-trafic-de-droguri-din-Columbia-135270
  36. ↑ https://hnn.us/roundup/entries/35929.html
  37. ↑ http://www.nbcnews.com/id/13615446
  38. ↑ https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjns9ms2KXvAhUSG-wKHZ7CAfwQFjAAegQIARAD&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Frendition-aircraft-used-irish-airports-amnesty-1.1034082&usg=AOvVaw1gK1Vq45HMpDcGQYeWpog_
  39. ↑ https://www.voanews.com/archive/eu-warns-consequences-if-cia-prisons-found-member-states
  40. ↑ http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/08/13/070813fa_fact_mayer?currentPage=1
  41. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20060301012114/http://www.elpais.es/articulo/elpepinac/20051116elpepinac_3/Tes/Canarias%20pide%20explicaciones%20sobre%20las%20escalas%20de%20vuelos%20de%20la%20CIA%20en%20Tenerife
  42. ↑ http://www.lefigaro.fr/france/20060302.FIG000000200_la_france_enquete_sur_les_avions_de_la_cia.html
  43. ↑ Visão magazine journalist Rui Costa Pinto also testified before the DCIAP. He had written an article, rejected by the magazine, about flights passing through Lajes Field in the Azores, a Portuguese airbase used by the U.S. Air Force
  44. ↑ http://www.statewatch.org/news/2007/feb/03cia-portugal.htm
  45. ↑ https://www.fnac.pt/Voos-Secretos-CIA-Rui-Costa-Pinto/a251565
  46. ↑ http://www.statewatch.org/news/2006/oct/04portugal-cia-gomes.htm
  47. ↑ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/9169366/Poland-ex-spy-boss-charged-over-alleged-CIA-secret-prison.html
  48. ↑ https://www.nature.com/articles/palcomms201784
  49. ↑ http://news.ft.com/cms/s/d874f262-817d-11da-8b55-0000779e2340.html
  50. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43496212
  51. ↑ http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/afghanistan/saltpit.htm
  52. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/27/world/asia/afghanistan-taliban-prison.html
  53. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/21/world/asia/us-soldiers-told-to-ignore-afghan-allies-abuse-of-boys.html
  54. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jun/20/yemen-sexual-abuse-uae-run-jails-prisoners-allegations
  55. ↑ https://harpers.org/2011/07/the-cias-secret-prison-in-somalia/
  56. ↑ http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/12/13/world/main1121577.shtml
  57. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20060410110010/http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/document.do?id=ENGUSA20060404001
  58. ↑ https://archive.today/20120629224315/http://www2.rnw.nl/rnw/en/currentaffairs/region/internationalorganisations/eur051125?view=Standard
  59. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jun/02/usa.humanrights
  60. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20141110191452/http://atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/JA25Ae01.html
  61. ↑ a b http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6212843.stm
  62. ↑ http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta06/ERES1507.htm
  63. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/29/world/report-rejects-european-denial-of-cia-prisons.html
  64. ↑ https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/536449/IPOL_STU%282015%29536449_EN.pdf
  65. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6360817.stm
  66. ↑ http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&reference=P6-TA-2007-0032&language=EN&ring=A6-2007-0020
  67. ↑ https://www.wsj.com/articles/eu-court-rules-against-poland-in-cia-rendition-case-1406193988
  68. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-44313905
  69. ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/12/AR2007091202353.html
  70. ↑ http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/key-omission-in-memo-to-destroy-cia-terror-tapes/
  71. ↑ https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2006/04/23/fired-cia-analyst-challenged-data-endorsed-by-her-bosses/
  72. ↑ https://www.justiceinitiative.org/newsroom/cia-kidnap-and-rendition-case-in-europe-ends-without-investigation
  73. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/25/us/politics/cia-detainee-prisons.html
  74. ↑ https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/two-cia-contractors-successfully-sued-for-black-site-torture/
  75. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/13/cia-black-site-diego-garcia-uk-role
  76. ↑ https://www.thestar.com.my/Lifestyle/Features/2014/04/04/Where-in-the-world-is-Diego-Garcia/
  77. ↑ https://www.emirates247.com/news/diego-garcia-and-mh370-conspiracy-of-a-lost-island-in-middle-of-it-all-2014-04-06-1.544414
  78. ↑ https://books.google.nl/books?id=Gp55CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA178&lpg=PA178&dq=parliament+diegogarcia+mh370&source=bl&ots=5y1SX-Mx6B&sig=ACfU3U2WK88ORYsVSYqYoafLdGz8W0zRyQ&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjBzbia_KXvAhXJCewKHao3B3kQ6AEwDXoECBAQAw#v=onepage&q=parliament%20diegogarcia%20mh370&f=false
  79. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_yZwApmbJVI
  80. ↑ https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/books-magazines/books/guantanamo-guard-cia-killed-prisoners-and-made-it-look-like-suicide/news-story/f5de6037146516c18c259dab07068f2f
  81. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-14862161
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