1905

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( 1900s: )     1905
The Russian Revolution of 1905. Artistic impression of the mutiny by the crew of the battleship Potemkin against the ship's officers on 14 June.

Russian revolution

The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through the Russian Empire.

Events

• January 1 – The Trans-Siberian Railway officially opens, after its completion on July 21, 1904.
• March 3 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly (the Duma).
• March 4 – Second inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt: Theodore Roosevelt is sworn in for a full term as 26th President of the United States.
• March 13 – Mata Hari introduces her exotic dance act in Paris.
• March 23 – Theriso revolt: About 1,500 men, led by Eleftherios Venizelos, meet at the village of Theriso in Crete to challenge the island's authoritarian government and press for its unification with Greece.
• March 31 – Wilhelm II, German Emperor asserts German equality with France in Morocco, triggering the Tangier or First Moroccan Crisis.
• April 30 – Albert Einstein completes his doctoral dissertation, A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions (submitted July 30 to the University of Zurich).
• June 7 – The Norwegian Parliament declares dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden, giving Norway full independence.
• June 27 – (June 14 O.S.): Mutiny breaks out on the Russian ironclad Potemkin.
• July 22 – Taft–Katsura Secret Agreement: The United States and Japan meet to discuss their respective positions regarding Korea and the Philippines.
• Aug 20 – Sun Yat-sen, Chinese revolutionary, forms the first chapter of T'ung Meng Hui, a union of all secret societies determined to bringing down the Manchu dynasty.
• September 1 – The Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan are established, from the southwestern part of the Northwest Territories.
• September 5 – Russo-Japanese War: Treaty of Portsmouth – In New Hampshire, a treaty mediated by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt is signed by Japan and Russia. Russia cedes the island of Sakhalin together with port and rail rights in Manchuria to Japan.
• October 16 – The Partition of Bengal is made by Lord Curzon to separate the region of Bengal into Muslim and Hindu territories until its reunification in 1911.
• October 26 – Sweden agrees to the repeal of the union with Norway.
• October 16 – The Circum-Baikal Railway is brought into permanent operation, completing through rail communication on the Trans-Siberian Railway.
• October 30– (October 17 Old Style) – October Manifesto: Tsar Nicholas II of Russia is forced to announce the granting of his country's first constitution (the Russian Constitution of 1906), conceding a national assembly (State Duma) with limited powers.
• November 12 – Norway holds a referendum, resulting in popular approval of the Storting's decision to authorise the government to make the offer of the throne of the newly independent country.
• November 17 – The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 ("Eulsa Treaty") effectively makes Korea a protectorate of Japan.
• November 18 – Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway.
• November 28 – Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin in Dublin, as a political party whose goal is independence for all of Ireland.
• November–December – Russian Revolution of 1905: In the Baltic governorates, workers and peasants burn and loot hundreds of Baltic German manors. The Imperial Russian Army thereafter executes and deports thousands of looters.
• December 2 – Norsk Hydro, predecessor of Equinor, a state-run energy product and grid brand in Scandinavia, founded in Norway.
• December 7–18 – Moscow Uprising: A Bolshevik-led revolt is suppressed by the army.
• December 9 – The 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State is passed, enacting laïcité.
• December 30 – A bomb kills Frank Steunenberg, ex-governor of Idaho; the case leads to a trial against leaders of the Western Federation of Miners.

Date unknown

• Alfred Einhorn introduces novocaine.
• Wolves become extinct in Japan.
• Civil service examinations are abolished in Qing dynasty China.
• Ta-Ching Government Bank, predecessor of Bank of China, is founded in Peiping.
• Max Weber publishes The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Die Protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Kapitalismus).