Saudi Arabia
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Location | Middle East, Asia |
Type | nation state |
Subgroups | Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah |
Interest of | CENTCOM, Michael Fawcett, House of Saud |
Member of | Arab League, G-20, Global Counter Terrorism Forum, Safari Club, UN |
Subpage | •Saudi Arabia/Ambassador •Saudi Arabia/Deep state •Saudi Arabia/Foreign Minister •Saudi Arabia/Nuclear Weapons •Saudi Arabia/Visa fraud |
Longtime political ally of the USA, Saudi Arabia possesses larger easily accessible oil reserves than any other nation state. |
Saudi Arabia is a large nation state in the Middle East with a strict form of Sharia law. It has huge oil reserves. The Saudi intelligence service assisted the US deep state in carrying out the September 11th attacks.[1]
In 2018, Saudi Arabia was #4 in the world in terms of military expenditure at 82.9 US$bn.[2]
Contents
- 1 Official narrative
- 2 Internal opposition
- 3 Fossil fuel reserves
- 4 Human rights
- 5 Foreign policy
- 6 Wikileaks Cables
- 6.1 Sex, drugs and booze are rampant
- 6.2 Exclusive parties
- 6.3 Guantanamo Bay detainees
- 6.4 Saudis are players in Pakistan
- 6.5 Saudi contempt for Zardari
- 6.6 Saudi Arabia's friend Nawaz Sharif
- 6.7 Pakistan Army is Saudi Arabia's "winning horse"
- 6.8 Saudi Arabia and UAE fund extremism in Punjab province
- 6.9 Pakistan and Saudi Arabia "unique relationship"
- 6.10 Turkey seen as answer to Saudi influence in Pakistan
- 7 Weapons
- 8 COVID-19
- 9 Related Quotations
- 10 Events
- 11 Groups Headquartered Here
- 12 Citizens of Saudi Arabia on Wikispooks
- 13 Events Participated in
- 14 Related Documents
- 15 References
Official narrative
Commercially-controlled media do not say much about the human rights record of the Saudi government. The country has what was termed in Vice an "antiquated legal system based primarily around sharia law", and beheaded dozens of its citizens in 2014, for example.[3]
Internal opposition
Grand Mosque seizure 1979
The Grand Mosque seizure occurred during November and December 1979 when extremist insurgents called for the overthrow of the House of Saud took over Masjid al-Haram in Mecca. The insurgents declared that the Mahdi (the "redeemer of Islam") had arrived in the form of one of their leader – Mohammed Abdullah al-Qahtani – and called on Muslims to obey him.[4]
Saudi troops and Special Forces were overpowered during their attempts to take back the structure. The seizure of Islam's holiest site, the taking of hostages from the worshippers and the deaths of hundreds of security forces, militants and hostages caught in the crossfire shocked the rulers of Saudi Arabia and the Islamic world. Paul Barril and two other French trainers were flown in to advice the soldiers.[5] Details about the operation were kept secret for decades. It ended two weeks after the takeover began.
Following the attack, the Saudi King Khaled implemented a stricter enforcement of Shariah and he gave religious conservatives more power over the next decade; commentators note that this was the one defining event that brought Saudi Arabia to were it is today politically.[citation needed]
Sheikh Nimr
Abby Martin takes us inside the brutal reality of the Saudi police-state monarchy |
In 2012, the prominent Shia cleric Sheikh Nimr, who had called for free elections in Saudi Arabia, was arrested and subsequently tortured. On 15 October 2014, he was sentenced to death by the Specialised Criminal Court for "seeking 'foreign meddling' in Saudi Arabia, 'disobeying' its rulers and taking up arms against the security forces" and his brother, Mohammad al-Nimr, was arrested on the same day for tweeting information about the death sentence. His nephew, Ali Mohammed Baqir al-Nimr, who also participated in the 2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests, was arrested in 2012, sentenced to death in 2014, and expected ratification of his sentence by King Salman of Saudi Arabia, to be carried out by beheading and crucifixion. The hacker collective, 'Anonymous', protested the plan to kill him and later launched DDOS attacks in protest.[6]
In January 2016, Saudi Arabia executed Sheikh Nimr.[7]
Fossil fuel reserves
Saudi Arabia has the largest easily accessible oil reserves in the world, which it sells for petrodollars. Saudi Arabia also has the 6th largest gas reserves of any nation state, nearly 5% of total global reserves.[8]
Human rights
Saudi Arabia has Islamic Sharia laws which allow the death penalty to be imposed for murder, rape, apostasy, armed robbery, drug trafficking and repeated drug use.[9] Amputations and public floggings are also carried out, leading to criticism by the United Nations Committee against Torture.[10] Saudi Arabia is reported to have killed 48 people in the first 4 months of 2018, half for non-violent drug charges.[11]
UNHRC
In September 2015, Faisal bin Hassan Trad, Saudi Arabia's ambassador to the UN in Geneva, was elected Chair of the UNHRC Advisory Committee, the panel that appoints independent experts.[12][13] UN Watch executive director Hillel Neuer said:
- "It is scandalous that the UN chose a country that has beheaded more people this year (2015) than ISIS to be head of a key human rights panel. Petro-dollars and politics have trumped human rights."[14] Saudi Arabia also shut down criticism, during the UN meeting.[15]
In September 2017, US President Donald Trump said:
- "It is an 'embarrassment' that there are countries on the UN human rights panel that have themselves committed atrocities", but not naming any particular country.[16]
Meet the new head of the United Nations panel on Human Rights: the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Abby Martin takes us inside the brutal reality of this police-state monarchy, and tells the untold people's history of resistance to it. With a major, catastrophic war in Yemen and looming high-profile executions of activists, The Empire Files exposes true nature of the US-Saudi love affair.[17]
Women
In 2019 Saudi Arabis announced that it would grant passports to women above 21 and allow them to travel without a male guardian.[18]
Foreign policy
Saudi minister of Gulf affairs, Thamer al-Sabhan, said on 6 November, 2017 that Lebanon had declared war against Saudi Arabia because of what he described as aggression against the Kingdom by the Iran-backed group Hezbollah.[19]
Sponsorship of "Terrorism"
“Saudi Arabia is the Arab world’s leading state sponsor of terror. It backs ISIS, al-Qaeda, its al-Nusra offshoot and other terrorist groups – supplying them with weapons (including CWs), munitions, funding and other material support.”
Stephen Lendman (27 November 2017) [20]
The report of the US government's first inquiry into 9/11 contained 15 pages that were redacted before publication, outlining Saudi sponsorship of the "19 hijackers". A July 2018 article in Zerohedge commented that "the Saudis are constantly maneuvering to keep the American public in the dark concerning their role in 9/11".[21]
US special relationship
As noted by John Perkins in Confessions Of An Economic Hitman, the US has a long standing secret deal to support the Saudi government as long as it has easy access to Saudi oil. CIA/Deep State operative Frank Terpil admits working for the government of Saudi Arabia.[22]
Since President Obama took power, the US has been distancing itself from Saudi Arabia. The most notable single step in this process was probably the Obama administration's decision to declassify the 28 pages of the9-11/Joint Congressional Inquiry, which indicate that Saudi Arabia was involved in 9-11.[23]
Wikileaks Cables
In 2010, Wikileaks released cables with e-mails regarding Saudi Arabia and their talks with their officials. Below a list of what the officials reported.
Sex, drugs and booze are rampant
In Jeddah, despite the religious police of Saudi Arabia, there is an underground nightlife, with "the full range of worldly temptations and vices" with witnesses saying "alcohol, drugs, sex" and "working girls" were everywhere. Even though these parties are in complete violation of local and federal laws, the police was said to be "scared" of raid them because they were hosted by influential royals. [24]
Exclusive parties
"An American official in Saudi Arabia describes un-Islamic mores at a clandestine Halloween party, hosted by a royal prince. Alcohol and prostitutes abounded at the event, attended by 150-plus Saudis. The host's status kept the fearsome religious police away. Such parties, the writer concluded, were increasingly typical in the kingdom.[25]
Guantanamo Bay detainees
King Abdullah proposed that Guantanamo detainees could be monitored by "implanting detainees with an electronic chip containing information about them and allowing their movements to be tracked with Bluetooth. This was done with horses and falcons.[26]
Saudis are players in Pakistan
Saudi Arabian Ambassador to the United States Adel al-Jubeir boasted abou Saudi involvement in Pakistan saying "We in Saudi Arabia are not observers in Pakistan, we are participants."[27][28]
Saudi contempt for Zardari
Saudis hated Shi'a-dominated Pakistan People Party and complained about Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari's "alleged corruption and incompetence" and said there was a Saudi bias against Zardari as a Shi'ite, friendly with Iran.[29]
According to a cable sent by an official in 2008, shortly after the 2008 Pakistani presidential election, the Pakistani Deputy Chief of Mission Sarfraz Khanzada said Saudi financial assistance to Pakistan had been sharply reduced because "a lack of Saudi confidence in the Zardari government."[30] Khanzada stated his opinion that "the Saudi government was said to be 'waiting for the Zardari government to fall.
Saudi King Abdullah called President Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari "the greatest obstacle" to the country's progress and said "When the head is rotten, it affects the whole body".[31][32]
Saudi Arabia's friend Nawaz Sharif
Saudi King Abdullah wanted to see Pakistan run by former PM Nawaz Sharif, and cut back assistance to Pakistan to enforce this "eventual thing". Nawaz "practically lives" in Saudi Arabia, was luckt to get a "reserved prayer space" in the Prophet's Mosque in Medina because Nawaz's daughter was married to a grandson of King Fahd was considered family ~ Muhammad Amir("Amir Bhai")"[29][33][34] The Saudis mentioned "compromise seemed alien to Pakistani politicians" when trying to unite them.
Pakistan Army is Saudi Arabia's "winning horse"
Prince Mohammed bin Nayef, Saudi Assistant Minister of the Interior, describes the Pakistani Chief of Army staff Ashfaq Parvez Kayani as a "decent man" and the Pakistani Army as Saudi Arabia's "winning horse" and "best bet." Pakistani soldiers were still hiding their membership in public, a shame the prince said.
Saudi Arabia and UAE fund extremism in Punjab province
Missionary and Islamic charity organisations with the support Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, were giving them nearly US$100 million, and it was handed to clerics in madrassas in the southern part of Pakistan's Punjab Province. Led by Jamaat-ud-Dawa and Al khidmat foundation, children recruited in these schools would get "specific indoctrination, sectarian extremism, hatred for non-Muslims, anti-Western/anti-Pakistan government philosophy and be taught to join a Jihad.[35][36]
Pakistan and Saudi Arabia "unique relationship"
In a meeting with the Saudi Interior Minister, Prince Muhammad bin Nayef, former US Special Representative to Afghanistan and Pakistan, Richard Holbrooke wanted the Saudi and Pakistanis to wage a counterterrorism operation through Pakistan.[37]
Turkey seen as answer to Saudi influence in Pakistan
Former US Ambassador to Pakistan, Anne W. Patterson said "Turkey is seen as answer to Saudis' influence in Pakistan as Turkey announced USD 110 million for the Swat Valley in Pakistan and was the only Muslim country to announce such a package. Turkey was seemed much better friends to the citizens than Saudi Arabia."[38]
Weapons
Saudi Arabia Live Ammo Display at Night[39][40] |
Saudi Arabia was the recipient of arms in the corrupt multi-billion dollar Al-Yamamah arms deal with the UK. In 2011, the USA sold $33.4 billion of weapons to the kingdom, just over half its total weapons sales that year.[41] In 2017, the US agreed a $350 billion arms deal for the next 10 years.[42] Between 2012-2016, Saudi was one of only 2 states to account for over 5% of global weapons imports (the other being India).[43]
Nuclear Weapons
- Full article: Saudi Arabia/Nuclear Weapons
- Full article: Saudi Arabia/Nuclear Weapons
In May 2015, the Sunday Times reported that Saudi Arabia had decided to buy nuclear weapons from Pakistan.[44]
COVID-19
Saudi Arabia has enacted social distancing policies at cultural and religious sites.[45]
Related Quotations
Page | Quote | Author |
---|---|---|
George Curzon | “[We need an] Arab facade ruled and administered under British guidance and controlled by a native Mohammedan and, as far as possible, by an Arab staff…. There should be no actual incorporation of the conquered territory in the dominions of the conqueror, but the absorption may be veiled by such constitutional fictions as a protectorate, a sphere of influence, a buffer state and so on.”” | George Curzon |
Philip Haney | “(He) was ordered by the DHS to alter or modify information because it was not politically correct. The problem with Saudi Arabia in relation to terrorism, said Haney, is that the country supports Islamic schools called madrasas in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. They send Saudi males there to be educated in Koranic theology and other Islamic texts, and these schools often function as a breeding ground for terrorist organizations” | Philip Haney |
Events
Event | Description |
---|---|
2024 Persian Gulf floods | Severe flash floods in a arid desert kill dozens in countries known for documented geoengineering. CCM quick to copy spokespersons denying any link to geoengineering, after one admitted this to be the caused by geoengineering. |
Gulf War | A war used by the US to effectively cow the Saudis into submission and bolster US military domination of the Gulf region. |
Project Simoom |
Groups Headquartered Here
Group | Start | Description |
---|---|---|
Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah | 1957 | |
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals | 1963 | Saudi Arabian university |
Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority | ||
Saudi Aramco |
Citizens of Saudi Arabia on Wikispooks
Title | Born | Died | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Shaker Aamer | 12 December 1968 | The last UK national to be released from Guantanamo Bay, where he was held for 13 years and subjected to torture after refusing to spy for MI5. | |
Kamal Adham | 1929 | 29 October 1999 | Director General of Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah at the time of BCCI and "Iran-Contra" |
Amr Al-Dabbagh | 1966 | Governor and chairman of the board of the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority. Jeffrey Epstein/Black book. | |
Sami Alangari | Saudi businessman with deep state connections. | ||
Makarem Batterjee | Saudi YGL businessman who worked with the Saudi government on COVID-19 as president of the Saudi German Hospitals Group | ||
Haifa bint Faisal | 1950 | Wife of Bandar bin Sultan | |
Hani Hanjour | 13 August 1972 | 11 September 2001 | A poor pilot who supposedly piloted a 747 into the Pentagon. |
Rafic Hariri | 1 November 1944 | 14 February 2005 | |
Adnan Khashoggi | 25 July 1935 | 6 June 2017 | Multi-billionare arms dealer. |
Jamal Khashoggi | 13 October 1958 | 2 October 2018 | assassinated journalist |
Osama bin Laden | 10 March 1957 | December 2001 | A CIA operative, heavily involved in CIA covert operations such as Operation Cyclone and Gladio plan B. |
Shafiq bin Laden | Half brother of Osama bin Laden | ||
Faisal bin Turki Al Saud (born 1975) | 27 March 1975 | ||
Al-Waleed bin Talal | 7 March 1957 | Billionaire member of the Saudi royal family. | |
Ahmed Zaki Yamani | 30 June 1930 | ||
Omar al-Bayoumi | |||
Saeed al-Ghamdi | 21 November 1979 | 11 September 2001 | |
Maan al-Jaraba | Saudi political dissident who claims he was attempted murdered in a similar way to Jamal Khashoggi. | ||
Turki bin Faisal al-Saud | 15 February 1945 | A former director general of the Saudi Intelligence Agency, who resigned suddenly, just 10 days before the 9/11 attacks. | |
Waleed al-Shehri | 20 December 1978 | 11 September 2001 |
Events Participated in
Event | Start | End | Location(s) | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bandung Conference | 1955 | 1955 | Indonesia | Important conference for the global south; participants soon became prime targets for US foreign policy |
WEF/Annual Meeting/2019 | 22 January 2019 | 25 January 2019 | Switzerland |
Related Documents
Title | Type | Publication date | Author(s) | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Document:Backing the Wrong Horseman | blog post | Craig Murray | The neo-con drive to dominate the Middle East, in alliance with Saudi Arabia and Israel, has caused an apocalyptic level of death and destruction, which I put (an extremely conservative figure) at 5 million dead. Now compare that to the worldwide death toll from coronavirus: 220,000. Let me say that again. Western aggressive wars to coronavirus: 5,000,000 versus 220,000. | |
Document:Bandar ibn Israel | article | 28 August 2013 | Sharmine Narwani | The collusion of Saudi Arabia's Bandar bin Sultan with Israel in acts of terrorist violence in the Middle East through 2013. |
Document:Bangkok Blast - Who the Liars Say Did It, Says it All | article | 18 August 2015 | 'Tony Cartalucci' | Analysis of the 18 August terrorist bombing in Bangkok illustrating western media (especially the BBC) bias by omission of major salient points |
Document:Hushing Up - and Profiting from - Saudi Aggressions while Warmongering against Russia | article | 29 August 2015 | Stephen Gowans | The gross hypocricy inherent in the foreign policy actions of Anglo-US-NATO governments |
Document:Invasion of Saudi Arabia | article | 9 July 2004 | Tanya C. Hsu | |
Document:Julian Assange Must be Freed, Not Betrayed | Article | 18 February 2020 | John Pilger | Sarah Ferguson's interview made no mention of a leaked document, revealed by WikiLeaks, called 'Libya Tick Tock', prepared for Hillary Clinton, which described her as the central figure driving the destruction of the Libyan state in 2011. This resulted in 40,000 deaths, the arrival of ISIS in North Africa and the European refugee and migrant crisis. |
Document:Outside In: The Trump Administration’s Plan to Remake the Middle East | Article | 10 October 2018 | Ted Snider | Benjamin Netanyahu refers to his doctrine as Outside In: first you pacify the Outside and ally with the Sunni Arab states (Egypt and Saudi Arabia) outside of Israel, then, in exchange, you extract a peace plan out of them that you then impose Inside on a Palestine now devoid of allies and leave it helpless to hold out against a peace plan forced on the Palestinians by Donald Trump. |
Document:Remembrance Day and the truths that dare not speak their name | blog post | 8 November 2018 | John Wight | If Remembrance Day imparts a message worthy of our collective intelligence it is that war should be made a crime, with those who instigate it punished as criminals. In the last analysis it does not determine who is right only who is left. We have met the enemy and he is us. End. |
Document:Sept 11 Widow Is First American To Sue Saudi Arabia For Terrorism: Her Full Lawsuit | Article | 1 October 2016 | 'Tyler Durden' | Widow of 9-11 victim Navy Commander Patrick Dunn sues Saudi Arabia |
Document:The Dog That Didn't Bark | Article | 30 November 2017 | Israel Shamir | The Jared Kushner-Mohammed bin Salman peace plan for Palestine is likely to misfire, as have all MBS plans, from pressuring Qatar to vanquishing Yemen. A lot of blood and a lot of money will flow, adding to miseries in the Middle East and elsewhere. The only satisfaction is that now you know who owns the dog that did not bark. |
Document:Theresa May's personal role in facilitating terror attacks | video | 5 June 2017 | Dan Glazebrook | Theresa May and her Cabinet are complicit in murder. They are war criminals. If the principles established by the Nuremberg Tribunal after World War II were applied, they would be hung. |
Document:US charged with war crimes in Syria prison siege | Article | 27 January 2022 | Bill Van Auken | Syria’s state media agency Sana quoted the country’s Foreign Ministry as denouncing the actions of the US and its puppet Kurdish-led militia as tantamount to “war crimes”. It demanded the immediate withdrawal of both US troops from northeastern Syria and the Turkish military from the northwest of the country. |
Document:Under Trump, the Israel lobby is a Hydra with many heads | Article | 30 May 2018 | Jonathan Cook | Since Trump took office, the Israel lobby has mobilised four other powerful lobbies: Christian evangelicals, the alt-right, the military-industrial complex and Saudi Arabia |
References
- ↑ https://isgp-studies.com/911-supranational-suspects#saudi
- ↑ "Top defence budgets 2018 (US$bn)"
- ↑ https://news.vice.com/article/saudi-arabia-beheaded-59-people-so-far-this-year-but-hardly-anyone-is-talking-about-it
- ↑ http://archive.today/2020.12.15-014330/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20190407145532/https://www.mecca1979.com/#SIEGEOFMECCA-STORY
- ↑ http://theantimedia.org/anonymous-attacks-saudi-government-over-crucifixion-of-protester/
- ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/02/saudi-execution-of-shia-cleric-sparks-outrage-in-middle-east
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_proven_reserves
- ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2966790.stm
- ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1992027.stm
- ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/26/saudi-arabia-criticised-over-executions-for-drug-offences
- ↑ "UK helped Saudi Arabia get UN human rights role through 'secret deal' to exchange votes, leaked documents suggest"
- ↑ "When Beheading Won’t Do the Job, the Saudis Resort to Crucifixion"
- ↑ "UN Watchdog Slams 'Scandalous' Choice of Saudi Arabia to Head Human Rights Panel"
- ↑ Saudi Arabia Tries to Silence Center for Inquiry at UN Human Rights Council - 6/23/14, Center for Inquiry
- ↑ Donald Trump attacks UN human rights council for including human rights abusers – like US ally Saudi Arabia
- ↑ "Inside Saudi Arabia: Butchery, Slavery & History of Revolt"
- ↑ https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/2019/08/01/Saudi-women-no-longer-need-their-guardian-s-permission-to-issue-a-passport-Okaz.html
- ↑ https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/gulf/2017/11/07/Saudi-Arabia-We-will-treat-Lebanese-government-as-a-declaration-of-war.html
- ↑ https://www.globalresearch.ca/saudi-arabias-phony-war-on-terror-leading-state-sponsor-of-isis-al-qaeda-et-al/5620264 Global Research
- ↑ https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2018-07-01/leaked-emails-reveal-pro-saudi-intrigue-2016-gop-convention-attempts-suppress-911
- ↑ http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/article1963199.html
- ↑ http://whowhatwhy.org/2016/08/20/russ-baker-saudi-911-coverup-part-ii/
- ↑ http://wikileaks.ch/cable/2009/11/09JEDDAH443.html
- ↑ http://www.economist.com/node/17674097}
- ↑ /web.archive.org/web/20110108010405
- ↑ Gfoeller, Michael (20 November 2007). "Saudi Arabian Ambassador to the US on Pakistani President Musharraf's visit to Saudi Arabia". WikiLeaks. Template:WikiLeaks cable. Archived from the original on 31 December 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2011. Cite journal requires
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- ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ Rundell, David (16 October 2008). "Pakistani relations with Saudis "strained"". WikiLeaks. Template:WikiLeaks cable. Archived from the original on 31 December 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2011. Cite journal requires
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- ↑ Staff writer (29 November 2010).Saudi King Calls Zardari Greatest Obstacle to Pak Progress: WikiLeaks. AAJ TV. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
- ↑
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- ↑ Imtiaz, Saba (8 December 2010). "External Actors: Saudi Arabia's Covert Role in Pakistan". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
- ↑ "Saudi Arabia, UAE financing extremism in south Punjab". 21 May 2011.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
- ↑ "Saudi Arabia, UAE funded jihadi networks in Pakistan: WikiLeaks - Region - World".Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
- ↑ https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Contents_of_the_United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak_(Middle_East)#Saudi_Arabia
- ↑
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- ↑ https://www.arabnews.com/national-guard-training-exercise
- ↑ https://www.military.com/video/guns/machine-guns/saudi-arabia-live-ammo-display-at-night/2965742460001
- ↑ Peter Dale Scott, The American Deep State
- ↑ http://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/20/us-saudi-arabia-seal-weapons-deal-worth-nearly-110-billion-as-trump-begins-visit.html
- ↑ https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2017-03/news/us-leads-rising-global-arms-trade
- ↑ http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/world_news/Middle_East/article1557090.ece
- ↑ https://www.samaa.tv/global/2021/12/saudi-arabia-re-imposes-social-distancing-at-two-holy-mosques/