Difference between revisions of "1899"
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1889 < 1890 < 1891 < 1892 < 1893 < 1894 < 1895 <1896 < 1897 < 1898 < 1899 > 1900 > 1901 > 1902 > 1903 > 1904 > 1905 > 1906 > 1907 > 1908 > 1909
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| + | == Events == | ||
| + | * [[January 1]] - Spanish rule ends in [[Cuba]], concluding 400 years of the [[Spanish Empire]] in the Americas. | ||
| + | * [[January 6]] – [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]] becomes [[Viceroy of India]]. | ||
| + | * [[January 17]] – The United States takes possession of [[Wake Island]] in the Pacific Ocean. | ||
| + | * [[January 19]] – The [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]] is formed (it is disbanded in [[1956]]). | ||
| + | * [[January 21]] – [[Opel]] Motors opens for business in Germany. | ||
| + | * [[January 22]] – The leaders of six Australian colonies meet in [[Melbourne]], to discuss the confederation of Australia as a whole. | ||
| + | * [[January 23]] [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] is sworn in, as President of the [[First Philippine Republic]]. | ||
| + | * [[February 2]] – The participants in the Australian Premiers' Conference, held in [[Melbourne]], agree that Australia's capital ([[Canberra]]) should be located between Sydney and Melbourne. | ||
| + | * [[February 4]] - The [[Philippine–American War]] begins as hostilities break out in Manila. | ||
| + | * [[February 6]] – [[Spanish–American War]]: A peace treaty between the United States and Spain is ratified by the [[United States Senate]]. | ||
| + | * [[February 12]]–[[February 14|14]] – [[Great Blizzard of 1899]]: Freezing temperatures and [[snow]] extend well south into North America, including southern [[Florida]]; it is the latest in a series of disasters to Florida's [[citrus]] industry. | ||
| + | * [[February 14]] – [[Voting machine]]s are approved by the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]], for use in federal [[election]]s. | ||
| + | * [[February 15]] – The [[Russification of Finland|February Manifesto]] is issued by the [[Nicholas II of Russia|Emperor of Russia]], decreeing that a veto by the [[Diet of Finland]] may be overruled in legislative matters concerning the interest of all Russia, including [[Grand Principality of Finland|autonomous Finland]]. The manifesto is viewed as unconstitutional and a coup d'état by many Finns, who have come to consider their country a separate constitutional state in its own right, in union with the Russian Empire. Furthermore, the manifesto also fails to elaborate the criteria that a law has to meet in order to be considered to concern Russian imperial interests, and not an internal affair of Finland (affairs over which the Diet's authority is supposed have remained unaltered), leaving it to be decided by the autocratic Emperor. This results in Finnish fears that the Diet of Finland may be overruled arbitrarily. | ||
| + | * [[March 6]] – German chemist [[Felix Hoffmann]] patents [[aspirin]], and [[Bayer]] registers its name as a trademark. | ||
| + | * [[March 24]] – [[George Dewey]] is made [[Admiral of the Navy (United States)|Admiral of the U.S. Navy]]. | ||
| + | * [[March 27]] - [[Guglielmo Marconi]] successfully transmits a radio signal across the [[English Channel]]. | ||
| + | * [[April 11]] – The [[Treaty of Paris (1898)]] between the US and Spain goes into effect; Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam are ceded to the US. | ||
| + | * [[May 18]] – The [[First Hague Peace Conference]] is opened in [[The Hague]] by Willem de Beaufort, [[Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands]]. | ||
| + | * [[June 20]] – Right-wing nationalist movement ''[[Action Française]]'' formed in France | ||
| + | *[[July 11]] – [[Giovanni Agnelli]] founds the car company [[Fiat Automobiles|Fiat]]. | ||
| + | *[[July 17]] [[NEC Corporation]] is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital. | ||
| + | *[[July 17]] The [[Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation]] takes effect, ending [[extraterritoriality]] and the unequal status of Japan in foreign commerce. | ||
| + | * [[July 29]] – The first international Peace Conference ends, with the signing of the [[First Hague Convention]]. | ||
| + | * [[August 3]] – The [[John Marshall Law School (Chicago)|John Marshall Law School]] is founded in Chicago. | ||
| + | * [[September 13]] – [[Halford Mackinder|Mackinder]], Ollier and Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian ({{convert|5,199|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=or}}), the highest peak of [[Mount Kenya]]. | ||
| + | * [[September 19]] – [[Alfred Dreyfus]] is pardoned in France. | ||
| + | * [[October 11]] – The [[Second Boer War]]: In South Africa, a war between the United Kingdom and the [[Boer]]s of the [[South African Republic|Transvaal]] and [[Orange Free State]] erupts. | ||
| + | * [[October 13]] – [[Second Boer War]]: The [[siege of Mafeking]] begins. | ||
| + | * [[October 14]] – Second Boer War: [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]] comes under [[Siege of Kimberley|siege]] by the [[Boer]]s. | ||
| + | * [[October 30]] – [[Second Boer War]]: The [[Siege of Ladysmith]] begins. | ||
| + | * [[November 24]] – [[Mahdist War]] – [[Battle of Umm Diwaykarat]]: A decisive British and [[Egypt]]ian victory ends the war in the [[Sudan]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Uncertain Date=== | ||
| + | The [[United Fruit Company]], an American corporation that traded in tropical fruit (primarily bananas), and which soon maintained a virtual monopoly in certain regions, some of which came to be called banana republics, such as [[Costa]] Rica, [[Honduras]], and [[Guatemala]], was founded. | ||
| + | |||
{{SMWDocs}} | {{SMWDocs}} | ||
| − | {{ | + | ==References== |
| + | {{reflist}} | ||
Latest revision as of 11:09, 2 March 2021
 ( 1890s: )  1899    | |
|---|---|
 The banana empire United Fruit Company founded | |
| year 1899 |
Contents
Events
- January 1 - Spanish rule ends in Cuba, concluding 400 years of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.
- January 6 – Lord Curzon becomes Viceroy of India.
- January 17 – The United States takes possession of Wake Island in the Pacific Ocean.
- January 19 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan is formed (it is disbanded in 1956).
- January 21 – Opel Motors opens for business in Germany.
- January 22 – The leaders of six Australian colonies meet in Melbourne, to discuss the confederation of Australia as a whole.
- January 23 Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in, as President of the First Philippine Republic.
- February 2 – The participants in the Australian Premiers' Conference, held in Melbourne, agree that Australia's capital (Canberra) should be located between Sydney and Melbourne.
- February 4 - The Philippine–American War begins as hostilities break out in Manila.
- February 6 – Spanish–American War: A peace treaty between the United States and Spain is ratified by the United States Senate.
- February 12–14 – Great Blizzard of 1899: Freezing temperatures and snow extend well south into North America, including southern Florida; it is the latest in a series of disasters to Florida's citrus industry.
- February 14 – Voting machines are approved by the U.S. Congress, for use in federal elections.
- February 15 – The February Manifesto is issued by the Emperor of Russia, decreeing that a veto by the Diet of Finland may be overruled in legislative matters concerning the interest of all Russia, including autonomous Finland. The manifesto is viewed as unconstitutional and a coup d'état by many Finns, who have come to consider their country a separate constitutional state in its own right, in union with the Russian Empire. Furthermore, the manifesto also fails to elaborate the criteria that a law has to meet in order to be considered to concern Russian imperial interests, and not an internal affair of Finland (affairs over which the Diet's authority is supposed have remained unaltered), leaving it to be decided by the autocratic Emperor. This results in Finnish fears that the Diet of Finland may be overruled arbitrarily.
- March 6 – German chemist Felix Hoffmann patents aspirin, and Bayer registers its name as a trademark.
- March 24 – George Dewey is made Admiral of the U.S. Navy.
- March 27 - Guglielmo Marconi successfully transmits a radio signal across the English Channel.
- April 11 – The Treaty of Paris (1898) between the US and Spain goes into effect; Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam are ceded to the US.
- May 18 – The First Hague Peace Conference is opened in The Hague by Willem de Beaufort, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands.
- June 20 – Right-wing nationalist movement Action Française formed in France
- July 11 – Giovanni Agnelli founds the car company Fiat.
- July 17 NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital.
- July 17 The Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation takes effect, ending extraterritoriality and the unequal status of Japan in foreign commerce.
- July 29 – The first international Peace Conference ends, with the signing of the First Hague Convention.
- August 3 – The John Marshall Law School is founded in Chicago.
- September 13 – Mackinder, Ollier and Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian (5,199 m or 17,057 ft), the highest peak of Mount Kenya.
- September 19 – Alfred Dreyfus is pardoned in France.
- October 11 – The Second Boer War: In South Africa, a war between the United Kingdom and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State erupts.
- October 13 – Second Boer War: The siege of Mafeking begins.
- October 14 – Second Boer War: Kimberley comes under siege by the Boers.
- October 30 – Second Boer War: The Siege of Ladysmith begins.
- November 24 – Mahdist War – Battle of Umm Diwaykarat: A decisive British and Egyptian victory ends the war in the Sudan.
Uncertain Date
The United Fruit Company, an American corporation that traded in tropical fruit (primarily bananas), and which soon maintained a virtual monopoly in certain regions, some of which came to be called banana republics, such as Costa Rica, Honduras, and Guatemala, was founded.
Events
| Event | Start | End |
|---|---|---|
| Pax Brittanica | 1815 | 1915 |
| Victorian era | 1840 | 1901 |
| Dreyfus Affair | November 1894 | 1906 |
New Groups
| Group | Image | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| University of Wolverhampton |  | Public | British university |
| Fiat |  | The company of the Agnelli family, with tentacles all over Italian society. | |
| Texas State University |  | State university | University in Texas |
| London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine |  | Research Public | Many members of this School is at the center of the COVID-19 psy-op. |
| Simmons College |  | Private women's Undergraduate Co-educational Graduate | |
| Morrisons |  | ||
| Virginia Union University |  | Military ranks Baptist= | Private, historically black, Baptist university in Richmond, Virginia. |
| Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions |  | The largest and most influential umbrella organization of labour unions in Norway, closely connected to the Labour Party. | |
| Finland/Social Democratic Party |  | ||
| General Dynamics |  | US arms manufacturer |
A Group that was Wound Up
| Group | Image | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Ohio Central College | | In 1882, future president Warren G. Harding graduated from the college. |
Deaths
| Title | Born | Died | Place of death | Summary | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wirt Dexter Walker | 1 September 1860 | 24 April 1899 | Lawyer | ||
| Garret Hobart | 3 June 1844 | 21 November 1899 | New Jersey Paterson | Politician | US Vice President whose untimely death of heart disease fortuitously cleared the way for the man-of-destiny Theodore Roosevelt. |
Births
| Title | Born | Place of birth | Died | Summary | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adnan Menderes | 1899 | Turkey Koçarlı Aydın Vilayet | 17 September 1961 | Politician | Turkish PM for 10 years. In this role he attended 2 Bilderbergs in the 1950s. After trying to balance the United States against the Soviet Union by successfully getting a Soviet loan, he was toppled in the CIA-supported 1960 coup d'état, after which he he was executed. |
| Ettore Musco | 1899 | Italy Naples | 1990 | Spook Soldier | One of the early key members of Gladio |
| Davey Neligan | 1899 | 1983 | Spook Police officer Double agent | First head of the newly formed The Irish Free State Garda Special Branch and a key figure in the | |
| William Geary | 1899 | 2004 | An Irish Nationalist and member of the Irish police force who became the victim of intrigues involving the British and Irish intelligence services arising from the Irish civil war. | ||
| B. H. M. Vlekke | 1899 | 1970 | Academic | Dutch academic who did propaganda work when in exile in the United States during WW2. In attendance at the first Bilderberg 1954. | |
| Norah Briscoe | 1899 | 1996 | Spook | Attempted to supply UK classified information to Nazi Germany | |
| Hans Hirschfeld | 1899 | 1961 | Diplomat Economist | Dutch economist/diplomat. Rapporteur in the attendance list of the first Bilderberg. | |
| Howard Jones | 2 January 1899 | Indiana Evansville | September 1973 | Diplomat | |
| Sherman Adams | 8 January 1899 | Vermont Windham County | 27 October 1986 | Deep politician | Governor of New Hampshire and powerful White House Chief of Staff under President Eisenhower. |
| Karl Brandt | 9 January 1899 | Germany Essen | 8 July 1975 | Economist | German/US agricultural economist who attended the 1959 Bilderberg. |
| Al Capone | 17 January 1899 | New York United States Brooklyn | 25 January 1947 | Crime boss | Infamous crime boss |
| Robert Hutchins | 17 January 1899 | 17 May 1977 | Academic | ||
| Gotthard von Falkenhausen | 20 January 1899 | 1 November 1982 | Banker | German banker | |
| John Bodkin Adams | 21 January 1899 | 4 July 1983 | Doctor Fraudster Serial killer | ||
| Alfred Denning | 23 January 1899 | Hampshire Whitchurch | 5 March 1999 | Lawyer Judge | |
| Paul-Henri Spaak | 25 January 1899 | Belgium Schaerbeek | 31 July 1972 | Politician Deep politician | Bilderberger, President of the United Nations General Assembly, Secretary General of NATO, President of the European Movement International |
| Burhan Belge | 1 February 1899 | Turkey Istanbul | 12 January 1967 | Diplomat | Turkish diplomat. First husband of Zsa Zsa Gabor, father of Murat Belge |
| Cevdet Sunay | 10 February 1899 | Turkey Çaykara | 22 May 1982 | Soldier Politician | |
| Edward Mason | 22 February 1899 | US Iowa | 29 February 1992 | Economist | Spooky US economist who attended the 1956, 1963 and 1966 Bilderberg. |
| Max Petitpierre | 26 February 1899 | 25 March 1994 | Politician | Swiss politician | |
| Alfred Gruenther | 3 March 1899 | Nebraska Platte Center | 30 May 1983 | Attended 2 Bilderbergs in the 1950s as SACEUR | |
| Panagiotis Pipinelis | 21 March 1899 | 19 July 1970 | Diplomat Politician | One of a dozen men whom Józef Retinger consulted when setting up the Bilderberg group. Missed the first Bilderberg due to illness, but attended three more. Greek PM. | |
| Lavrenty Beria | 29 March 1899 | Merkheuli Kutaisi Governorate Russia/Tsarist Russia | 23 December 1953 | Deep politician | Feared minister of Stalin. Executed in 1953 with 6 associates. |
| Wirt Dexter Walker I | 13 April 1899 | 8 August 1953 | Lawyer | ||
| Bertil Ohlin | 23 April 1899 | Sweden Klippan Skåne County | 3 August 1979 | Politician Economist | Swedish economist and politician who attended 3 Bilderbergs up to the 1962 Bilderberg |
| Julius Holmes | 24 April 1899 | 14 July 1968 | Diplomat Spook | ||
| Arthur Wilhelm | 1 May 1899 | Switzerland Safenwil Aargau | 4 February 1962 | Economist | Swiss business executive interested in European integration who attended the 1960 Bilderberg and 1961 Bilderbergs. Died suddenly in February 1962. |
| A. K. Chesterton | 1 May 1899 | South Africa Krugerdorp | 16 August 1973 | Journalist Politician | UK politician who joined the Right Club |
| Max Steenberghe | 2 May 1899 | Netherlands Leiden | 22 January 1972 | Politician Businessperson | Dutch politician and businessman who attended the first Bilderberg. |
| Clifton Wharton | 11 May 1899 | Maryland Baltimore | 25 April 1990 | Diplomat | US diplomat who attended the 1978 Bilderberg |
| H. Freeman Matthews | 26 May 1899 | Maryland Baltimore | 19 October 1986 | Politician | U.S. career diplomat who was Ambassador to three European countries and participated in the Yalta conference. |
| Selim Sarper | 14 June 1899 | Turkey Istanbul | 11 October 1968 | Diplomat Politician | Attended the 1959 Bilderberg in Turkey. Became Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs on the day after the 1960 Turkish coup d'état |
| Manoel Sarmento Rodrigues | 15 June 1899 | Portugal | 1 August 1979 | Academic Mariner | Portuguese colonial administrator trying to keep the empire intact with reforms. Attended the 1959 Bilderberg meeting, where one of the topics was "What are the elements in the evolving picture in tropical Africa that may affect Western unity?"; and the 1960 Bilderberg meeting. |
| Walter Krivitsky | 28 June 1899 | Austria-Hungary Podwołoczyska | 10 February 1941 | Spook Defector | A spook and defector |
| Norman Dodd | 29 June 1899 | 1 January 1987 | Bank manager and congressional investigator who exposed how tax-exempt foundations were subverting the United States Government by other than constitutional means. He then proceeded to show that this applied to the Ford Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation, and Carnegie Endowment. | ||
| Wolfgang zu Putlitz | 16 July 1899 | Germany Laaske | 3 September 1975 | Diplomat Spook | Possibly the most important human-source intelligence Britain received in the prewar period |
| Helen Silvermaster | 19 July 1899 | Russia/Tsarist Russia | 22 December 1991 | Spook | |
| Ernest Hemingway | 21 July 1899 | US Illinois Oak Park | 2 July 1961 | American author hounded by the FBI | |
| Raymond Evershed | 8 August 1899 | Stapenhill Burton upon Trent | 3 October 1966 | Judge Deep state operative | Master of the Rolls, President of the Pilgrims Society |
| Lyman Lemnitzer | 29 August 1899 | United States Pennsylvania Honesdale | 12 November 1988 | Soldier | The Chairman of the JCS who approved the now infamous Operation Northwoods, later made NATO's Supreme Allied Commander Europe; was in favor of excessive use of the nuclear arsenal to destroy the Soviet Union. |
| Leo Strauss | 20 September 1899 | Germany Kirchhain | 18 October 1973 | Philosopher Neoconservatism | "The father of neoconservatism" |
| Sylvain Floirat | 28 September 1899 | 14 March 1993 | Businessperson | ||
| Marcus Wallenberg Jr | 5 October 1899 | 13 September 1982 | Banker Businessperson | Banker businessman patriarch of the Wallenberg family. | |
| Marcus Wallenberg Jr. | 5 October 1899 | Sweden Stockholm | 13 November 1982 | Banker Athlete Deep state operative | Chairman of the Federation of Swedish Industries, Bilderberg Steering committee, 22 Bilderbergs |
| Thorkil Kristensen | 9 October 1899 | Denmark Fløjstrup | 26 June 1989 | Politician Academic | First Secretary-General of the OECD. 3 Bilderbergs |
| Josiah Wedgwood | 20 October 1899 | 18 May 1968 | Businessperson | Director of the Bank of England in the 1940s | |
| René Boël | 27 October 1899 | 29 June 1990 | Businessperson Belgian nobility | Married into the Big Chemical Solvay family, where he became director. Represented Belgium at the Bretton Woods Conference. After the war, he was involved with the European League of Economic Cooperation. Attended Bilderberg/1960. | |
| Lewis Thompson Preston Sr. | 27 November 1899 | Colorado Springs | 9 February 1937 | Athlete | US establishment, father of Lewis Thompson Preston who went on to be President of the World Bank Group. |
| Robert Welch | 1 December 1899 | North Carolina Chowan County | 6 January 1985 | Businessperson | |
| John Sparkman | 20 December 1899 | US Alabama Hartselle | 16 November 1985 | Politician | US politician who attended the third and fourth Bilderberg |
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