1948 Hague Congress
The Hague Congress or the Congress of Europe[1] was a conference that was held in The Hague from 7–11 May 1948 with 750 delegates participating from around Europe as well as observers from Canada and the United States of America.[2] Many of the groups organizing the conference received covert funding from the CIA.
Contents
Official narrative
The Congress, organized by Duncan Sandys and Józef Retinger, brought together representatives from across a broad political spectrum, providing them with the opportunity to discuss ideas about the development of European political co-operation. It was held under the auspices of the International Committee of the Movements for European Unity, subsequently to become the European Movement after the Congress.[3]
A broad range of philosophers, journalists, religious leaders, lawyers, professors, entrepreneurs and historians also took an active role in the congress. A call was launched[By whom?] for a political, economic and monetary Union of Europe. This landmark conference was to have a profound influence on the shape of the European Movement, which was created soon afterwards.
Influence
CIA funds
Many of the groups organizing the conference received covert funding from the CIA. The front group the American Committee on United Europe was used for this purpose.[4]
The Bilderberg
- Full article:
Bilderberg
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At least 26 of the attendees were later to attend the Bilderberg: Raymond Aron, Edward Beddington-Behrens, Bernhard von Biesterfeld, Louis Camu, Auguste Cool, Jean Drapier, Edgar Faure, David Maxwell Fyfe, Walter Hallstein, Ole Bjørn Kraft, Thorkil Kristensen, Jean Letourneau, Rudolf Mueller, Henk Oosterhuis, Frans Otten, Paolo Rossi, Denis de Rougement, Jacques Rueff, Paul Rykens, Altiero Spinelli, Jan Tinbergen, Herbert Tingsten, André Voisin, H. F. van Walsem, Jean Willems, Paul van Zeeland
Mont Pelerin Society
At least 8 of the attendees were members of the Mont Pelerin Society: Maurice Allais, Raymond Aron, Constantin von Dietze, Arvid Fredborg, William Rappard, Jacques Rueff, Arthur Salter, Herbert Tingsten
Sponsor
| Event | Description |
|---|---|
| American Committee on United Europe | CIA front organization. Proves European unity movement was a heavily US-driven project. |
Known Participants
61 of the 733 participants already have pages here:
| Participant | Description |
|---|---|
| Konrad Adenauer | German (deep?) politician, CDU leader |
| Maurice Allais | A French physicist and economist who attended the 1948 Hague Congress, in 1988 he won the Nobel Prize in Economics |
| Julian Amery | MI6, deep politician who chaired Le Cercle for several years. |
| Raymond Aron | French sociologist who attended 3 Bilderbergs from 1957 to 1966 |
| Edward Beddington-Behrens | Deputy Chief of the Secret Intelligence Service for a year during WW2. Attended the 1958 Bilderberg. |
| Bernhard von Biesterfeld | Nazi arms dealer. Alleged bodyguard of Hitler, early member of the SS, requested presidency under Hitler during WW2. An early leader of the Dutch Deep State, founded Dutch division of Operation Gladio named Inlichtingen en Operatiën, co-founded Bilderberg as Steering Committee chairman. Started 1001 Club, WWF, Rijkens Club. Linked to Klaas Bruinsma. |
| Erik Blumenfeld | German politician |
| Paul Vanden Boeynants | Prime Minister of Belgium, convicted fraudster and tax evader. |
| Louis Camu | Belgian atlanticist banker and multi-Bilderberger. Proponent of European unification and creating a single European currency. |
| Winston Churchill | UK PM who founded The Other Club with F. E. Smith. |
| Robert Waley Cohen | British industrialist and prominent leader of Anglo-Jewry |
| Auguste Cool | Belgian anti-communist labour leader and suspected deep state operative. |
| Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi | The founder of the first influential movement for a united Europe. |
| Lionel Curtis | Senior UK deep state operative, the first honorary secretary of Chatham House |
| Constantin von Dietze | German agronomist, lawyer, economist and theologian |
| Jean Drapier | Principal Private Secretary to Belgian Prime Minister Paul-Henri Spaak, went to 3 of the first 4 Bilderbergs |
| Anthony Eden | A UK Prime Minister who did not attend the Bilderberg, although his son did. |
| Walter Elliot | A member of The Other Club who attended the 1948 Hague Congress |
| Edgar Faure | Double Bilderberger French PM |
| Peter Fleming | British adventurer, spook,journalist, soldier and travel writer. |
| André François-Poncet | French diplomat |
| Arvid Fredborg | A member of the Mont Pelerin Society who attended the 1948 Hague Congress and founded the Vaduz Institute a dozen or so years later |
| David Maxwell Fyfe | Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, Attorney General for England and Wales, Triple Bilderberg |
| Walter Hallstein | Taken prisoner by the Americans in June 1944, where he was selected for special training as part of "Project Sunflower", a reeducation plan for possible future decision-makers. Became one of the founding fathers of the European Union. Multi-Bilderberg |
| Leslie Hore-Belisha | |
| Ole Bjørn Kraft | A Danish conservative politician whom Józef Retinger consulted when setting up the Bilderberg group. WACL |
| Thorkil Kristensen | First Secretary-General of the OECD. 3 Bilderbergs |
| Jef Last | A Dutch writer and translator, a member of LSV Minerva who attended the 1948 Hague Congress |
| Walter Layton | The Economist/Editor 1922-38, The Economist/Chair 1944-63 |
| Jean Letourneau | French strongly anti-communist politician. Having worked closely with the Americans during the by then lost French military attempt to keep Indochina, he attended the 1956 Bilderberg conference. |
| Ivison Macadam | Milner Group outer circle member, founding president of the NUS |
| Harold Macmillan | UK PM |
| Marjorie Maxse | |
| François Mitterrand | President of the France 1981-1995 |
| Rudolf Mueller | Consulted by Józef Retinger when setting up the Bilderberg group |
| Gilbert Murray | Milner Group outer circle member |
| Arnold Peter Møller | Danish shipping magnate |
| Adriano Olivetti | Italian industrialist possibly murdered by the CIA during a hostile takeover of his revolutionary computer department by General Electric. |
| Henk Oosterhuis | Attended the first Bilderberg as President of the Netherlands Federation of Trade Unions, and also the 1956 Bilderberg |
| Frans Otten | Director of Philips for 22 years. Cercle visitor, possible arms dealer |
| William Rappard | A Swiss academic and diplomat who attended the 1948 Hague Congress |
| Paolo Rossi | President of Antimafia Commission, attended the 1948 Hague Congress, the first Bilderberg and the 1956 Bilderberg |
| Denis de Rougement | Attended the first 4 Bilderbergs. Promoted European federalism |
| Jacques Rueff | Mont Pelerin Society, 1958 and 1959 Bilderberg |
| Bertrand Russell | UK philosopher and pacifist |
| Paul Rykens | Dutch businessman and friend of Józef Retinger who was initially consulted on the founding of the Bilderberg Group |
| Arthur Salter | A British politician who attended the 1948 Hague Congress. A member of the Mont Pelerin Society and The Focus Group |
| Duncan Sandys | UK diplomat, son-in-law of Winston Churchill. Worked with Józef Retinger to create the 1948 Hague Congress. |
| Ignazio Silone | OSS member |
| Altiero Spinelli | Italian politician, referred to as one of the founding fathers of the European Union. |
| ... further results | |
Known Witness
1 of the 40 of the witnesses already have pages here:
| Witness |
|---|
| Salvador de Madariaga |
