Difference between revisions of "1903"
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| − | |image_caption=The Wright Flyer | + | |image_caption=The Wright Flyer,a heavier than air craft first flew in 1903. |
| + | |description-The United States exerts its dominance in the Caribbean | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | == | + | ==Events== |
| − | The | + | * [[January 1]] – [[Edward VII]] is proclaimed [[Emperor of India]]. |
| + | * [[January 19]] – The first west–east transatlantic radio broadcast is made from the United States to England (the first east–west broadcast having been made in [[1901#December|1901]]). | ||
| + | * [[February 13]] – [[Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03|Venezuelan crisis]]: After agreeing to arbitration in Washington, [[Britain]], [[Germany]] and [[Italy]] reach a settlement with Venezuela, resulting in [[the Washington Protocols]]. The naval blockade that began in [[1902]] will end. | ||
| + | * [[February 23]] – [[Cuba]] leases [[Guantánamo Bay]] to the United States "in perpetuity". | ||
| + | * [[March 5]] – The [[Ottoman Empire]] and the [[German Empire]] sign an agreement to build the [[Baghdad Railway|Constantinople–Baghdad Railway]]. | ||
| + | * [[March 14]] – The [[Hay–Herrán Treaty]], granting the United States the right to build the [[Panama Canal]], is ratified by the [[United States Senate]]. The Colombian Senate later rejects the treaty. | ||
| + | * [[June 11]] ([[May 29]] [[old style and new style dates|O.S.]]) – [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbia]]n King [[Alexander I of Serbia|Alexander Obrenović]] and [[Draga Mašin|Queen Draga]] are [[May Coup (Serbia)|assassinated]] in [[Belgrade]], by the [[Black Hand (Serbia)|Black Hand (Crna Ruka)]] organization. | ||
| + | * [[June 16]] – The [[Ford Motor Company]] is founded by [[Henry Ford]] with $28,000 in cash from twelve investors. The first president is not Ford, but local banker [[John S. Gray (Michigan)|John S. Gray]], who is chosen to assuage investors' fears that Ford would leave the new company the way he had left its predecessor. | ||
| + | * [[July 7]] – The [[British Empire|British]] take over the [[Fulani Empire]]. | ||
| + | * [[July 30]]–[[August 23]] – The [[2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party|Second Congress]] of the All-[[Russian Social Democratic Labour Party]] is held in [[exile]] in [[Brussels]], transferring to London. | ||
| + | * [[August 2]] – The [[Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising]], organized by the [[Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization|Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization]], breaks out in the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] provinces of [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]] and [[Adrianople Vilayet|Adrianople]]. | ||
| + | * [[September 14]] – [[Joseph Chamberlain]] resigns as British [[Secretary of State for the Colonies|Colonial Secretary]], in order to campaign publicly for [[Imperial Preference]]. | ||
| + | * [[November 3]] – [[Separation of Panama from Colombia]]: With the 'encouragement' of the United States, [[Panama]] proclaims itself independent of [[Colombia]]. | ||
| + | * [[November 13]] – The United States recognizes the [[Separation of Panama from Colombia|independence of Panama]]. | ||
| + | * [[November 17]] – The [[Russian Social Democratic Labour Party]] splits into two groups: the [[Bolsheviks]] (Russian for "majority") and [[Mensheviks]] (Russian for "minority"). | ||
| + | * [[November 18]] – The [[Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty]] is signed by the United States and [[Panama]], giving the U.S. exclusive rights over the [[Panama Canal Zone]]. | ||
| + | * [[November 23]] – [[Colorado]] Governor [[James Hamilton Peabody]] sends the state militia into the town of [[Cripple Creek, Colorado|Cripple Creek]] to break up a miners' strike. | ||
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{{SMWDocs}} | {{SMWDocs}} | ||
| − | {{ | + | ==References== |
| + | {{reflist}} | ||
Latest revision as of 07:02, 28 March 2021
 ( 1900s: )  1903    | |
|---|---|
 The Wright Flyer,a heavier than air craft first flew in 1903. |
Events
- January 1 – Edward VII is proclaimed Emperor of India.
- January 19 – The first west–east transatlantic radio broadcast is made from the United States to England (the first east–west broadcast having been made in 1901).
- February 13 – Venezuelan crisis: After agreeing to arbitration in Washington, Britain, Germany and Italy reach a settlement with Venezuela, resulting in the Washington Protocols. The naval blockade that began in 1902 will end.
- February 23 – Cuba leases Guantánamo Bay to the United States "in perpetuity".
- March 5 – The Ottoman Empire and the German Empire sign an agreement to build the Constantinople–Baghdad Railway.
- March 14 – The Hay–Herrán Treaty, granting the United States the right to build the Panama Canal, is ratified by the United States Senate. The Colombian Senate later rejects the treaty.
- June 11 (May 29 O.S.) – Serbian King Alexander Obrenović and Queen Draga are assassinated in Belgrade, by the Black Hand (Crna Ruka) organization.
- June 16 – The Ford Motor Company is founded by Henry Ford with $28,000 in cash from twelve investors. The first president is not Ford, but local banker John S. Gray, who is chosen to assuage investors' fears that Ford would leave the new company the way he had left its predecessor.
- July 7 – The British take over the Fulani Empire.
- July 30–August 23 – The Second Congress of the All-Russian Social Democratic Labour Party is held in exile in Brussels, transferring to London.
- August 2 – The Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising, organized by the Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization, breaks out in the Ottoman provinces of Macedonia and Adrianople.
- September 14 – Joseph Chamberlain resigns as British Colonial Secretary, in order to campaign publicly for Imperial Preference.
- November 3 – Separation of Panama from Colombia: With the 'encouragement' of the United States, Panama proclaims itself independent of Colombia.
- November 13 – The United States recognizes the independence of Panama.
- November 17 – The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party splits into two groups: the Bolsheviks (Russian for "majority") and Mensheviks (Russian for "minority").
- November 18 – The Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty is signed by the United States and Panama, giving the U.S. exclusive rights over the Panama Canal Zone.
- November 23 – Colorado Governor James Hamilton Peabody sends the state militia into the town of Cripple Creek to break up a miners' strike.
Events
| Event | Start | End |
|---|---|---|
| Pax Brittanica | 1815 | 1915 |
| Dreyfus Affair | November 1894 | 1906 |
New Groups
| Group | Image | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Bolsheviks |  | Politics | The majority faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. |
| Mensheviks |  | One of the three dominant factions in the Russian socialist movement before 1917, tending to be more liberal. | |
| Hubert Burda Media | | ||
| Western Michigan University |  | Public | Public university in Kalamazoo, Michigan |
| Ford Motor Company | | American multinational automobile manufacturer |
New Website
| Event | Image | URL | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| South China Morning Post |  | https://www.scmp.com/ | Newspaper based in Hong Kong |
==A Quotation==
A Death
| Title | Born | Died | Place of death | Summary | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil | 3 February 1830 | 22 August 1903 | Hatfield UK | Politician | Three time UK Prime Minister |
Births
| Title | Born | Place of birth | Died | Summary | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frank Mitchell | 1903 | 1978 | Propagandist | UK propagandist, headed the news division of the British Information Services in New York 1947-1952 | |
| Earl E. T. Smith | 1903 | 1991 | |||
| Michael Eddowes | 1903 | 1992 | |||
| Pierre Bonvoisin | 1903 | 1982 | Banker Belgian nobility | Attended the first Bilderberg and three more. Société Générale de Belgique. Councilor to King Baudouin. Father of Benoît de Bonvoisin | |
| Robert Calkins | 1903 | US Lebanon Connecticut | July 1992 | ||
| Charles Foulkes | 3 January 1903 | United Kingdom Stockton-on-Tees | 12 September 1969 | Soldier | Canadian soldier who attended the 1961 Bilderberg |
| André Voisin | 7 January 1903 | France Dieppe | 21 December 1964 | Chemist Farmer | French chemist who attended the first Bilderberg and two others. Died suddenly of a heart attack in Cuba |
| Alan Paton | 11 January 1903 | Natal Pietermaritzburg | 12 April 1988 | Author Activist | |
| Jorge Eliécer Gaitán | 23 January 1903 | 9 April 1948 | Politician | Colombian presidential candidate assassinated by the CIA in 1948 | |
| Gardner Cowles | 31 January 1903 | US Iowa Algona | 8 July 1985 | Media mogul Media executive | US media mogul involved with a number of CIA-front organizations. Attended the 1954 Bilderberg Conference. |
| Alberico Casardi | 3 February 1903 | Siena | 1 March 1968 | Diplomat | Italian diplomat. Unlike many NATO Deputy Secretary Generals, he is not suspected to have been a Bilderberg member. |
| Nathan Witt | 11 February 1903 | New York United States | 16 February 1982 | Spook Lawyer | |
| Christopher Steel | 12 February 1903 | 17 September 1973 | |||
| Huntington D. Sheldon | 14 February 1903 | Connecticut Greenwich | 19 May 1987 | Spook Banker Pilot | As Director of the Office of Current Intelligence, Sheldon briefed three Presidents with the became the President's Daily Brief |
| Orde Wingate | 26 February 1903 | 24 March 1944 | Soldier Special forces | ||
| Clare Boothe Luce | 10 March 1903 | New York United States | 9 October 1987 | Author Politician | |
| Malcolm Muggeridge | 24 March 1903 | United Kingdom Surrey Sanderstead | 14 November 1990 | Author Spook Journalist | |
| Robert Strausz-Hupé | 25 March 1903 | Austria | 24 February 2002 | Diplomat Deep state functionary | Austrian-born U.S. diplomat and geopolitical theorist |
| Jan Tinbergen | 12 April 1903 | Netherlands The Hague | 9 June 1994 | Academic Economist | Dutch economist who was awarded the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1969 |
| Hans Jonas | 10 May 1903 | Germany Kingdom of Prussia Mönchengladbach | 5 February 1993 | Philosopher | German-born American Jewish philosopher |
| Ugo La Malfa | 16 May 1903 | Italy Sicily Palermo | 26 March 1979 | Politician | Italian politician |
| Ralph Yarborough | 8 June 1903 | US Texas Chandler Henderson County | Politician Lawyer | ||
| Pasquale Saraceno | 14 June 1903 | 13 May 1991 | Economist Deep state operative | Italian Christian Democrat economist. Very unusual Bilderberg Steering committee member in that he only attended a single Bilderberg. | |
| Felix von Eckardt | 18 June 1903 | Germany Berlin | 11 May 1979 | Journalist Politician Deep state operative | Important aide to Chancellor Konrad Adenauer |
| John Dillinger | 22 June 1903 | United States Indianapolis Indiana | 22 July 1934 | Criminal | Dillinger destroyed thousands of mortgage records during his bank robberies. J. Edgar Hoover used Dillinger and his gang as his campaign platform to evolve the BOI into the Federal Bureau of Investigation. |
| Paul Martin Sr | 23 June 1903 | 14 September 1992 | Diplomat Politician | Bilderberg, as was his son | |
| George Orwell | 25 June 1903 | India Motihari Bengal Presidency | 21 January 1950 | Author Journalist | |
| Ludwig Rosenberg | 29 June 1903 | Charlottenburg | 23 October 1977 | Union organizer | German-Jewish trade unionist. Worked in the International Department of the British Foreign Office during World War 2 during exile. Attended two more Bilderbergs in the 1950s after the first one. Leader of the German Trade Union Confederation 1962-1969. |
| Alec Douglas-Home | 2 July 1903 | London United Kingdom 28 South Street Mayfair | 9 October 1995 | Politician Deep politician | UK Prime Minister. Bilderberg chairman. Member of the Other Club |
| Kenneth Clark | 13 July 1903 | London United Kingdom | 21 May 1983 | Author Broadcaster Art historian | British art historian, museum director, and broadcaster. |
| Carlos Prio | 14 July 1903 | Cuba Bahia Honda | 5 April 1977 | Politician HSCA/Premature deaths | Ex-Cuban president "suicided" before testifying before the House Select Committee on Assassinations |
| Estes Kefauver | 26 July 1903 | Tennessee Madisonville | 10 August 1963 | Politician | US Senator who partially exposed organized crime - was at the same time blackmailed by the Chicago mob. |
| Fahri Korutürk | 3 August 1903 | Turkey Istanbul | 12 October 1987 | Diplomat Politician Mariner | Turkish admiral, diplomat and politician who was president of Turkey 1973-1980. Presided over the 1974 Turkish Invasion of Cyprus |
| Marcello Mathias | 15 August 1903 | Portugal Lisbon | 9 June 1999 | Author Diplomat Politician | Estado Novo Portuguese diplomat who attended Bilderberg/1962 and Bilderberg/1963. |
| Harold Goulding | 21 August 1903 | West Hartlepool | 4 August 1945 | Spook Mariner | Master mariner, spook and commander of the Special Boat Unit Headquarters who carried out "very secret work". Interest centers on the final month of the war, when Goulding was purportedly posted to Cardiff. Died of meningitis in an Edinburgh hospital 3 months later after another unexpected posting to Scotland. |
| Auguste Cool | 28 August 1903 | Belgium Sint-Niklaas | 7 January 1983 | Leader of the Labour Party Deep state operative | Belgian anti-communist labour leader and suspected deep state operative. |
| William Walton Butterworth | 7 September 1903 | 31 March 1975 | Diplomat | American diplomat to China, and to Canada during the 1963 regime change. | |
| Bernice Eddy | 30 September 1903 | 24 May 1989 | Virologist | ||
| Tekin Ariburun | 3 October 1903 | Turkey Ishtib | 13 October 1993 | Soldier Businessperson | Attended the 1959 Bilderberg as Commander of the Turkish Air Force. Retired in 1960 because he was against the military coup. Briefly acting President of Turkey in 1973. |
| Ferenc Nagy | 8 October 1903 | Austria-Hungary Bisse | 12 June 1979 | Politician | Prime Minister of Hungary 1946-1947 |
| Charles P. Cabell | 11 October 1903 | Dallas Texas | 25 May 1971 | Spook | |
| Etienne de la Vallee Poussin | 23 November 1903 | Belgium Brussels | 4 October 1996 | Politician | Belgian politician who attended the first Bilderberg and three more in the 1950s |
| Livingston T. Merchant | 23 November 1903 | 15 May 1976 | Diplomat Deep state operative | Twice US Ambassador to Canada | |
| Chet Holifield | 3 December 1903 | 6 February 1995 | Politician Businessperson | Double Bilderberger US politician. Strong proponent of all matters nuclear | |
| James Russell Wiggins | 4 December 1903 | Minnesota Luverne | 19 November 2000 | Diplomat Editor | |
| Sherman Kent | 6 December 1903 | 11 March 1986 | Spook Academic |
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