1899

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( 1890s: )     1899
The banana empire United Fruit Company founded
year 1899

Events

• January 1 - Spanish rule ends in Cuba, concluding 400 years of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.
• January 6 – Lord Curzon becomes Viceroy of India.
• January 17 – The United States takes possession of Wake Island in the Pacific Ocean.
• January 19 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan is formed (it is disbanded in 1956).
• January 21 – Opel Motors opens for business in Germany.
• January 22 – The leaders of six Australian colonies meet in Melbourne, to discuss the confederation of Australia as a whole.
• January 23 Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in, as President of the First Philippine Republic.
• February 2 – The participants in the Australian Premiers' Conference, held in Melbourne, agree that Australia's capital (Canberra) should be located between Sydney and Melbourne.
• February 4 - The Philippine–American War begins as hostilities break out in Manila.
• February 6 – Spanish–American War: A peace treaty between the United States and Spain is ratified by the United States Senate.
• February 12–14 – Great Blizzard of 1899: Freezing temperatures and snow extend well south into North America, including southern Florida; it is the latest in a series of disasters to Florida's citrus industry.
• February 14 – Voting machines are approved by the U.S. Congress, for use in federal elections.
• February 15 – The February Manifesto is issued by the Emperor of Russia, decreeing that a veto by the Diet of Finland may be overruled in legislative matters concerning the interest of all Russia, including autonomous Finland. The manifesto is viewed as unconstitutional and a coup d'état by many Finns, who have come to consider their country a separate constitutional state in its own right, in union with the Russian Empire. Furthermore, the manifesto also fails to elaborate the criteria that a law has to meet in order to be considered to concern Russian imperial interests, and not an internal affair of Finland (affairs over which the Diet's authority is supposed have remained unaltered), leaving it to be decided by the autocratic Emperor. This results in Finnish fears that the Diet of Finland may be overruled arbitrarily.
• March 6 – German chemist Felix Hoffmann patents aspirin, and Bayer registers its name as a trademark.
• March 24 – George Dewey is made Admiral of the U.S. Navy.
• March 27 - Guglielmo Marconi successfully transmits a radio signal across the English Channel.
• April 11 – The Treaty of Paris (1898) between the US and Spain goes into effect; Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam are ceded to the US.
• May 18 – The First Hague Peace Conference is opened in The Hague by Willem de Beaufort, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands.
• June 20 – Right-wing nationalist movement Action Française formed in France
• July 11 – Giovanni Agnelli founds the car company Fiat.
• July 17 NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital.
• July 17 The Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation takes effect, ending extraterritoriality and the unequal status of Japan in foreign commerce.
• July 29 – The first international Peace Conference ends, with the signing of the First Hague Convention.
• August 3 – The John Marshall Law School is founded in Chicago.
• September 13 – Mackinder, Ollier and Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian (5,199 m or 17,057 ft), the highest peak of Mount Kenya.
• September 19 – Alfred Dreyfus is pardoned in France.
• October 11 – The Second Boer War: In South Africa, a war between the United Kingdom and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State erupts.
• October 13 – Second Boer War: The siege of Mafeking begins.
• October 14 – Second Boer War: Kimberley comes under siege by the Boers.
• October 30 – Second Boer War: The Siege of Ladysmith begins.
• November 24 – Mahdist War – Battle of Umm Diwaykarat: A decisive British and Egyptian victory ends the war in the Sudan.

Uncertain Date

The United Fruit Company, an American corporation that traded in tropical fruit (primarily bananas), and which soon maintained a virtual monopoly in certain regions, some of which came to be called banana republics, such as Costa Rica, Honduras, and Guatemala, was founded.

 

Events

Event
Pax Brittanica
Dreyfus Affair

 

New Groups

Group	Image	Type
Virginia Union University
Finland/Social Democratic Party
Fiat
Simmons College		Private women's Undergraduate Co-educational Graduate
General Dynamics

 

Deaths

Title	Born	Died	Place of death	Cause of death	Summary	Description
Wirt Dexter Walker	1 September 1860	24 April 1899			Lawyer
Garret Hobart	3 June 1844	21 November 1899	New Jersey Paterson	Heart attack	Politician	US Vice President best known for his death, clearing the way for the ascent of New York Governor Theodore Roosevelt.

 

Births

Title	Born	Place of birth	Died	Summary	Description
Adnan Menderes	1899	Turkey Koçarlı Aydın Vilayet	17 September 1961	Politician	Turkish PM for 10 years. In this role he attended 2 Bilderbergs in the 1950s
René Boël	1899		1990	Businessperson	European League of Economic Cooperation/President for 30 years
Manoel Sarmento Rodrigues	1899	Portugal	1979	Academic Mariner	Mozambique/Governor general 1961-64.
Ettore Musco	1899	Italy Naples	1990	Spook
Davey Neligan	1899		1983	Spook Police officer Double agent	First head of the newly formed The Irish Free State Garda Special Branch and a key figure in the
William Geary	1899		2004		An Irish Nationalist and member of the Irish police force who became the victim of intrigues involving the British and Irish intelligence services arising from the Irish civil war.
H. M. Hirschfeld	1899		1961	Diplomat Economist	Dutch economist/diplomat. Rapporteur in the attendance list of the first Bilderberg.
B. H. M. Vlekke	1899		1970	Academic	In attendance at the first Bilderberg.
Norah Briscoe	1899		1996	Spook	Attempted to supply UK classified information to Nazi Germany
Sherman Adams	8 January 1899	Vermont Windham County	27 October 1986		Governor of New Hampshire and White House Chief of Staff in the 1950s
Karl Brandt	9 January 1899	Germany Essen	8 July 1975	Economist	German/US agricultural economist who attended the 1959 Bilderberg.
Al Capone	17 January 1899	New York Brooklyn U.S.	25 January 1947	Crime boss	Infamous crime boss
Gotthard von Falkenhausen	20 January 1899		1 November 1982	Banker	German banker
John Bodkin Adams	21 January 1899		4 July 1983	Doctor Fraudster Serial killer?
Alfred Denning	23 January 1899	Hampshire Whitchurch	5 March 1999	Lawyer Judge
Paul-Henri Spaak	25 January 1899	Belgium Schaerbeek	31 July 1972	Politician Deep politician	Bilderberger, President of the United Nations General Assembly, Secretary General of NATO.
Burhan Belge	1 February 1899	Turkey Istanbul	12 January 1967	Diplomat	Turkish diplomat. First husband of Zsa Zsa Gabor, father of Murat Belge
Cevdet Sunay	10 February 1899	Turkey Çaykara	22 May 1982	Soldier Politician
Edward Mason	22 February 1899		29 February 1992	Economist	US economist who attended the 1956, 1963 and 1966 Bilderberg.
Max Petitpierre	26 February 1899		25 March 1994	Politician	Swiss politician
Alfred Gruenther	3 March 1899	Nebraska Platte Center	30 May 1983		Attended 2 Bilderbergs in the 1950s as SACEUR
Panagiotis Pipinelis	21 March 1899		19 July 1970	Diplomat Politician	One of a dozen men whom Józef Retinger consulted when setting up the Bilderberg group. Missed the first Bilderberg due to illness, but attended three more. Greek PM.
Lavrenty Beria	29 March 1899	Russian Empire Merkheuli Kutaisi Governorate	23 December 1953	Deep politician
Wirt Dexter Walker I	13 April 1899		8 August 1953	Lawyer
Bertil Ohlin	23 April 1899	Sweden Klippan Skåne County	3 August 1979	Politician Economist	Swedish economist and politician who attended 3 Bilderbergs up to the 1962 Bilderberg
Arthur Wilhelm	1 May 1899	Switzerland Safenwil Aargau	4 February 1962	Economist	Swiss economist who attended the 1960 Bilderberg and 1961 Bilderbergs. Died suddenly in February 1962.
Max Steenberghe	2 May 1899	Netherlands Leiden	22 January 1972	Politician Businessperson	Dutch politician and businessman who attended the first Bilderberg.
Clifton Wharton	11 May 1899	Maryland Baltimore	25 April 1990	Diplomat
H. Freeman Matthews	26 May 1899	Maryland Baltimore	19 October 1986	Politician
Selim Sarper	14 June 1899	Turkey Constantinople	11 October 1968	Diplomat Politician	Attended the 1959 Bilderberg in Turkey. Became Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs on the day after the 1960 Turkish coup d'état
Walter Krivitsky	28 June 1899	Austria-Hungary Podwołoczyska	10 February 1941	Spook Defector	A spook and defector
Norman Dodd	29 June 1899		1 January 1987
Wolfgang zu Putlitz	16 July 1899	Germany Laaske	3 September 1975	Diplomat Spook	Possibly the most important human-source intelligence Britain received in the prewar period
Helen Silvermaster	19 July 1899	Russian Empire	22 December 1991	Spook
Ernest Hemingway	21 July 1899	US Illinois Oak Park	2 July 1961		American author hounded by the FBI
Raymond Evershed	8 August 1899	Stapenhill Burton upon Trent	3 October 1966	Judge Deep state operative	Master of the Rolls, President of the Pilgrims Society
Lyman Lemnitzer	29 August 1899	Pennsylvania Honesdale U.S.	12 November 1988	Soldier	The Chairman of the JCS who approved the now infamous Operation Northwoods, later made NATO's Supreme Allied Commander Europe.
Leo Strauss	20 September 1899	Germany Prussia Kirchhain	18 October 1973	Philosopher Neoconservatism	"The father of neoconservatism"
Marcus Wallenberg Jr	5 October 1899		13 September 1982	Banker Wallenberg family Businessperson
Marcus Wallenberg Jr.	5 October 1899	Sweden Stockholm	13 November 1982	Banker Athlete Deep state operative	Chairman of the Federation of Swedish Industries, Bilderberg Steering committee, 22 Bilderbergs
Thorkil Kristensen	9 October 1899	Denmark Fløjstrup	26 June 1989	Politician Academic	First Secretary-General of the OECD. 3 Bilderbergs
Josiah Wedgwood	20 October 1899		18 May 1968	Businessperson
Lewis Thompson Preston Sr.	27 November 1899	Colorado Springs	9 February 1937	Athlete	US establishment, father of Lewis Thompson Preston who went on to be President of the World Bank Group.
Robert Welch	1 December 1899	North Carolina Chowan County	6 January 1985	Businessperson
John Sparkman	20 December 1899	US Alabama Hartselle	16 November 1985	Politician

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