Libya

Libya
NATO airstrikes killed 60,000 Libyan civilians in 2011
Location	Africa
Type	nation state
Subgroups	Jamahiriya el-Mukhabarat
Interest of	Sandra Barr
Member of	African Union, Arab League, Organisation of African Unity, UN
Subpage	•Libya/Prime Minister
Libya has larger proven oil reserves than any other African nation, ranking 9th in the world. It was provided with a lot of bomb making equipment in the late 1970s in the Arms for Libya clandestine weapons deal. NATO airstrikes killed 60,000 Libyan civilians in 2011.

Libya, officially the State of Libya, was recognised by the United Nations in September 2011, after two name changes during Muammar Gaddafi's tenure as leader. From 1969 to 1977, the name was the Libyan Arab Republic. Thereafter, it became the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (a term coined by Gaddafi and usually translated as "state of the masses").

In Libya, the US is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results. Despite the catastrophic effects of the 2011 military intervention, momentum seemed to be growing among western governments for further air strikes in Libya, this time against ISIS.

In January 2016, military sources briefed the commercially-controlled media that US and British Special Forces were in Libya gathering intelligence to prepare for a possible deployment of up to 6,000 US and European troops.

At PMQs in March 2016, the SNP's Angus Robertson asked David Cameron:

"There is widespread reporting that the UK government is about to commit ground troops to Libya to train government forces there. Is this true and why has Parliament not been informed?"

Cameron responded:

"If we had any plans to send conventional forces for training in Libya then of course we would come to this House and discuss it."

Arms for Libya

Full article: Arms for Libya

Between 1977 and 1981, arms dealer and deep state operative Edwin Wilson shipped almost the entire US stockpile of C-4 (plastic explosive) and flew it to Libya. Later he organised training of Muammar Gaddafi's military in bomb making, and sold them a bunch of other weapons. The CIA denied all knowledge, and a jury believed them. Wilson was freed 17 years later when a document emerged which proved that the CIA Inspector General's denial of knowledge was a complete lie.

Jews in Libya

Libya’s Jews can trace their history back some 2,500 years, long before Arab tribes ever settled the territory. Yet most left the country soon after the establishment of Israel in 1948. Anti-Jewish riots left a dozen dead and nearly 300 homes destroyed, part of the wave of anti-Jewish violence that swept the region in the aftermath of Israel’s war of independence. By 1951, the vast majority of Libyan Jews, some 30,000, had fled to Israel.

The next exodus of about 4,000 Jews occurred in the aftermath of the 1967 Six Day War. By the time Gaddafi seized power two years later, there were only 100 Jews left. He exacerbated their plight, as well as that of the Jewish exiles, by confiscating all property owned by Jews and by cancelling all debts owed to those Libyan Jews whose property had already been seized or destroyed.

However half-hearted, Gaddafi’s latter-day outreach toward his country’s exiled Jews was part of a broader public relations campaign that began in 1999, when the dictator attempted to radically alter his reputation from that of international pariah into something more respectable. That year, Gaddafi turned over two Libyan citizens to the Netherlands, where they would be tried for their role in the 1988 Pan Am Flight 103 bombing. He also expelled the Abu Nidal Organization, the terrorist group that had carried out deadly attacks on El Al ticket counters in Rome and Vienna in December 1985, and closed down the training camps that had hosted the whole panoply of terrorist groups ranging from the Irish Republican Army to the Basque ETA to the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.

The regime’s rapprochement with the Libyan Jewish community seems to have been the initiative of the dictator’s son and heir apparent, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, who, at least until the uprising began in February, was viewed by many in the West as a liberal reformer. While a doctoral candidate at the London School of Economics, Saif is said to have befriended Nat Rothschild, heir to the Jewish banking fortune, and is rumoured to have stayed at Rothschild’s Corfu villa. The Financial Times recently reported that in 2008, the Manhattan-based public relations firm Brown Lloyd James set up meetings for Saif with American Jewish leaders. Raphael Luzon isn’t surprised. He claims Saif is “friendly with a lot of rich Jews,” and the Israeli newspaper Maariv once reported that he was romantically linked to the Israeli actress Orly Weinerman.

2011 Regime Change

Full article: 2011 Attacks on Libya

Libya was on a list of seven countries which retired 4-star general Wesley Clark (former supreme commander of NATO forces in Europe 1997-2001) stated the US military had plans to invade:

In 2001, in the Pentagon, a general told me : ‘I just received a classified memo from the Secretary of Defense: we will take seven countries in five years, starting with Iraq, then Syria, Lebanon, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and finally, Iran.’

In June 2011, a group of UK citizens set up World for Libya (a UK charity) as well as World for Libya (a limited company) and World for Libya Consultants Limited. These have attracted suspicion for various reasons, including their association with Hand in Hand For Syria.

"Humanitarian intervention"

Full article: 2011 Attacks on Libya

The US and NATO launched unprovoked attacks on Libya in 2011, killing an estimated 60,000 Libyan civilians, terming this supreme crime an act of "humanitarian intervention". In a May 2011 interview with RT, researcher Ian R. Crane claimed that the Arab Spring was a false flag from the outset and that Libya was the ultimate goal all along.

Consequences

"Within the next several years, Libya began to look not so much like the lucky beneficiary of R2P as its abject victim. Yes, Gaddafi was gone, but the decapitation of the Libyan state that his removal represented resulted in waves of armed violence and an enveloping political and economic chaos that not even the mainstream media could ignore."

Libya "has been wrecked, not saved, by the UN’s intervention, and any freedom its citizens enjoy is purely of a formalistic and empty kind."Thus, in assessing the harm that has resulted from wrecking the Libyan state, the question to ask is not whether Libya had previously been a dictatorship, but whether Libya had been a place where men and women had been able to enjoy a common life. And the answer was: “Yes, it had been such a place.”

Gold reserves

Libya ranked 24th for global gold reserves (March 2011)

In March 2011, Gaddafi's Libya had declared gold reserves worth more than $6 billion at the then current prices. At nearly 144 tonnes, the reserves were ranked in the global top 25, according to International Monetary Fund (IMF) data.

By August 2011, it was reported:

"Following a 6-month stalemate in which neither side had attained any advantage, it suddenly took just a few days for the Libyan rebel forces to steamroll unopposed into Tripoli. While we are confident that the political aftermath of this outcome will be very much comparable to what is happening in Egypt right now, many wonder why it is that the Libyan situation has progressed with such speed.

"Perhaps the answer can be found in the 143.8 tonnes of gold held by the Libyan Central Bank.

"Global central banks were reported to be carving up Africa’s most oil-rich nation while simultaneously divvying up around 144 tonnes of gold bullion – which might go some way to repaying Hugo Chavez after his announcement that Venezuela is to nationalise its precious metals industry. Unless of course Chavez becomes the next head on the chopping block for another 'humanitarian intervention'."

Libyan Investment Authority

Full article: Libyan Investment Authority

The Libyan Investment Authority (LIA) claims to control $67 billion of Libya's sovereign wealth. Control of the LIA is disputed between AbdulMagid Breish who has an office in Tripoli where he says he is the LIA Chairman; and, Hassan Bouhadi who runs another LIA head office from Malta, also claiming to be Chairman.

On 7 March 2016, adjourning a case in London’s High Court over the leadership claims of Breish and Bouhadi, the two rival heads of the LIA, Judge William Blair declared it would be premature to rule while moves were afoot to form a Government of National Accord in Libya.

The Future

The 2021 Libyan presidential election will determine the direction Libya goes in. Candidates include Gaddafi's son Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, and Prime Minister Abdul Hamid al-Dabaiba.

 

Related Quotations

Page	Quote	Author	Date
Arms for Libya	“Libya is the principal sponsor of terrorism. It finances terrorist acts, it trains terrorist groups, it supplies arms, ammunition, passports and other documents to terrorists, and it uses its embassies, so-called peoples' bureaus, as weapons store-houses and sanctuaries for terrorists. Recently, Libya has been escalating its involvement in terrorism.”		1986
Mario Borghezio	“Gaddafi was a great leader, a true revolutionary who should not be confused with the new Libyan leadership swept into power by NATO's bayonets and by oil multinationals”	Mario Borghezio	2011
Wesley Clark	“In 2001, in the Pentagon, a general told me : ‘I just received a classified memo from the Secretary of Defense: we will take seven countries in five years, starting with Iraq, then Syria, Lebanon, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and finally, Iran.’”	Wesley Clark	2 March 2007

 

Events

Event	Description
2011 Attacks on Libya	"Perhaps one of the most egregious examples of US military aggression and lawlessness in recent memory", carried out under a pretext of "humanitarian intervention".
2012 Benghazi attack
Arms for Libya	Around 20 tonnes of C-4 plastic explosive, training in bomb making, together with thousands of rifles, handguns & other weapons sold by a CIA operative to Muammar Gaddaffi's Libya in the late 1970s - early 1980s. Then "the biggest arms-dealing case in U.S. history", still lacking its own page on Wikipedia as of 2020.
Contaminated blood affair	For several years in the 1980s France knowingly exported tainted blood, killing thousands.

 

Citizens of Libya on Wikispooks

Title	Born	Died	Description
Hassan Assali			Libyan living in UK convicted in 1985 of constructing electronic timers in contravention of the Explosives Substances Act. Conviction quashed on appeal in December 2005.
Nader Elhamessi	August 1974		Spooky businessman who "randomly" sat next to Saleyha Ahsan, co-founded World for Libya
Faraj Hassan	1980	16 August 2010	A supporter of Aafia Siddiqui
Moussa Koussa	23 March 1949		Libya's former intelligence chief who abandoned his country before the Western attack in 2011.
Abdelbaset al-Megrahi	1 April 1952	20 May 2012
Radwan Mortada	1984		Libyan-Lebanese journalist and filmmaker.
Alaa Murabit			Gates foundation health functionary
Iman al-Obeidi	1982		Received worldwide media attention during the Western bombing campaign of Libya when she burst into the restaurant of the Rixos Hotel in Tripoli and told the international press corps there that Libyan troops had beaten and gang-raped her.
Ali al-Salabi	1963		Played a key role in providing the rebels in the 2011 Libyan Civil War with Qatari money and arms.
Abdullah al-Senussi	5 December 1949

 

Event Participated in

Event	Start	End	Location(s)	Description
Bandung Conference	1955	1955	Indonesia	Important conference for the global south; participants soon became prime targets for US foreign policy

 

Related Documents

Title	Type	Publication date	Author(s)	Description
Document:Ed Miliband’s decision to oppose military action against Syria is an action of statesmanship of which Britons will be proud	Article	28 August 2013	Michael Meacher	It is all very well to rush to war in a surge of moral outrage, it is quite another to spell out clearly what are the war objectives and how exactly they are to be achieved.
Document:Libya: Fine, but why Britain	article	20 March 2011	Brian Barder	David Cameron seemingly Gung Ho on toppling the Libyan leader, Muammar Gaddafi, while Barack Obama takes a back seat
Document:NATO destroys yet another country	article	26 August 2011	Madhav Das Nalapat
Document:Niyirah al-Sabah’s Story	article	28 August 2011	Sandra Barr	Niyirah al-Sabah presenting her lies about Saddam Hussein's troops taking babies out of incubators that led to the Iraq War and Iman al-Obeidi claiming she was gang-raped by Muammar Gaddafi's forces justifying the 2011 Attacks on Libya
Document:State Failure - the Conservative Government, Westminster and Britain	Article	14 September 2016	John S Warren	Foreign Affairs Committee report says ex-PM David Cameron was responsible for appalling policy blunders in Libya that helped create a failed state on the verge of civil war. His (synchronised) resignation is all about appearances.
Document:The Syrian Protest Movement and its Historical Context	article	29 April 2011	Mazda Majidi
Document:World War and the Russia-China Veto	Article	10 February 2012	Carla Stea	A discussion of the unrest in Syria. It goes on to detail the appalling and ongoing abuses of human rights in post-Gaddafi Libya - the direct result of the 2011 UNSCR 1973, and the military action it was deemed by NATO to authorise. These abuses, carried out by NATO installed proxies, arguably worse than anything happening in Syria, are a stark warning of what Syrians can expect should NATO succeed in its agenda of "Regime change".
File:DIA-287.pdf	report	12 August 2012	DIA	A declassified DIA document which clearly demonstrates that the rise of ISIS in the Middle East was planned and facilitated by the US Government - as later admitted by DIA director Michael T. Flynn.
File:Leaked-UN-Plan-for-Post-Gadhafi-Libya.pdf	memo	9 August 2011		An internal UN memo on the plan for UN involvement in 'post-conflict' Libya. It was obtained and first published by Innercitypress.com on 29 August 2011. Its authenticity is not verified but its contents indicate that it probably is a genuine UN document.
File:Sinjar-records final.pdf	report	December 2007	Joseph Felter Brian Fishman
File:UN-Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.pdf	report	4 January 2011	UN Working Group	The report of the UN Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, established in accordance with Human Rights Council resolution 5/1.
Document:Fourth Meeting of the Libya Contact Group	article	15 July 2011	Unknown

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