"Conspiracy theory"
 "Conspiracy theory"     
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| Interest of | • Chip Berlet • Ingrid Brodnig • COMPACT - Comparative Analysis of Conspiracy Theories • Marie-Eve Carignan • Aleksandra Cichocka • Conspiracy Files • Conspiracy Watch • Correctiv • Yusuf Desai • Karen Douglas • David Grimes • Todd Leventhal • Mark Crispin Miller • Karl Popper • Jan-Willem van Prooijen • Nathalie Van Raemdonck • Anna Zetchus Smith • Marianna Spring • Stop Funding Hate • Cass Sunstein • Robbie Sutton • Adrian Vermeule |
| Subpage(s) | •"Conspiracy theory/Academic research" |
| An enemy image used to equate scepticism of government with craziness. It was developed by the CIA to try to contain doubt about the FBI's "Oswald did it, case closed" approach to the JFK assassination. It is now being associated with dangerous and violent insanity, in an effort to promote internet censorship of free speech. | |
"Conspiracy theory" is a label used to malign ideas which challenge an official narrative. Since the JFK assassination, the phrase "conspiracy theorist" is used as an enemy image in ad hominem attacks on those who seriously question official pronouncements. This stemmed from a 1968 CIA project to try to promote the "lone nut" theory of the JFK assassination, which the US deep state later developed into a general purpose tool for the undermining of anyone who looked for hidden connections between events that the commercially-controlled media treated as isolated incidents. Post 9/11, it is the subject of pseudo-scientific study to limit freedom of speech by promoting the idea that the holders of such opinions should be subjected to internet censorship, and the removal of civil liberties.
Contents
Origins
The modern pejorative connotations of the phrase stem from the JFK assassination, as a result of a 1968 CIA operation using their (Operation Mockingbird) "assets in the media" to try to "counter criticism of the Warren Report", which was increasingly persuasive.[1]
Nicholas Katzenbach's memo
The modern usage of the phrase stems from the JFK assassination, of which the FBI's official narrative was that it was carried out by a "lone nut" devoid of deep political connections. Nicholas Katzenbach sent a memo to Bill Moyers arguing that it was important then to persuade the public that "Oswald was the assassin," and that "he did not have confederates." This memo also mentioned that "the Dallas police have put out statements on the Communist conspiracy theory."[2]
Countering Criticism of the Warren Report
- Full article:
Document:Countering Criticism of the Warren Report
- Full article:
Since the perpetrators of the JFK assassination wished to discredit any suggestion which challenged their theory, a decision was made to use Operation Mockingbird commercially-controlled media assets to use the phrase "conspiracy theory" to do exactly that. Accordingly, they were instructed to use the phrase "conspiracy theory" to refer to anyone who publicly doubted the findings of the Warren Commission.[3] This is explained by declassified CIA memo# 1035-960, "Countering Criticism of the Warren Report", which reports the widespread disbelief of the Warren Commission report with concern:
"This trend of opinion is a matter of concern to the U.S. government, including our organization [the CIA]... Conspiracy theories have frequently thrown suspicion on our organization, for example by falsely alleging that Lee Harvey Oswald worked for us. The aim of this dispatch is to provide material for countering and discrediting the claims of the conspiracy theorists..." The memo recommends that its recipients "employ propaganda assets [in the media] to answer and refute the attacks of the critics".[4]
Pejorative connotations
NYU Media Professor Mark Crispin Miller records that the result of this CIA orchestrated effort was that it increasingly was loaded with connotations of craziness, to the point that by about 1980 it was an almost purely pejorative connotation, as if the official narrative is never mistaken or mendacious. As Miller notes in the public discourse only a century or so back the reverse was assumed to be true; distrust of authority used to be very common place, and formed the backdrop of a lot of political negotiations and some of the laws passed in USA. Conspiracy was formerly understood to be a potent force.[3]
Modern usage
As the internet allowed widespread access to diverse opinions, the label "conspiracy theory" has been working overtime as authorities try to sideline any competition to their favoured official narratives. It is associated with the word "extremist", which is used as a more general enemy image, to describe anyone with significant disagreements with official points of view. A dramatic awakening since around 2005 has lead to increasingly aggressive (and unsuccessful) efforts to censor such alternative ideas.
"Conspiracy theorists"
- Full article: “Conspiracy theorist”
- Full article: “Conspiracy theorist”
Nowadays however, the label "conspiracy theorist" has become an ad hominem attack used on those with opinions which threaten the powers that be, as if anyone harboring such thoughts can be safely dismissed as a victim of irrational paranoia, possibly even mentally unbalanced or dangerous. The commercially-controlled media clearly have a commercial interest in casting suspicion on anyone whose primary source of information is elsewhere as inherently suspect, so it is easy to see why they might wish to repeatedly lump together patently absurd ideas together with well-founded doubts about the official narrative under a single label:'conspiracy theory'.
Wikipedia on Conspiracy Theories
Wikipedia noted as of January 2018 that “Theories involving multiple conspirators that are proven to be correct, such as the Watergate scandal, are usually referred to as "investigative journalism" or "historical analysis" rather than conspiracy theory.”[5]
Wikipedia's list of conspiracy theories is an interesting read as a reflection of how commercially-controlled media would like people to behave. The 'Conspiracy Theorist as defective personality' meme is present, with Wikipedia reporting that "The motivations for nations starting, entering, or ending wars are often brought into question by conspiracy theorists." This may refer indirectly to the neglect of economic reasons for war by the commercially-controlled media. In contrast, economic motivations are not questioned by Wikipedia's page on cartel and anti trust law. Acknowledging that "proving the existence of a cartel is rarely easy, as firms are usually not so careless as to put collusion agreements on paper" and that "Cartels usually arise in an oligopolistic industry", Wikipedia avoids the word 'Conspiracy' to describe those hidden arrangements, although American anti trust law such as the 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act uses the term. Back then, it seems, conspiracy theories abounded.
The reframing of the term "Conspiracy Theory' is also brought to attention by Daniele Ganser saying the official narrative of 9/11 is by definition (read: the "old" definition) nothing but another "Conspiracy theory". Needless to say that taking back the original meaning of such a major spin keyword (already loaded with the 'defective personality' meme after endless repetitions) can not be allowed by those who brought forth the spin in the first place.
A German editor Phi, who describes himself as senior government official, in section 'Psychological Foundations' remarks that 'Conspiracy Theories are similar to paranoia, a mental disorder...' He goes on to associate this paranoia with the delusion of the people's Führer in totalitarian regimes. The English Wikipedia is more polite but adds 'schizotypy' to the long litany of 'thought disorders' prevalent amongst "conspiracy theorists".
Marginalisation
In the section on assassinations, Wikipedia notes that "the question of Who benefits? (Cui bono?) is also often asked, with conspiracy theorists asserting that insiders often have far more powerful motives than those to whom the assassination is attributed by mainstream society". In the case of the JFK Assassination, since the majority of the US population doubt the Kennedy was killed by a "lone nut", this use of the adjective "mainstream" cannot be interpreted numerically. How then is it best understood? Since the US House Committee on Assassinations, the official US government position is that Kennedy was probably killed due to a conspiracy, this "mainstream" does not necessarily even mean the "government narrative". The "mainstream" in question is the commercially-controlled media, which loves to represent itself as "mainstream" as if any deviation from it is marginal and suspect.
Public attitudes to conspiracies
- Full article: Public attitudes to conspiracies
- Full article: Public attitudes to conspiracies
Historically, conspiracy was understood to be an every present danger. The UK Prime Minister, Benjamin Disraeli, for example, said to Parliament in 1856:
"There is in Italy a power which we seldom mention in this House ... I mean the secret societies... It is useless to deny, because it is impossible to conceal, that a great part of Europe — the whole of Italy and France and a great portion of Germany, to say nothing of other countries — is covered with a network of these secret societies, just as the superficies of the earth is now being covered with railroads. And what are their objects? They do not attempt to conceal them. They do not want constitutional government; they do not want ameliorated institutions ... they want to change the tenure of land, to drive out the present owners of the soil and to put an end to ecclesiastical establishments. Some of them may go further... "[6]
Michel Parenti on Conspiracy theories
Journalist Michael Parenti has pointed out that politicians and corporate leaders naturally work to further their own monetary and power interests, often in a conspiratorial manner. "To believe otherwise is to believe in Coincidence Theory, the truly nutty idea that the interests of the very wealthy are magically maintained by chance, year after year."[7] In his "Dirty Truths" (City Lights Books, 1996), Parenti points out that "conspiracy" can simply mean that ruling class individuals "are aware of their interests, know each other personally, meet together privately and off the record, and try to hammer out a consensus on how to anticipate and react to events and issues."
Incompetence theories distract from understanding malice. Limited hang outs are like using Newton's Laws to describe the way the universe works at the subatomic level. Newtonian physics is useful for building a bridge, but is an incomplete description of reality. http://www.oilempire.us/map.html
Michael Parenti offers the following "alternatives" to conspiracy theories:
- Somnambulist Theory: The wealthiest 1 percent sleepwalk through life, never giving a thought to their vast wealth or how to keep it.
- Coincidence Theory: Things repeatedly happen by chance in ways that magically maintain the interests of the very wealthy, year after year.
- Stupidity Theory: The very rich are befuddled, incompetent and ineffectual. They just don't know how they keep that power.
- Spontaneity or Idiosyncrasy Theory: Stuff happens (in a way that keeps the system in place.) Again and again. Over long periods of time.
- Aberration Theory: Dirty tricks of the CIA and so forth are "atypical departures" from the norm.[7]
The above theories would have us believe our inequitable tax system, corporate-owned media, unjust social conditions and other wrongful policies are momentary aberrations, isolated from the central goal of our political system. Again, that goal is protecting the money and power of the wealthiest 1%. Parenti points out that the wealthiest 1 percent naturally defend their interests, just as farmers or steelworkers defend theirs. He also notes that the CIA is by definition conspiratorial, "using covert actions and secret plans, many of which are of the most unsavory kind. What are covert operations if not conspiracies?"
Pseudo=scientific study
The most infamous academic paper on this topic is the working paper entitled Conspiracy Theories, by deep state actors Cass R. Sunstein and Adrian Vermeule of Harvard Law School, published on January 15, 2008 which claimed that "the best response [to "conspiracy theorists"] consists in cognitive infiltration of extremist groups".[8] This is typical amongst the whole genre in adding an academic gloss to the comforting lie that authorities' versions of events are more or less always reliable and well intentioned, and anyone who suggests otherwise is crazy if not downright dangerous.
Demonisation
Late 2015 and early 2016 has the release of various papers on the topic of "conspiracies", which some have suggested may be indicative of an organised campaign to equate dissent with mental illness.[9] Certainly, it is interesting that such superficial work has received wide press coverage. A 2016 paper by Oxford physicist Dr. David Grimes, for example, was published by a supposedly highly reputable PLOS-One in spite of a simple statistical error and a very crude approach which ignored flew in the face of established historical evidence such as the existence of Operation Gladio and the Manhattan Project. The BBC reported on this paper uncritically under the headline "Maths study shows conspiracies 'prone to unravelling'", and cited Grimes' conclusions that “the Moon landings "hoax" would have been revealed in 3.7 years, the climate change "fraud" in 3.7 to 26.8 years, the vaccine-autism "conspiracy" in 3.2 to 34.8 years, and the cancer "conspiracy" in 3.2 years.”[10]
Censorship proposals
In 2015, French President François Hollande compared "conspiracy theories" to Nazism and called for their dissemination on the internet to be made illegal.[11]
Cultural references
The second series of Douglas Adams' Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy concludes with the protagonists having finally located the ruler of the universe (a.k.a. the "man in the shack") who makes the real decisions that are ascribed to the President of The Galaxy. The posthumously produced series three of the radio series (produced after Adams' death) diffuses this plot by suggesting that this was a psychotic episode. In the radio adaptation Trillian describes the idea of the secret ruler of the universe as a "conspiracy theory".
Examples
| Page name | Description |
|---|---|
| "Black genocide" | The extinction of black people. |
| "Discredited and disproven" | ON affirming phrase. |
| "White genocide" | The extinction of white people. |
| Donald Trump/Conspiracy theories | Wikipedia has an article listing all the "conspiracy theories" promoted by Donald Trump. |
| Earthquake machine | A weapon of mass destruction which would trigger an earthquake |
| Eurabia | A term: portmanteau of Europe and Arabia. |
| Euromyth | The European Union is surely powerless and omnibenevolent. The original "misinformation"? |
| Irish slaves myth | Wikipedia considers this topic a "conspiracy theory" |
| Kalergi Plan | The original Great Replacement conspiracy theory? |
| Kennedy curse | A series of unfortunate events. Why does the Kennedy family have such bad luck? Coincidence? |
| New world order | A fusion of Government, Trans-National Corporations, Banking & Organized Crime. |
| Project Ireland 2040 | The Great Replacement in Ireland? |
| Voting pencil | Wikipedia considers concerns over election integrity a "conspiracy theory" |
Related Quotations
| Page | Quote | Author | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| "Conspiracy mindset" | “a small part in motivating the endorsement of such seemingly irrational beliefs is the desire to stick out from the crowd, the need for uniqueness” | Roland Imhoff Pia Karoline Lamberty | 2016 |
| "Conspiracy theory/Academic research" | “Work in online misinformation details how alternative media intentionally fabricate conspiracy theories, spreading false allegations ranging from reptilian presidents to staged terrorist attacks” | Robbie Sutton Aleksandra Cichocka Karen Douglas | June 2017 |
| "Conspiracy theory/Academic research" | “[Conspiracy beliefs] are — almost by definition — not shared by the majority of people.” | Roland Imhoff Pia Karoline Lamberty | 2016 |
| "Conspiracy theory/Academic research" | “history has repeatedly shown that corporate and political elites do conspire against public interests. Conspiracy theories play an important role in bringing their misdeeds into the light.” | Robbie Sutton Aleksandra Cichocka Karen Douglas | June 2017 |
| "Conspiracy theory/Academic research" | “they are emotional given that negative emotions and not rational deliberations cause conspiracy beliefs... One limitation... is that the field is lacking a solid theoretical framework that contextualizes previous findings, that enables novel predictions, and that suggests interventions to reduce the prevalence of conspiracy theories in society.” | Jan-Willem van Prooijen Karen Douglas | 2018 |
| "Conspiracy theory/Academic research" | “a small part in motivating the endorsement of such seemingly irrational beliefs is the desire to stick out from the crowd, the need for uniqueness.” | Roland Imhoff Pia Karoline Lamberty | 2016 |
| Marie-Eve Carignan | “Early findings show that there really is a rapid uptake of different conspiracy theories, particularly in the United States and France. Similar theories about other diseases that took years to establish themselves only took a few weeks to take hold, super quickly, because people are absorbing so much information! That’s what’s alarming.” | Marie-Eve Carignan | 5 April 2020 |
| Conspiracy belief | “[Conspiracy beliefs] are — almost by definition — not shared by the majority of people.” | Roland Imhoff Pia Karoline Lamberty | 2016 |
| Conspiracy belief | “belief in conspiracy theories is positively associated with intuitive rather than analytic thinking. Consistently, higher education predicts lower conspiracy beliefs, a finding that is partly mediated by a tendency among the less educated to attribute agency and intentionality where it does not exist, and stronger analytic thinking skills among the higher educated.” | Jan-Willem van Prooijen Karen Douglas | 2018 |
| Conspiracy theories/Academic research/Projection | “they are emotional given that negative emotions and not rational deliberations cause conspiracy beliefs; and they are social as conspiracy beliefs are closely associated with psychological motivations underlying intergroup conflict” | Jan-Willem van Prooijen Karen Douglas | 2018 |
| Conspiracy theories/Academic research/Projection | “[Conspiracy beliefs] are — almost by definition — not shared by the majority of people.” | Roland Imhoff Pia Karoline Lamberty | 2016 |
| Piers Corbyn | “Piers Corbyn is a danger to our families, teams + to the people who believe the garbage he bangs on about. People may not agree with all their MP does but threatening to hammer us to death and burn down our offices is vile. Anonymous online trolls aren’t the major problem here.” | Piers Corbyn Sarah Owen | 18 December 2021 |
| Document:Evolution of the 9/11 Controversy From Conspiracy Theories to Conspiracy Photographs | “Most 9/11 conspiracy theories contest every point of the official account. They base this refutation [sic] on their interpretation of both forensic anomalies at the accident [sic] sites whose existence the official account concedes and attempts to explain, and of evidence whose existence and trustworthiness the official account either rejects or ignores. Their interpretive practice, in other words, both reinterprets and finds conspiratorial details, ripping them out of their place within the official account's framework and inserting them into a conspiratorial one. The conspiracy theorists assert that any unexplained anomaly, or any anomaly for which they can provide a better explanation than the official account offers, causes the official account to fail, because each of the government's assertions requires and builds upon the truth of others. If some of the hijackers are still alive, they argue, or if the towers’ collapse was not caused by the plane collision, or if something other than American Flight 77 hit the Pentagon, then the entire official account would be revealed as a series of lies.”” | Mark Fenster | 2008 |
| Julia Ebner | “Across Europe, conspiracy theories that mix old antisemitic tropes with new ones that demonise migrants and Muslims have gained huge traction since the refugee crisis in 2015. A recent study showed that a stunning 60% of Brits believe in at least one conspiracy theory.” | Julia Ebner | February 2019 |
| Event 201 | “[M]y team has been monitoring the public response. And on various social media channels and cable networks, there's been some conspiracy theories that are around about the potential that pharmaceutical companies or the UN have released this for their own benefit... if conspiracy theories like this come up already, so we are on the edge of hysterical reactions.” | 18 October 2019 | |
| Global Commission for Post-Pandemic Policy | “The riots on January 6th were a reminder that conspiracy theories are not simply the purview of kooks in basements connecting the dots. For human psychology, they are a dangerous and ever-present temptation, one that through the affirming appeal of collective effort has the power to undermine democracies, overthrow governments and set history on new courses. The threat they pose is a real one, and needs to be treated as such.” | Dylan Barry | 16 July 2021 |
| Michael Gunner | “The BS that’s flying around on the internet about the territory is coming from flogs outside the territory – mostly America, Canada and the UK,” Mr Gunner told a media conference on Thursday. People who have nothing better to do than make up lies about us because their own lives are so small and so sad. If anybody thinks we’re going to be distracted by tin foil hat-wearing tossers sitting in their parents’ basement in Florida – then you do not know us Territorians” | Michael Gunner | 25 November 2021 |
| Mental health | “The logic of the conspiracy meme is to question everything the ‘establishment’ — be it government or scientists — says or does... Conspiracy theories can be useful for scientists who are so far out of the mainstream in their field that they seek to appeal to alternative funding sources or publication outlets. They also might occasionally surface when a scientist's mental health deteriorates to the point that he or she loses touch with reality.” | Ted Goertzel | 2010 |
| Mark Crispin Miller | “One definition of conspiracy theory that I favor is something that, if true, you couldn't handle it.” | Mark Crispin Miller | 27 September 2021 |
| Official narrative | “There is an Establishment history, an official history, which dominates history textbooks, trade publishing, the media and library shelves. The official line always assumes that events such as wars, revolutions, scandals, assassinations, are more or less random unconnected events. By definition events can NEVER be the result of a conspiracy, they can never result from premeditated planned group action. An excellent example is the Kennedy assassination when, within 9 hours of the Dallas tragedy, TV networks announced the shooting was NOT a conspiracy, regardless of the fact that a negative proposition can never be proven, and that the investigation had barely begun. Woe betide any book or author that falls outside the official guidelines. Foundation support is not there. Publishers get cold feet. Distribution is hit and miss, or non-existent.” | Antony Sutton | 2002 |
| Brian Paddick | “Hopefully there will be people in the police service, the security service and in government who will realise how important conspiracy theories are. And how important it is... that every attempt is made to try and counteract them.” | Brian Paddick | |
| Routledge Handbook of Conspiracy Theories | “You might think that this memorandum would be fairly central to any discussion of the current prevalence of conspiracy theories, yet is not indexed in the new Routledge Handbook of Conspiracy Theories (briefly reviewed in this issue). Which says quite a lot about said Handbook.” | Robin Ramsay | 2020 |
| Cass Sunstein | “Those who subscribe to conspiracy theories may create serious risks, including risks of violence, and the existence of such theories raises significant challenges for policy and law.” | Cass Sunstein Adrian Vermeule | 15 January 2008 |
| UK/Torture | <nowiki>“Unless we all start to believe in conspiracy theories and that the officials are lying, that I am lying, that behind this there is some kind of secret state which is in league with some dark forces in the United States, and also let me say, we believe that [[[U.S. Secretary of State]] Condoleezza Rice] is lying, there simply is no truth in the claims that the United Kingdom has been involved in rendition full stop.”</nowiki> | Jack Straw | 2005 |
| Dale Vince | “Anyone who says the climate crisis is not happening or it's not man-made, honestly, I think they're a dangerous fool, because it's like denying the Holocaust happened” | Dale Vince | 29 June 2023 |
| Zach Vorhies | “As a trained scientist I have a multifaceted view of the world based on evidence and fact. Therefore any claim that someone has fringe beliefs or theories should be checked against http://trends.google.com and see what the views of the rest of america are and what they search for. They may find that many beliefs that are slandered as fringe are actually mainstream beliefs of we-the-people.” | Zach Vorhies | |
| John Young | “Well, conspiracy theory was invented by the spies. No one does more more conspiracy theory than spies do. The national security apparatus cooks up conspiracy theories all the time, but they put out this story that is just conspiracy theory, as though it's contemptible. But in fact, they're the ones who cook up the threats that are far more complex and bizarre than anything we ordinary people could ever cook up and they get billions to fight it. So they're almost diabolically conspiratorially. So let me call myself a sceptic and I'm willing to learn, welcome criticism. I don't mind these terms of being a dissident, a conspiracy theorist. Those are all throwaway terms. (interview with RT Jan 2, 2011)” | John Young |
Related Documents
| Title | Type | Publication date | Author(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Document:911 and the Orwellian Redefinition of Conspiracy Theory | article | 20 June 2011 | Paul Craig Roberts | "While we were not watching, conspiracy theory has undergone Orwellian redefinition..." A "conspiracy theory" now refers to any ideas or facts that are out of step with the official narrative as put forward by government and the commercially controlled media. |
| Document:A 21-Truth Salute | webpage | 2 August 2011 | Zen Gardner | |
| Document:Beyond Conspiracy Theory | paper | February 2010 | Lance deHaven-Smith | The article posits a new framework for the analysis of Deep political events and Conspiracy Theories. The term SCAD (State crime against democracy) is explained and developed as a way of connecting the dots across multiple suspect events. |
| Document:Conspiracies and Conspiracism | article | 28 June 2010 | James Fetzer | This is an effective rebuttal of the claims of Chip Bertlet in his book "Toxic To Democracy: Conspiracy Theories, Demonization, & Scapegoating" which uses the terms "conspiracy theory" and "conspiracist" in the establishment's now de-rigeur pejorative sense. |
| Document:Conspiracy Theory meets Conspiracy Fact | Article | 1 April 2020 | Michael Buergermeister | This is all merely a bad dream, merely a dystopian nightmare. This has nothing to do with reality. |
| Document:Countering Criticism of the Warren Report | memo | 19 July 1968 | CIA | An explanation of how the CIA added pejorative connotations to the phrase "conspiracy theory". The document instructs spooks in the use of "propaganda assets" in the commercially-controlled media to undercut any criticism of the JFK assassination official narrative, especially suggestions that Oswald may not have been the "lone nut" as the Warren Commission claimed. |
| Document:Elites Link Anti-Government Thought to Mental Illness | webpage | 11 March 2016 | Daily Bell Staff | |
| Document:Evolution of the 9/11 Controversy From Conspiracy Theories to Conspiracy Photographs | Wikispooks Page | Donald Stahl | An examination of the photos of the World Trade Center, how clearly they contradict the claims of "collapse", and how the US government has played fast and loose with its changing 9-11/Official narrative and with the law to try to hide this fact. | |
| Document:I get abuse and threats online - why can't it be stopped? | Article | 18 October 2021 | Marianna Spring | The Disinformation Specialist at the BBC gets criticism online for her "fact checking". Internet censorship is the answer. |
| Document:MPs given guide to spotting conspiracy theories | Article | 10 May 2024 | Marianna Spring Jennifer McKiernan | Penny Mordaunt has commissioned a booklet for MPs on conspiracy theories. |
| Document:On The Psychology Of The Conspiracy Denier | Wikispooks Page | Tim Foyle | ||
| Document:The JFK Assassination - Conspiracy Phobia on the Left | book extract | 1996 | Michael Parenti | |
| Document:The State Against The Republic | webpage | 13 March 2015 | Thierry Meyssan | Meyssan's prediction that pervasive online censorship is coming |
| Document:What are 15-minute cities? The truth about the plans popping up from Oxford all the way to Melbourne | Article | 14 February 2023 | Michele Theil | 15-minute cities have become the latest "conspiracy theory". This article aims to debunk "misinformation" surrounding this public policy. |
| Document:White House Must Establish Disinformation Defense and Free Expression Task Force | open letter | 29 April 2021 | Electronic Frontier Foundation Center for American Progress Poynter Institute Free Press Access Now Public Knowledge Common Cause PEN America Andre Banks Ashley Bryant Win Black Center for Democracy & Technology Digital Democracy Project Katy Byron Simply Secure Voto Latino | A number of alleged "free-speech organizations" begging to join the US government in implementing censorship in an Orwellian-named "Free Expression Task Force". |
| Document:Why we love to hate conspiracy theories | article | 12 September 2010 | Denis Rancourt | |
| File:Cass sunstein conspiracies.pdf | paper | 15 January 2008 | Cass Sunstein Adrian Vermeule | A classic Official Narrative-type exposition of Conspiracy theory and Conspiracy Theorists with recommendations on how governments should deal with them. It is the principal source of the now widely-used expression "Cognitive Infiltration" |
| The Power of Unreason | paper | August 2010 | Jamie Bartlett Carl Miller | A critique and deconstruction of an 'Official Narrative'-type paper on 'Conspiracy Theory' from the 'think-tank' publisher Demos. It includes an exchange of correspondence between its authors and a Wikispooks editor which is continued on the discussion page. |
Official examples
Rating
9 December 2017 Robin An overview into this pejorative so beloved of the commercially-controlled mediaThe phrase "conspiracy theory", as this page demonstrates, was created by the CIA to tackle dissenting views about the culpability of Lee Harvey Oswald. It continues to try to equate scepticism in government with dangerous craziness.
References
- ↑ Document:Countering Criticism of the Warren Report
- ↑ Document:Nicholas Katzenbach on the importance of reassuring the US public about Oswald
- ↑ a b 5 minutes into the first hour of http://www.unwelcomeguests.net/561
- ↑ Countering Criticism of the Warren Report, CIA memo# 1035-960
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conspiracy_theory&oldid=817459185
- ↑ http://www.gutenberg.org/files/19104/19104-h/19104-h.htm
- ↑ a b Land of Idols, St. Martin's Press, 1994
- ↑ http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1084585
- ↑ Document:Elites Link Anti-Government Thought to Mental Illness
- ↑ "Maths study shows conspiracies 'prone to unravelling'"
- ↑ Document:The State Against The Republic
