1899
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![]() The banana empire United Fruit Company founded | |
year 1899 |
Events
- January 1 - Spanish rule ends in Cuba, concluding 400 years of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.
- January 6 – Lord Curzon becomes Viceroy of India.
- January 17 – The United States takes possession of Wake Island in the Pacific Ocean.
- January 19 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan is formed (it is disbanded in 1956).
- January 21 – Opel Motors opens for business in Germany.
- January 22 – The leaders of six Australian colonies meet in Melbourne, to discuss the confederation of Australia as a whole.
- January 23 Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in, as President of the First Philippine Republic.
- February 2 – The participants in the Australian Premiers' Conference, held in Melbourne, agree that Australia's capital (Canberra) should be located between Sydney and Melbourne.
- February 4 - The Philippine–American War begins as hostilities break out in Manila.
- February 6 – Spanish–American War: A peace treaty between the United States and Spain is ratified by the United States Senate.
- February 12–14 – Great Blizzard of 1899: Freezing temperatures and snow extend well south into North America, including southern Florida; it is the latest in a series of disasters to Florida's citrus industry.
- February 14 – Voting machines are approved by the U.S. Congress, for use in federal elections.
- February 15 – The February Manifesto is issued by the Emperor of Russia, decreeing that a veto by the Diet of Finland may be overruled in legislative matters concerning the interest of all Russia, including autonomous Finland. The manifesto is viewed as unconstitutional and a coup d'état by many Finns, who have come to consider their country a separate constitutional state in its own right, in union with the Russian Empire. Furthermore, the manifesto also fails to elaborate the criteria that a law has to meet in order to be considered to concern Russian imperial interests, and not an internal affair of Finland (affairs over which the Diet's authority is supposed have remained unaltered), leaving it to be decided by the autocratic Emperor. This results in Finnish fears that the Diet of Finland may be overruled arbitrarily.
- March 6 – German chemist Felix Hoffmann patents aspirin, and Bayer registers its name as a trademark.
- March 24 – George Dewey is made Admiral of the U.S. Navy.
- March 27 - Guglielmo Marconi successfully transmits a radio signal across the English Channel.
- April 11 – The Treaty of Paris (1898) between the US and Spain goes into effect; Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam are ceded to the US.
- May 18 – The First Hague Peace Conference is opened in The Hague by Willem de Beaufort, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands.
- June 20 – Right-wing nationalist movement Action Française formed in France
- July 11 – Giovanni Agnelli founds the car company Fiat.
- July 17 NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital.
- July 17 The Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation takes effect, ending extraterritoriality and the unequal status of Japan in foreign commerce.
- July 29 – The first international Peace Conference ends, with the signing of the First Hague Convention.
- August 3 – The John Marshall Law School is founded in Chicago.
- September 13 – Mackinder, Ollier and Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian (5,199 m or 17,057 ft), the highest peak of Mount Kenya.
- September 19 – Alfred Dreyfus is pardoned in France.
- October 11 – The Second Boer War: In South Africa, a war between the United Kingdom and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State erupts.
- October 13 – Second Boer War: The siege of Mafeking begins.
- October 14 – Second Boer War: Kimberley comes under siege by the Boers.
- October 30 – Second Boer War: The Siege of Ladysmith begins.
- November 24 – Mahdist War – Battle of Umm Diwaykarat: A decisive British and Egyptian victory ends the war in the Sudan.
Uncertain Date
The United Fruit Company, an American corporation that traded in tropical fruit (primarily bananas), and which soon maintained a virtual monopoly in certain regions, some of which came to be called banana republics, such as Costa Rica, Honduras, and Guatemala, was founded.
Events
Event |
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Pax Brittanica |
Dreyfus Affair |
New Groups
Group | Image | Type |
---|---|---|
Simmons College | ![]() | Private women's Undergraduate Co-educational Graduate |
Virginia Union University | ![]() | |
Finland/Social Democratic Party | ![]() | |
Fiat | ![]() | |
General Dynamics | ![]() |
Deaths
Title | Born | Died | Place of death | Summary |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wirt Dexter Walker | 1 September 1860 | 24 April 1899 | Lawyer | |
Garret Hobart | 3 June 1844 | 21 November 1899 | New Jersey Paterson | Politician |
Births
Title | Born | Place of birth | Died | Summary | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adnan Menderes | 1899 | Turkey Koçarlı Aydın Vilayet | 17 September 1961 | Politician | Turkish PM for 10 years. In this role he attended 2 Bilderbergs in the 1950s |
René Boël | 1899 | 1990 | Businessperson | ||
Manoel Sarmento Rodrigues | 1899 | Portugal | 1979 | Academic Mariner | |
Ettore Musco | 1899 | Italy Naples | 1990 | Spook | |
Davey Neligan | 1899 | 1983 | Spook Police officer Double agent | First head of the newly formed The Irish Free State Garda Special Branch and a key figure in the | |
William Geary | 1899 | 2004 | An Irish Nationalist and member of the Irish police force who became the victim of intrigues involving the British and Irish intelligence services arising from the Irish civil war. | ||
H. M. Hirschfeld | 1899 | 1961 | Diplomat Economist | Dutch economist/diplomat. Rapporteur in the attendance list of the first Bilderberg. | |
B. H. M. Vlekke | 1899 | 1970 | Academic | In attendance at the first Bilderberg. | |
Norah Briscoe | 1899 | 1996 | Spook | Attempted to supply UK classified information to Nazi Germany | |
Sherman Adams | 8 January 1899 | Vermont Windham County | 27 October 1986 | Governor of New Hampshire and White House Chief of Staff in the 1950s | |
Karl Brandt | 9 January 1899 | Germany Essen | 8 July 1975 | Economist | German/US agricultural economist who attended the 1959 Bilderberg. |
Al Capone | 17 January 1899 | New York United States Brooklyn | 25 January 1947 | Crime boss | Infamous crime boss |
Gotthard von Falkenhausen | 20 January 1899 | 1 November 1982 | Banker | German banker | |
John Bodkin Adams | 21 January 1899 | 4 July 1983 | Doctor Fraudster Serial killer? | ||
Alfred Denning | 23 January 1899 | Hampshire Whitchurch | 5 March 1999 | Lawyer Judge | |
Paul-Henri Spaak | 25 January 1899 | Belgium Schaerbeek | 31 July 1972 | Politician Deep politician | Bilderberger, President of the United Nations General Assembly, Secretary General of NATO. |
Burhan Belge | 1 February 1899 | Turkey Istanbul | 12 January 1967 | Diplomat | Turkish diplomat. First husband of Zsa Zsa Gabor, father of Murat Belge |
Cevdet Sunay | 10 February 1899 | Turkey Çaykara | 22 May 1982 | Soldier Politician | |
Edward Mason | 22 February 1899 | 29 February 1992 | Economist | US economist who attended the 1956, 1963 and 1966 Bilderberg. | |
Alfred Gruenther | 3 March 1899 | Nebraska Platte Center | 30 May 1983 | Attended 2 Bilderbergs in the 1950s as SACEUR | |
Panagiotis Pipinelis | 21 March 1899 | 19 July 1970 | Diplomat Politician | One of a dozen men whom Józef Retinger consulted when setting up the Bilderberg group. Missed the first Bilderberg due to illness, but attended three more. Greek PM. | |
Lavrenty Beria | 29 March 1899 | Russian Empire Merkheuli Kutaisi Governorate | 23 December 1953 | Deep politician | |
Wirt Dexter Walker I | 13 April 1899 | 8 August 1953 | Lawyer | ||
Bertil Ohlin | 23 April 1899 | Sweden Klippan Skåne County | 3 August 1979 | Politician Economist | Swedish economist and politician who attended 3 Bilderbergs up to the 1962 Bilderberg |
Max Steenberghe | 2 May 1899 | Netherlands Leiden | 22 January 1972 | Politician Businessperson | Dutch politician and businessman who attended the first Bilderberg. |
Clifton Wharton | 11 May 1899 | Maryland Baltimore | 25 April 1990 | Diplomat | |
H. Freeman Matthews | 26 May 1899 | Maryland Baltimore | 19 October 1986 | Politician | |
Selim Sarper | 14 June 1899 | Turkey Constantinople | 11 October 1968 | Diplomat Politician | Attended the 1959 Bilderberg in Turkey. Became Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs on the day after the 1960 Turkish coup d'état |
Walter Krivitsky | 28 June 1899 | Austria-Hungary Podwołoczyska | 10 February 1941 | Spook Defector | A spook and defector |
Norman Dodd | 29 June 1899 | 1 January 1987 | |||
Wolfgang zu Putlitz | 16 July 1899 | Germany Laaske | 3 September 1975 | Diplomat Spook | Possibly the most important human-source intelligence Britain received in the prewar period |
Helen Silvermaster | 19 July 1899 | Russian Empire | 22 December 1991 | Spook | |
Ernest Hemingway | 21 July 1899 | US Illinois Oak Park | 2 July 1961 | American author hounded by the FBI | |
Raymond Evershed | 8 August 1899 | Stapenhill Burton upon Trent | 3 October 1966 | Judge Deep state operative | Master of the Rolls, President of the Pilgrims Society |
Lyman Lemnitzer | 29 August 1899 | United States Pennsylvania Honesdale | 12 November 1988 | Soldier | The Chairman of the JCS who approved the now infamous Operation Northwoods, later made NATO's Supreme Allied Commander Europe. |
Leo Strauss | 20 September 1899 | Germany Prussia Kirchhain | 18 October 1973 | Philosopher Neoconservatism | "The father of neoconservatism" |
Marcus Wallenberg Jr | 5 October 1899 | 13 September 1982 | Banker Tennis player Businessperson | ||
Marcus Wallenberg Jr. | 5 October 1899 | Sweden Stockholm | 13 November 1982 | Banker Athlete Deep state operative | Chairman of the Federation of Swedish Industries, Bilderberg Steering committee, 22 Bilderbergs |
Thorkil Kristensen | 9 October 1899 | Denmark Fløjstrup | 26 June 1989 | Politician Academic | First Secretary-General of the OECD. 3 Bilderbergs |
Josiah Wedgwood | 20 October 1899 | 18 May 1968 | Businessperson | ||
Lewis Thompson Preston Sr. | 27 November 1899 | Colorado Springs | 9 February 1937 | Athlete | US establishment, father of Lewis Thompson Preston who went on to be President of the World Bank Group. |
Robert Welch | 1 December 1899 | North Carolina Chowan County | 6 January 1985 | Businessperson | |
John Sparkman | 20 December 1899 | US Alabama Hartselle | 16 November 1985 | Politician |
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