1948

1938 < 1939 < 1940 < 1941 < 1942 < 1943 < 1944 <1945 < 1946 < 1947 < 1948 > 1949 > 1950 > 1951 > 1952 > 1953 > 1954 > 1955 > 1956 > 1957 > 1958

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( 1940s: )     1948
SS Exodus carrying immigrants to Israel. The boat was targeted by Operation Embarrass.

1948 saw an intensifying of the Cold War, and a commencement of mind control research (Operation Chatter). The CIA became operational in 1958, after being signed in law by Harry Truman the previous year.

Cold War

Full article: Cold War

The RAND Corporation was formed in 1948, a think tank which remains closely affiliated to the Military-industrial complex.

CIA expansion

Full article: CIA

In 1948, directive NSC 10/2 authorised the CIA to carry out covert actions anywhere in the world, specifically including "propaganda; economic warfare; preventive direct action, including sabotage, anti-sabotage, demolition, and evacuation measures; subversion against hostile states, including assistance to underground resistance movements, guerrillas and refugee liberation groups, and support of indigenous anti-Communist elements in threatened countries of the free world." By 1951, according to Walter Bedell Smith, the CIA covert operations had already "far exceeded" this.

 

Events

Event	Date	Description
Tuskegee syphilis experiment	1932 - 1972
Morgenthau Plan	16 September 1944 - 5 May 1955
Operation Paperclip	8 May 1945 - 1990
Guatemala syphilis experiment	1946 - 1953
Project CHATTER	1947 - 1953
Cold War	1947 - 1991
Operation Embarrass	14 February 1947 - 1948
Operation Demagnetize	1948 - 1980

 

New Groups

Group	Image	Date	Type	Description
World Council of Churches
Association of Chief Police Officers		1948 - 2015
American Committee on United Europe		1948 - Present
OEEC		1948 - 1961	Intergovernmental organisation	The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation
Operation Gladio		1948 - Present	Military "Terrorist"	Secret for over 40 years, Gladio is a NATO-backed network of armed soldiers inside the nations of Europe outside effective control of national governments. Ostensibly intended for use only in case of a Soviet invasion, Gladio carried out a string of false flag terror attacks. In 1990, the European parliament asked all member states to launch investigations, but only 5 national governments did so.
People's Bank of China		12 January 1948 - Present	Central bank	The central bank of mainland China
Israel		14 May 1948 - Present	Nation state	Renewing the Memorandum of Understanding in September 2016, whereby the American taxpayer agreed to pay Israel $38 billion over a 10-year period
Israel/Defense Forces		26 May 1948 - Present	Military
Office of Policy Coordination		June 1948 - 1951	Intelligence agency	A forerunner of the CIA, "staffed by reckless adventurers"
Office of Scientific Intelligence		31 December 1948 - 5 August 1963

 

Related Quotation

Page	Quote	Author
Parastate	“The immediate concern of the United States was Europe, where it appeared that the French and Italian communist parties might be elected to power in 1948. From the beginning of the postwar era, Washington looked for assets and proxy armies of its own to combat the threat perceived from the Soviet Union and China. Some of these proxies like the the nationalist Chinese Kuomintang (KMT) troops in Burma or the Mafia's in Italy and Marseilles soon outgrew their US support to become de facto regional players or parastates, exhibiting some but not all of the properties of states in their own right. From 1945-1947, elements in the US army conspired to maintain contacts with former German anti-communists in Europe and their German army commander, General Reinhard Gehlen. 5 men were involved of whom 3 (William J. Donovan, Allen Dulles and Frank Wisner) were representatives of the Wall St. overworld and also of the New York Social Register which listed the members of New York high society. They were awaiting a new agency to succeed Donovan's Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and take over the Nazi's ethnic armies in Eastern Europe. But the idea of a centralised intelligence agency encountered fierce competitive opposition from the FBI's J. Edgar Hoover who was backed at first by elements of Army intelligence. Although it took 2 years to overcome their opponents, the Wall Street lawyers and bankers in Truman's administration succeeded in 1947 in establishing CIA, which would report to the president through the new National Security Council (NSC). This new agency, based on the precedent and personnel of the OSS had been urged on Washington by the War/Peace studies of the Council of Foreign Relations in the early 1940s. It was reinforced by a report commissioned in 1945 by Navy Secretary James V. Forrestal. The report was written by Ferdinand Eberstadt who like Forrestal was a private Wall Street banker from the investment bank, Dylan Reed. As CIA director Richard Helms narrates in his memoirs Allen Dulles, then a Republican lawyer in Sullivan and Cromwell in New York was recruited in 1946 to draft proposals for the shape and direction what was to become the new CIA. in 1947 Dulles promptly formed an advisory group of 6 men, all but one of whom were Wall St investment bankers or lawyers.”	Peter Dale Scott