1961

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( 1960s: )     1961
Outgoing US President Eisenhower delivered a fateful warning to the US public that "we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military–industrial complex."

1961 began with a warning by outgoing US President General Eisenhower about the danger of the military–industrial complex gaining power over the US democratic process. The assassination of his successor, John F. Kennedy, less than 3 years later, was to dramatically illustrate how prescient were Eisenhower's words, which are at least as relevant today as when he spoke them back in January 1961.

Eisenhower's warning

Outgoing US President General Eisenhower well understood how the desire of Wall Street for profits-at-all-costs represented a threat to the democratic system. On January 17, 1961, his final televised Address to the Nation addressed the rise of the what he famously referred to as "the military–industrial complex". It went more of less unheeded by the commercially-controlled media. The Defense Intelligence Agency was formed in 1961^[Why?], as was Operation 40's Interpen group, intended for assassination Fidel Castro, but which whch played some part in the 1963 assassination of John F. Kennedy.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Full article: Bay of Pigs Invasion

In May 1961, the Bay of Pigs Invasion proved a military disaster for the CIA, due to lack of air cover. In fact, this may not have been accidental. Historians have argued that failure was the planned result, since many of those involved were killed and JFK was blamed for lack of support for the venture. Naturally this angered the Cuban expat community within the CIA. These made up the majority of Operation 40, which was exploited by the deep politicians who organised the JFK assassination.

Arms Race

The Tsar Bomba mushroom cloud seen from a distance of 161 km (100 miles). The crown of the cloud is 56 km (35 miles) high at the time of the picture.

In 1961, the Soviet Union tested a 57 Megaton bomb - equal to 1400 times the bomb dropped on Hiroshima.

Assassination of Patrice Lumumba

Full article: Patrice Lumumba/Murder

A CIA-backed coup in the Congo removed Patrice Lumumba from power. Their expertise in assassinations, gathered abroad, was to be used in USA throughout the [1960s]] so dramatically as to lead to the House Select Committee on Assassinations.

Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs

Full article: Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs

In 1961, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs made a number of drugs effectively illegal worldwide, including cocaine. Drafting of the treaty began in 1948.

 

Related Quotation

Page	Quote	Author	Date
Interpen	“Interpen (Intercontinental Penetration Force) was established in 1961 by Gerry P. Hemming. Other members included Loran Hall, Roy Hargraves, William Seymour, Lawrence Howard, Steve Wilson, Howard K. Davis, Edwin Collins, James Arthur Lewis, Dennis Harber, Bill Dempsey, Dick Whatley, Ramigo Arce, Ronald Augustinovich, Joe Garman, Edmund Kolby, Ralph Schlafter, Manuel Aguilar and Oscar Del Pinto. A recently declassified document says that in 1962, Robert Emmett Johnson was a member of Interpen. Later that year Johnson invited Robert K. Brown (USAR/CounterIntelligence Corps) to a meeting in Miami. Brown was the publisher of Alberto Bayo's 100 Questions for a Guerrilla. This book included an article written by Ulius Amoss called Leaderless Resistance which "referred to the proper strategy for conducting resistance operations against Castro and inside/outside of Cuba". The document also goes onto say: "Also included were numerous fotos of the G/W instructor cadre of InterPen which were taken by Brown at the Everglades training camp." Interpen was also involved in training members of the anti-Castro groups funded by people like Roland Masferrer, Carlos Prio and Santos Trafficante. When the government began to crack down on raids from Florida in 1962, Interpen set up a new training camp in New Orleans. The group carried out a series of raids on Cuba in an attempt to undermine the government of Fidel Castro. These stories were reported by the photo-journalist, Tom Dunkin, for Life Magazine. Roy Hargraves working closely with Felipe Vidal Santiago, carried out a series of raids on Cuba in the 1960s (23 in 1962). This involved a plan to create a war by simulating an attack on Guantanamo Naval Base. In 1963 Hargraves led a team of exiles in a successful raid on Cuba. After capturing two Cuban fishing boats Hargraves took them to the Bahamas. Some members such as William Seymour and Edwin Collins, worked with Bernardo De Torres on non-Interpen operations in 1963. Declassified FBI files show that the agency had an informer within Interpen. His code name was MM T-1. In one document dated 16th June, 1961, it said that MM T-1 had “been connected with Cuban revolutionary activities for the past three years”. One document dated 12th May, 1961, claims that Allen Lushane of Miami “had made a trip to Texas to recruit Americans for some future military action against the Government of Cuba”. The document adds that the “first training camp was established by Gerald Patrick Hemming with Dick Watley and Ed Colby running the camp.” In an interview that he gave to John M. Newman on 6th January, 1995, Hemming claims that the FBI informer was Steve Wilson. Some researchers believe that a combination of Interpen members, CIA agents and anti-Castro Cubans were involved in the assassination of John F. Kennedy. This included James Arthur Lewis, Roy Hargraves, Edwin Collins, Steve Wilson, Gerry P. Hemming, David Morales, Herminio Diaz Garcia, Tony Cuesta, Eugenio Martinez, Virgilio Gonzalez, Felipe Vidal Santiago, Robert Emmett Johnson, Carl E. Jenkins, Chi Chi Quintero and William Robertson.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>”	John Simkin	20 May 2015

 

Events

Event	Start	End	Description
Operation Bootstrap	1930	1970	Between 1930 and 1970, around one third of all women in the US territory of Puerto Rico were sterilized
Tuskegee syphilis experiment	1932	1972	A murderous experiment which looked at the progression of syphilis. Subjects were told that they were being treated, while in fact treatment was denied them. Exposed after 40 years by a whistleblower who went to the press.
Operation Paperclip	8 May 1945	1990	A transfer of top German scientists to USA.
Cold War	1947	26 September 1991	The official narrative had 2 diametrically opposed systems locked in combat with one another since soon after WW2. Each of the "superpowers" and its team of allies needed to outdo each other by creating ever more and deadlier weapons, creating a kind of perpetual war for perpetual peace, with the warring parties engaging mainly in covert/proxy wars. Deep state interests blossomed in the climate of fear and paranoia.
Operation Demagnetize	1948	1980	"The institutional hardening of Gladio", an expansion of Gladio in the late 1940s, early 1950s.
Project AERODYNAMIC	1949	1970	Program to provide funding and equipment for anti-Soviet resistance groups in Ukraine
Lockheed/Bribery scandals	1950	1976	A series of bribes made by officials of the U.S. aerospace company Lockheed from the late 1950s to the 1970s in the process of negotiating the sale of aircraft.
Project Ulysses	1950	1968	Mossad covert operation to infiltrate and subvert the Palestinian political leadership
Operation Midnight Climax	1953	1966	A "free-wheeling illicit criminal" CIA project which filmed the effects of prostitutes dosing up victims with drugs such as LSD.
Project MKUltra	13 April 1953	1973	An illegal mind control research programme, where psychoactive drugs (especially LSD) and other chemicals, electroshocks, hypnosis, sensory deprivation, isolation, verbal and sexual abuse, in addition to other forms of torture were used to gain control of individuals.
Algerian War	1 November 1954	19 March 1962	The Algerian War of Independence
COINTELPRO	1956	1971	Series of covert and illegal projects aimed at subversion of 1960s left wing movements
Vietnam War	December 1956	30 April 1975	The Vietnam War was a proxy war lead by US that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from December 1956 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. Millions of people were killed, mostly Vietnamese. JFK was assassinated soon after declaring his intent to withdraw US troops. The war helped the CIA to refine its methods of illegal drug trafficking, torture and the like.
Operation Snow White	1960	1979	Religious cult breaks into 100s of international government buildings to remove their own names, is not banned.
1960s/Counterculture	1960	1970
Congolese Operation	5 July 1960	25 November 1965
Patrice Lumumba/Assassination	17 January 1961	17 January 1961	A US Deep state backed assassination, ordered by Allen Dulles, which was followed by decades of bloody violence.
JFK/Presidency	20 January 1961	22 November 1963	The JFK administration
Bilderberg/1961	21 April 1961	23 April 1961	The 10th Bilderberg, the first in Canada and the 2nd outside Europe.
Bay of Pigs Invasion	20 May 1961	20 May 1961	A deliberately botched attempt to invade Cuba by the CIA, devised as a way to entrap JFK into full scale military action against Cuba. Unsuccessful, since JFK however refused to be manipulated.
Dag Hammarskjöld/Assassination	18 September 1961	18 September 1961

 

New Groups

Group	Image	Type	Description
Vaduz Institute			A tight-knit circle of conservative politicians, managers and military strategists who continue to meet in Vaduz, Liechtenstein, four times a year.
Interpen			An off the books assassination squad connected to a lot of murders possibly on the orders of the US Deep state.
Atlantic Council		Think tank	Key part of the modern military-industrial congressional complex.
James Cook University		Public	Australian university invested in the climate change agenda, and firing academics if they disagree.
Alpha 66		"Terrorist"
Atlantic Council/Corporate Members			Corporate Members of the Atlantic Council per 2020
Interdoc			An "information and documentation centre" which specialised in research on the European left. Spooky anti-communist group.
Atlantic Institute		Transatlantic	Transatlantic think tank with similar goals to the Trilateral Commission, operational 1961-1988.
Florida Atlantic University		Public	Dismissed Professor James F. Tracy after he was criticised by commercially-controlled media
American Institute for Free Labor Development
University of Dar es Salaam		Public	Main university in Tanzania
US/Senate/Special Committee on Aging			Studies issues related to older Americans, particularly Medicare and Social Security
Amnesty International		NGO	"Effectively, Amnesty International and AIUSA function as tools for the imperialist, colonial and genocidal policies of the United States, Britain, and Israel." Revolving leadership door with US government.
Organisation armée secrète			French terrorist organzation with Gladio ties
OECD		IGO	Dedicate itself to help "democracy" and a "good world economy". Originally started to fund Western Europe in the cold war.
Hudson Institute
Korean Central Intelligence Agency			So dependent on the CIA they didn't bother to change the name.
The Britain-Russia Centre and the British East-West Centre
New Democratic Party (Canada)
DIA		Intelligence agency

 

Groups that were Wound Up

Group	Image	Type	Description
Counterintelligence Corps			U.S. intelligence service active from 1941 to 1961. It became noticeable for recruiting and protecting former German and other Axis operatives; including by operating "ratlines" to South America. Conducted large-scale surveillance in the United States itself.
OEEC		IGO	The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation
Operations Coordinating Board			An informal and secretive committee of the US National Security Council in the 1950s.

 

==Quotations== 

Deaths

Title	Born	Died	Place of death	Cause of death	Summary	Description
Ulius Amoss	1895	1961			Spook
Horace Rowan Gaither	1909	1961		Cancer	Banker Lawyer Deep state functionary	US deep state functionary who headed up the Ford Foundation 1953-56
E. G. Focke	1914	1961				In attendance at the first Bilderberg and two further Bilderbergs
Hans Hirschfeld	1899	1961			Diplomat Economist	Dutch economist/diplomat. Rapporteur in the attendance list of the first Bilderberg.
Patrice Lumumba	2 July 1925	17 January 1961	Élisabethville Katanga		Politician	The first democratically elected Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo, abducted, tortured and murdered. Foreign intelligence service involvement is strongly suspected.
Thomas Anthony Dooley III	17 January 1927	18 January 1961		Cancer	Spook Doctor	Doctor who was CIA operative. Collected intelligence under medical cover. After his death, it was discovered numerous descriptions of atrocities by the Viet Minh in his hugely influential book Deliver Us From Evil had been fabricated.
Oswald Rayner	29 November 1888	6 March 1961	United Kingdom Oxfordshire Botley		Spook
Vicente Leon Leon		April 1961				Died during the failed Bay Of Pigs invasion.
Rafael Trujillo	24 October 1891	30 May 1961	Dominican Republic (now Santo Domingo Ciudad Trujillo		Soldier	President of the Dominican Republic - assassinated with weapons supplied by the CIA
Clinton Golden	16 November 1888	12 June 1961	Pennsylvania Philadelphia		Academic Trade unionist	Anti-communist labor union leader. Double Bilderberger
Ernest Hemingway	21 July 1899	2 July 1961	United States Idaho Ketchum	Gunshot		American author hounded by the FBI
Whittaker Chambers	1 April 1901	9 July 1961	Maryland Westminster		Author Spook Editor
Joseph Ball	1 September 1885	10 July 1961			Spook Politician Lawyer Deep state operative Businessperson	British spook who forged the Zinoviev Letter to bring down the first British Labour Party government in 1924. "Ball also had a keen understanding of the dark arts of political manipulation, a readiness to use all means at his disposal and an ability to keep himself out of the limelight... he knew how to lie and how to keep a secret."
Hanns Seidel	12 October 1901	5 August 1961	Germany Munich		Politician
David Petrie	9 September 1879	7 August 1961	Devon Sidmouth		Spook Police officer	Wartime head of MI6 after just 5 years in the organisation.
Walter Bedell Smith	5 October 1895	9 August 1961	Washington DC		Spook Soldier
Preston Delano	2 April 1886	31 August 1961	Washington DC		Banker Investment counselor Businessperson	Comptroller of the Currency 1938-53, to "charter, regulate, and supervise all national banks".
David Bowes-Lyon	2 May 1902	13 September 1961			Spook	Father-in-law of queen Elizabeth 2. Member of the propaganda unit Political Warfare Executive during World War 2.
Fatin Rüştü Zorlu	20 April 1910	16 September 1961	Turkey Yassıada	Hanging	Diplomat Politician	Turkish diplomat and politician executed after the 1960 Turkish coup d'état, along with two other politicians.
Adnan Menderes	1899	17 September 1961	Turkey İmralı		Politician	Turkish PM for 10 years. In this role he attended 2 Bilderbergs in the 1950s. After trying to balance the United States against the Soviet Union by successfully getting a Soviet loan, he was toppled in the CIA-supported 1960 coup d'état, after which he he was executed.
Dag Hammarskjöld	29 July 1905	18 September 1961	Ndola Rhodesia and Nyasaland		Author Diplomat Economist	The 2nd Secretary-General of the United Nations who died in highly suspicious circumstances while trying to make peace in the Congo.
Oreste Pinto	9 October 1889	18 September 1961	London United Kingdom		Spook
Charles E. Wilson	18 July 1890	26 September 1961	US Louisiana Norwood		Engineer Businessperson
Rubén López Sabariego	11 June 1917	30 September 1961	Guantanamo Province		Bus driver	Cuban bus driver tortured and killed at US naval base Guantanamo
Louis Rwagasore	10 January 1932	13 October 1961		Shooting	Politician	"the Burundian Lumumba", assassinated by the Belgians.
Harry Crookshank	27 May 1893	17 October 1961	London Chelsea			UK MP
Luigi Einaudi	24 March 1874	30 October 1961	Italy Rome Latium 7)		Politician Economist Central banker	President of Italy for 7 years after WW2
Sam Rayburn	6 January 1882	16 November 1961	United States Texas Bonham		Lawyer
Josefa Johnson	1912	25 December 1961		Cerebral hemorrhage	Lyndon Johnson/Body count	Sister of Lyndon B. Johnson, premature death.

 

Births

Title	Born	Place of birth	Died	Summary	Description
Victoria Nuland	1961	United States Louisiana Baker		Diplomat Politician	High ranking member of the federal government. Served in the administrations of Barack Obama and Joe Biden.
Sergei Glazyev	1 January 1961	Ukraine Zaporizhia		Politician	Russian politician, economist and full member of Russian Academy of Science since 2008
Adam LeBor	1961	London UK		Author Journalist	An author with an interest in history and the BIS
Charles Shoebridge	1961			Author Soldier Broadcaster Police officer "Terror expert"
Michael Ratney	1961			Diplomat	US envoy on Syria kicked out for not being friendly to Israel.
Rohan Gunaratna	1961			Academic "Terror expert"
Alexis Papahelas	1961	Greece Athens		Journalist Editor	Greek journalist and editor who has visited 5 Bilderberg meetings.
Scott Malcomson	1961	US California		Author Editor Businessperson	Bilderberger CFR "political-risk and communications consultant"
Philip Lowe	1961	Australia New South Wales		Economist Central banker	Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia
Michael O'Hanlon	1961			Deep state operative	Suspected US deep state operative who co-authored Protecting the American Homeland - A Preliminary Analysis for Brookings
George Gao	1961			Virologist	Chinese virologist and immunologist who participated in the notorious Event 201 and the 2021 Monkeypox Tabletop Exercise
Kiron Skinner	1961			Academic Deep state functionary	Former Director of Policy Planning
Shen Dingli	1961			Academic	Professor of international relations at Fudan University. Post-docorate from Princeton University
Fergus Walsh	1961	UK		Propagandist	BBC News Medical Editor despite having no medical qualifications. Also has huge conflict of interest, as wife is Big Pharma manager.
Aziz Akhannouch	1961	Morocco		Politician Billionaire	New Moroccan Prime Minister
Carlos Del Toro	1961	Cuba Havana		Businessperson	United States Secretary of the Navy under Joe Biden
Harry Ferguson	1961			Whistleblower Spook	A spook who admits that the UK tortured IRA members in Northern Ireland.
Julie Brown	1961
Robert Hersov	1961			Banker Billionaire	Billionaire banker in Epstein's black book. His father attended Le Cercle
Celeste Wallander	1961			Spook Deep state operative	US deep state operative
Ashley Tellis	1961	India Mumbai		Academic	CFR Bilderberg academic specializing in India
Livia Leu	1961	Switzerland Zurich		Diplomat Civil servant	Head of the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs
Eva Andersson-Dubin	1961			Doctor Model	Former Miss Sweden who dated Jeffrey Epstein for 11 years, then married hedge fund billionaire Glenn Dubin. Mentioned in Epstein's Black book, flew the Lolita Express.
Sean Joyce	1961	Massachusetts Brockton		Police officer	Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation 2011-2013
Sharyl Attkisson	1961			Journalist
Hal Harvey	1961	US Colorado Aspen		Billionaire Deep state actor	Cut-out for Rockefeller family and Bill Gates money to capture state policies. Described as "the most powerful Green politician in the world."
Martin Brudermüller	1961	Stuttgart		Businessperson	German Bilderberger businessman, WEF AGM habit, CEO of BASF since 2018. Predicted EU ban on Russian gas imports would destroy the German economy.
Koenraad Debackere	1961	Belgium Ghent		Academic	Belgian academic interested in big data who went to his first Bilderberg in 2023
Nick Cohen	1961			Journalist	Establishment journalist who spoke at Tackling Tools of Malign Influence, an Integrity Initiative sponsored conference
Pamella Bordes	1961			Prostitute
Miko Peled	1961	Israel Jerusalem		Author Activist	Israeli-American peace activist and author. Proponent of Israeli-Palestine single-state.
Olivier Combe	1961	France Reims		Spook Police officer
C. J. Hopkins	1961			Playwright Comedian COVID-19/Dissident	American political satirist based in Berlin. A prominent Covid dissident, he was persecuted by the German judicial system on trumped-up charges.
John Barnett	1961	United States South Carolina Charleston	2024	Whistleblower Engineer	Employee and whistleblower on Boeing found death, ruled a suicide.
Tom-Jan Meeus	1961			Journalist	Dutch journalist for NRC Handelsblad who attended Bilderberg/2024.
Kadri Gürsel	1961	Turkey Istanbul		Journalist	Turkish journalist
Anousheh Karvar	1961			Union organizer	Iranian-born French labor union leader. Chair of Alliance 8.7
Glenn Patterson	1961			Author Playwright
Ron Lloyd	1961			Banker	Canadian Bilderberg bankster
Marilyn Gladu	1961	Canada		Politician	Conservative MP in Canada; member of the shadow cabinet. Advocate of hydroxychloroquine.
Vladimir Potanin	3 January 1961	Russia Moscow		Billionaire Businessperson	Russian businessman. The 10th richest person in the world.
Tim Evans	10 January 1961			Deep state operative	Close to a number of Foundations, World Bank, WHO. Participated in at least two pandemic planning exercises in 2019: Event 201 and A Spreading Plague
Janey Godley	20 January 1961	Scotland		Propagandist Comedian Actor	Scottish Nationalist, paid to promote face masks and lockdowns in a series of ad campaigns.
Dionel M. Aviles	23 January 1961	Texas Bryan		Mariner	United States Under Secretary of the Navy 2004-2009.
Mark Urban	26 January 1961	London United Kingdom Marylebone		Author Spook Soldier Journalist Academic Broadcaster
Frank Baker	27 January 1961			Diplomat	UK diplomat and ambassador
Strive Masiyiwa	29 January 1961			Spook Billionaire	Spooky billionaire who as African Union Special Envoy for Covid-19 response pushed COVID jabs
Nuno Morais Sarmento	31 January 1961	Portugal Lisbon		Politician Lawyer	Attended the 2005 Bilderberg meeting as vice-president of the (liberal-conservative) Social Democratic Party.
Fatou Bensouda	31 January 1961			Diplomat Lawyer	Attended at least 7 Munich Security Conferences as Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court
Salil Shetty	3 February 1961
... further results

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