Difference between revisions of "Manuel Noriega"

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{{person
 
{{person
|constitutes=soldier
+
|constitutes=soldier, politician, puppet leader
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Noriega
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Noriega
 +
|image=Noriega time.png
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|death_cause=brain tumor
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|death_date=May 29, 2017
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|image_caption=For a year or two, Noriega was [[enemy image|enemy image number 1]]
 
|spouses=Felicidad Sieiro de Noriega
 
|spouses=Felicidad Sieiro de Noriega
 
|alma_mater=Chorrillos Military School, School of the Americas
 
|alma_mater=Chorrillos Military School, School of the Americas
 
|birth_date=11 February 1934
 
|birth_date=11 February 1934
 +
|ON_constitutes=Drug trafficker
 
|birth_name=Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno
 
|birth_name=Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno
 
|birth_place=Panama City, Republic of Panama
 
|birth_place=Panama City, Republic of Panama
 
|children=3
 
|children=3
 +
|religion=Roman Catholicism
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|description=A puppet leader being used in [[CIA Drug trafficking]].
 
|employment={{job
 
|employment={{job
 
|title=Maximum Leader of National Liberation
 
|title=Maximum Leader of National Liberation
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}}
 
}}
 
}}
 
}}
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'''Manuel Noriega''' nicknamed ''Pineapple Face'' for his acné<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/manuel-noriega-panama-dictor-dead-cia-murder-medellin-cartel-drugs-us-war-a7762846.html</ref> was the right hand man of assassinated strongman [[Omar Torrijos]] and Panamanian [[military officer]] and [[politician]], who was de facto ruler of Panama from [[1983]] until [[1989]]. Although funded, educated, trained and protected by the [[CIA]] and 3<ref>https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Manuel_Noriega#De_facto_ruler_of_Panama</ref> [[US presidents]]<ref>https://www.grunge.com/338237/the-messed-up-history-of-the-school-of-the-americas/</ref><ref>https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1991/05/31/noriega-worked-for-cia/</ref><ref>https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB2/index.html</ref>, Noriega was removed in a [[US]] invasion in [[1989]].<Ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/1990/01/28/the-case-against-noriega/662de270-d2e3-40ce-9466-511fb79398bf/</ref>
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==Career==
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{{FA|CIA/Drug trafficking}}
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===Kid rape===
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Noriega - coming from a poor family - failed to get into medical school before joining the National Guard. In the guard he would abuse girls while on the job. In [[1963]], he had been accused of raping a sex worker in his patrol car and a few years later he [[rape]]d a teenage girl. The last scandal got him reassigned to a remote region, but he was never sentenced. An editorial in the [[NYT]] suggested that was because of protection from higher ups in the military.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/12/opinion/two-noriegas-trafficker-law-enforcer.html</ref><Ref>https://www.grunge.com/1267655/manuel-noriega-messed-up-details-notorious-dictator/</ref>
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Noriega rose through the ranks of the Panamanian Defense Forces (PDF) and became a key figure in Panamanian politics and military leadership.
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===School of the Americas===
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{{FA|School of the Americas}}
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The [[School of the Americas]] was established in 1946 under the name Latin American Training Center - Ground Division in the extra-territorial canal zone of Panama. Its task was a sorts of [[deep state recruitment]] centre through military training of Latin American military personnel and military advisors. During the [[Cold War]], the focus set in [[ccm]] shifted towards preventing the spread of [[communism]] in [[Latin America]] with the famous [[polarising perspective]] known as the ([[domino theory]]). After the [[Panama Canal Treaty]] of [[1977]] and under pressure from the Panamanian government, the location in the [[extraterritorial]] canal zone was given up in [[1984]] and relocated to Fort Benning. Noriega was recruited as a [[CIA]] informant while studying at a military academy in [[Peru]]. He received intelligence and [[counterintelligence]] training at the School of the Americas at [[Fort Gulick]], Panama, in [[1967]], as well as a course in [[psychological operations]] at [[Fort Bragg]], [[North Carolina]].
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After a military coup in [[1968]], Noriega quickly rose through the ranks and became head of Panama's military intelligence and a key figure under General [[Omar Torrijos]], the military ruler who signed a treaty with the US to restore the Panama canal zone to Panamanian sovereignty in 1977. Torrijos died in a very strange plane crash after which Noriega became increasingly skill-full in using his SOTA's torturing techniques while working hand in hand with other drug kingpins including [[Pablo Escobar]] setting up a sort of [[CIA]] network, funding the [[CIA/Black budget]] with all sorts of SOTA-alumni throughout [[South America]].<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/apr/27/manuel-noriega-us-friend-foe</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/30/530666952/former-panamanian-dictator-manuel-noriega-dies-at-83</ref>
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{{YouTubeVideo
 +
|code=bBDwTQQ3rcU
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|align=left
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|width=500px
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|caption=How the CIA Created a Cocaine Dictator - [[VICE NEWS]]
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In December 1989, 25,00 US troops invaded the small, Central American republic of Panama.
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But this was not a war against some communist regime or terrorist group – this was a drugs bust, aimed at arresting Manuel Noriega, the dictator of [[Panama]], who was wanted on trafficking charges in Miami.
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Awkwardly for the US, Noriega had been a major CIA asset for decades – even as they knew he was becoming massively embedded with the cartels flooding the streets of the US with coke.
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This is how US intelligence shielded [[Noriega]], even as he trafficked cocaine and laundered cartel millions – and also how the War on Drugs came to replace the Cold War as the central feature of US foreign policy.
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|date=2021
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}}
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===Early CIA friend===
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[[File:Screenshot 2023-09-03 at 13-14-44 Panama's former dictator Manuel Noriega – a life in pictures.png|500px|thumb|right|[[Bush Sr]] and Noriega sitting peacefully together in [[1983]]. [[The Guardian]] - 2010]]
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Noriega's relationship with U.S. intelligence began in the 1950s when he was a young military officer. At the time, the United States saw him as a valuable asset in the region due to his knowledge of [[Panama]]'s political landscape and his willingness to assist in anti-communist efforts during the [[Cold War]].<ref>https://amerykalacinska.com/resources/html/article/details?id=230601&language=en</ref>
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Manuel Noriega worked with the [[CIA]] and U.S. [[intelligence agencies]] primarily because of his early cooperation, his strategic importance due to [[Panama]]'s location, and his role in providing intelligence on [[communists]] movements in [[Latin America]] during the [[Cold War]]. However - officially - his involvement in [[drug trafficking]] and [[human rights]] abuses eventually turned local [[media]] and populations against him.
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<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160306184653/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-18/news/mn-16512_1_noriega/3</ref><ref>https://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_7311_20811152_2022_116_03/c/articles-2148016.pdf.pdf</ref> [[Bush Sr]] - was still reported in declassified (and perhaps sanitised) trip reports of not knowing what Noriega did with or how he funded the economy there, as Bush during his promotion from his [[China]] CIA office "turned over the agency to a group of [[conservative]] hawks, who contaminated its analysis of Soviet power".<ref>https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/cia-rdp99-01448r000401580045-2</ref>
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Noriega provided information to the [[CIA]] about [[socialist]]s movements and political developments in Latin America, particularly in countries such as [[Nicaragua]], [[El Salvador]], and [[Guatemala]]. In this form, Noriega's operation greatly facilitated the infamous [[Contras]] in Latin America later on. Noriega set up relay stations to let the CIA spy on Nicaraguan targets and allowed the US to virtually tap every place of entry from [[airports]] to telephone stations.<ref>https://abcnews.go.com/International/panamanian-dictator-manuel-noriegas-complex-us-ties-lessons/story?id=47722429</ref><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/12/opinion/two-noriegas-trafficker-law-enforcer.html</ref>
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==Loose Cannon or True to the mission?==
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Around [[1972]] the U.S. were reported to increasingly let more people in Panama let go in investigations, possibly as a result of an agreement between Torrijos and U.S. President [[Richard Nixon]]. Noriega according to [[journalist]] John Dinges - Noriega was using his ''SOTA'' training to execute the most trivial of opponents on a [[Phoenix program]] style level of skill. Priests arguing for less drug trafficking were thrown out of helicopters, Noriega began selling info to the countries he had relay stations for the CIA set up for - including [[Cuba]], which in part, caused the [[Jimmy Carter]] administration to stop funding after President [[Gerald Ford]] already halted the funding - alleged up to $100.000 a year of Noriega (which increased to $11 million at the end of his reign)<ref>https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1990/05/20/u-s-likely-to-reveal-how-much-noriega-was-paid/</ref>
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During negotiations for the Panama Canal treaties, the U.S. government ordered its military intelligence to wiretap Panamanian officials. Noriega discovered this operation in early [[1976]], played a double bluff, bought the tapes and attempted to blackmail the CIA, who named it the "Singing Sergeants affair". [[Bush Sr]] - fresh new head of the [[CIA]], did not report this incident to either the [[National Security Agency]] or the [[U.S. Justice Department]], to keep Noriega's contacts with the CIA private. At this point, Noriega became a sort of double agent, even leaking to the [[KGB]], placing the cold war narratives in question. In [[1986]], the East German [[Stasi]] and the Danish ship Pia Vesta tried to sell [[Soviet Union]] [[weapons]] and [[military]] [[vehicles]] to [[South Africa]]'s [[Armscor]].<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/28/us/bush-and-noriega-examination-of-their-ties.html?pagewanted=all</ref><ref>https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-01-16-mn-262-story.html</ref>
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After [[Jimmy Carter]] oversaw several failed coup attempts in the increasingly more unstable country, Noriega revoked the rights of the country to hold elections and declared himself "Maximum leader" of the country. U.S. Defense Secretary [[Dick Cheney]] - who never escaped these kind of stories in American history - was alleged to have refused to help the 1989 [[coup]] attempt.<ref>http://articles.latimes.com/1989-10-06/news/mn-666_1_coup-attempt</ref>
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===SOTA Executions or Scheming Bush?===
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{{FA|Document:The Man Who Sold the War}}
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{{SMWQ
 +
|subjects=George H. W. Bush,Iran-Contra
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|text=I’ve got [[George H. W. Bush|Bush]] by the balls
 +
|date=1988
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|source_URL=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/the-dirty-secrets-of-george-bush-71927/
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}}
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====Spadafora====
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[[Military officer]] [[Hugo Spadafora]] had reported on Noriega's involvement in the huge [[cocaine]] importation into the US through collaboration with Colombian drug lords [[Carlos Lehder]] and Pablo Escobar. Weeks later, Spadafora torso was discovered inside a sizable [[USPS]] mail bag. A butcher's knife had sawn off his head, which was never discovered. According to [[Gary Webb]]'s [[Dark Alliance]]: "His body bore evidence of unimaginable tortures. The thigh muscles had been neatly sliced so he could not close his legs, and then something had been jammed up his rectum, tearing it apart. His testicles were swollen horribly, the result of prolonged garrotting, his ribs were broken, and then, while he was still alive, his head had been sawed off with a butcher's knife.<Ref>https://jimdo-storage.global.ssl.fastly.net/file/ce6c11f8-d326-438f-b6d4-4a7876ecde87/nadubakasezufivurezola.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/manuel-noriega-panama-dictor-dead-cia-murder-medellin-cartel-drugs-us-war-a7762846.html</ref>
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<ref>http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1933053_1933052_1933051,00.html</ref><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/12/opinion/two-noriegas-trafficker-law-enforcer.html</ref>
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{{SMWQ
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|subjects=Panama, Noriega, NSA, Columbia, Naxi, 1985, 1992
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|text=In 1992, Noriega was tried and convicted on eight drug trafficking and conspiracy counts in federal court in Miami. His 40-year sentence was reduced by 10 years after a former CIA station chief and a former U.S. ambassador spoke on his behalf.
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By that time, I had already begun investigating the story. I found more than reasonable doubt about his guilt. The government prosecuted the case with the testimony of 26 convicted drug traffickers who received plea bargains that allowed them to get out of prison and, in some cases, keep their [[drug]] profits. One of them was Carlos Lehder, a neo-[[Nazi]] from [[Colombia]], then the most important trafficker ever captured by the United States. He had never met Noriega—and neither had the other dealers who testified against him.
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U.S. District Judge William Hoeveler, who tried the case, invited me to his home after Noriega's conviction and sentencing for a series of unusual talks in which he expressed concern about how the trial and verdict would be judged. "I hope, in the end, we'll be able to say that justice was served," he said. He and other U.S. officials took solace in the fact that even if the drug conviction was questionable, Noriega was clearly a murderer.
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But the sources I interviewed raised serious questions about one charge against him. In [[1993]], Noriega was convicted in absentia in Panama of conspiracy in the [[1985]] [[murder]] of Hugo Spadafora, a political protégé turned opponent. A key piece of evidence was that the [[National Security Agency]] had intercepted a remote [[telephone]] communication in which Noriega allegedly ordered the killing: "What do you do with a rabid dog?... You cut off its head."
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Multiple U.S. sources told me the intercept did not exist. They said the NSA did not have the capability at that time to capture communications between Noriega—who was in France when Spadafora was killed—and his minions in the Panamanian jungle. I determined that the charges had been made up in part by a Panamanian [[newspaper]] columnist and author, Guillermo Sánchez Borbón. He admitted to me he could cite no source for reporting the killing of Spadafora in a book, In the Time of the Tyrants, that he co-wrote with an American expatriate, [[Richard Koster]]. "It is a political book, not a historical [[book]]," Sanchez Borbón said. "It has its inexactitudes."
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|date=2017
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|authors=Peter Eisner
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|source_URL=https://www.newsweek.com/2017/04/14/donald-trump-george-hw-bush-fall-panama-noriega-570478.html
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|source_name=Newsweek
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}}
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However, Noriega's relationship with the United States deteriorated in the late [[1980s]], as ''if it had to happen'', including painting a view of him growing out of control. In December [[1989]] - one year after dropping him from their payroll, the CIA gave green light and the United States invaded Panama in an operation called "[[Operation Just Cause]]," with the [[official narrative]] of capturing Noriega and "bringing him to justice".<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2opo34UFKo</ref>
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In [[1989]], shortly after his last election, President [[George H.W. Bush]] signed a highly secret "finding" authorising the [[CIA]] to funnel $10 million to opposition forces in Panama to overthrow Noriega. Reluctant to involve agency personnel directly, the CIA turned to the [[Rendon Group]]. Rendon's job was to work behind the scenes, using a variety of campaign and [[psychological techniques]] to put the CIA's choice, Guillermo Endara, into the presidential palace. Cash from the agency, laundered through various [[bank accounts]] and [[front organizations]], would end up in Endara's hands, who would then pay Rendon.<ref>https://wikispooks.com/wiki/Document:The_Man_Who_Sold_the_War</ref>
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==Arrest==
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{{YouTubeVideo
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|code=a2opo34UFKo
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|align=left
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|width=500px
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|caption=Tyrants and Dictators - Manuel Noriega - Miliary Doc.
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|date=2021
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}}
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{{FA|Invasion of Panama}}
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{{SMWQ
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|subjects=Iran-Contra, Pentagon, Asset, US, Panama, Operation Just Cause, 1980s
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|text=He was a pawn in an international game that was way bigger than him and he certainly paid dearly," said Barbara Trent, a filmmaker who directed "The Panama Deception," a 1992 documentary about the U.S. invasion.
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"He was a small-time player catapulted to international fame by the U.S. government and the media to drum up support for a ruthless invasion," Trent added.
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Working with the CIA
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Noriega ruled Panama from 1983 to 1989. Before and during that time, he worked with multiple U.S. intelligence agencies who agreed to ignore allegations that he was a drug trafficker in exchange for a staunch anti-communist ally in Central America during the height of the Cold War.
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Noriega was paid handsomely for his help, about $10,000 per month at one point, according to John Dinges, author of "Our Man in Panama: How General Noriega Used the United States and Made Millions in Drugs and Arms (1990)."
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"The relationship with the CIA and the Pentagon was quite intense in the early '80s," Dinges told ABC News. "He was considered an important asset, and everyone in the documents I've read spoke very highly of him. He was trusted to the extent that you trust someone who is a paid intelligence asset.
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|date=2017
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|authors=Kaelyn Forde, ABC
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|source_URL=https://abcnews.go.com/International/panamanian-dictator-manuel-noriegas-complex-us-ties-lessons/story?id=47722429
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|source_name=ABC
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}}
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After the invasion, Noriega sought refuge in the [[Vatican]] Embassy in Panama City but eventually surrendered to U.S. authorities in January 1992. He was subsequently transported to the United States, where he faced trial on charges related to drug trafficking, [[money laundering]], and racketeering. Noriega’s counsel moved to dismiss the indictment on the ground that United States laws could not be applied to a foreign leader whose alleged illegal activities all occurred outside the territorial bounds of the United States. Counsel further argued that Noriega was immune from prosecution as a head of state and diplomat, and that his alleged narcotics offenses constituted acts of state not properly reviewable by the US Court.<ref>https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/united-states-united-states-v-noriega</ref> In [[1992]], he was found guilty and sentenced to 40 years in [[prison]], later lowered to 30 by [[William M. Hoeveler]].
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Noriega was extradited to [[France]] in [[2010]], where he was convicted and sentenced to seven years of imprisonment for [[money laundering]]. In 2011 France extradited him to [[Panama]], where he was incarcerated for crimes committed during his rule, for which he had been tried and convicted in absentia in the [[1990s]].<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/313360.stm</ref> Diagnosed with a [[brain tumor]] in March 2017, Noriega suffered complications during surgery, and died two months later.
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Manuel Noriega's rise and fall illustrate the complex and controversial history the [[CIA drug trafficking]] and thus U.S. involvement in Panama and its relationship with strongman leaders in the region during the Cold War era. Noriega's case also highlighted the connections between military regimes, drug trafficking, and international politics in Central America during that period.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/30/general-manuel-noriega-feared-panamanian-dictator-cia-asset</ref>
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{{SMWQ
 
{{SMWQ
 
|subjects=Manuel Noriega
 
|subjects=Manuel Noriega
|text=[Manuel Noriega] allied himself with the [[Medellin Cartel]], his country serving as an important transit point for [[cocaine]] towards the [[United States]]. The [[Reagan]] administration worked with Noriega in support of the [[Nicaraguan contras]], but by [[1989]] the dictator was growing out of control and had become such a liability to the United States, that [[George H. W. Bush]] ordered an [[invasion of Panama]] to capture Noriega. During his trial in the early [[1990s]], numerous witnesses/drug traffickers accused Noriega of drug trafficking, along with ties to George H. W. Bush, Colonel Oliver North and other CIA Contra figures.<ref>https://isgp-studies.com/cia-heroin-and-cocaine-drug-trafficking#37</ref> As the torture-murder of [[Hugo Spadafora]] in particular revealed, Noriega also was an extreme human rights violator who, similarly to the drug cartels and the CIA, had no problem [[torturing]] his enemies to death.<ref>2012, Javier A. Galvan, 'Latin American Dictators of the 20th Century: The Lives and Regimes of 15 Rulers', p. 188.</ref>
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|text=[Manuel Noriega] allied himself with the [[Medellin Cartel]], his country serving as an important transit point for [[cocaine]] towards the [[United States]]. The [[Reagan]] administration worked with Noriega in support of the [[Nicaraguan contras]], but by [[1989]] the dictator was growing out of control and had become such a liability to the United States, that [[George H. W. Bush]] ordered an [[invasion of Panama]] to capture Noriega. During his trial in the early [[1990s]], numerous witnesses/drug traffickers accused Noriega of drug trafficking, along with ties to George H. W. Bush, Colonel [[Oliver North]] and other CIA Contra figures.<ref>https://isgp-studies.com/cia-heroin-and-cocaine-drug-trafficking#37</ref> As the torture-murder of [[Hugo Spadafora]] in particular revealed, Noriega also was an extreme human rights violator who, similarly to the [[drug cartels]] and the CIA, had no problem [[torturing]] his enemies to death.<ref>2012, Javier A. Galvan, 'Latin American Dictators of the 20th Century: The Lives and Regimes of 15 Rulers', p. 188.</ref>
 
|authors=Joël van der Reijden
 
|authors=Joël van der Reijden
 
|date=August 27, 2016
 
|date=August 27, 2016
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|source_URL=https://isgp-studies.com/cia-heroin-and-cocaine-drug-trafficking#noriega
 
|source_URL=https://isgp-studies.com/cia-heroin-and-cocaine-drug-trafficking#noriega
 
}}
 
}}
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====Pedophile Island?====
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[[Contadora Island]] or Isla Contadora (or Contadora Island in English) is a Panamanian island in the Gulf of Panama.
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In the [[1960s]], a sprawling, elegant resort was constructed and became a prestigious haven for the rich. Consisting of over three hundred rooms and an elegant dining room where sumptuous meals and elaborate drinks were served; it is said the champagne flowed like a fountain. Numerous outbuildings were built to accommodate the richest of the rich and their diverse pleasures, including a casino.<ref name=live>https://www.liveandinvestoverseas.com/in-focus-panama/the-fascinating-history-of-contadora-island-panama/</ref> The island had 80 private homes.<ref name=wp>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1980/02/03/panamas-contadora-island-learning-to-live-with-a-shah/05118ee6-4427-4a18-9e0d-faaebbf552c1/</ref>
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The island and the resort became exclusive, expensive, and patronized by the rich and famous. [[Hollywood stars]] such as [[Sophia Loren]], [[Christian Dior]], [[Elizabeth Taylor]], [[John Wayne]], and [[Rockefeller family|the Rockefellers]]<ref>https://4elementscontadora.com/the-destination/</ref> and the [[Kennedy family|the Kennedys]] bought private getaways or resided in the now famous resort.<ref name=live>https://www.liveandinvestoverseas.com/in-focus-panama/the-fascinating-history-of-contadora-island-panama/</ref>
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[[John Perkins]] believes that [[George W. Bush]] was secretly filmed while having sex with prostitutes and doing drugs there. According to Perkins, this was one of the reasons his father, then President [[George HW Bush]], [[Panama invasion|invaded Panama in 1989]], in order to seize the incriminating tapes.
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==9/11 Connection?==
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Noriega's planes were still used decades later. [[Arne Kruithof]] is the Dutch-German owner of flight school "Florida Flight Training", the flight school used by the [[9-11]] hijacker [[Ziad Jarrah]]. The plane Jarrah was trained in by Kruithof was allegedly traced back to Noriega's associates by [[Daniel Hopsicker]].<ref>https://isgp-studies.com/DL_2002_07_04_Arne_Kruithof_crash</ref>
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==Occultism?==
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Noriega practiced occult rituals of at least two religions related to voodoo. US Officials raided his US compound and dubbed it the "witch house". Noriega was accused to "practicing evil magic" and other occult rituals to help himself politically and personally according to Special Agent James R. Dibble, a specialist on "cults and deviant movements" in the Army's Criminal Investigation Division. He said there also were indications that Noriega practiced "sex magic", not clarifying what that meant or if it could be related to his early life child rape.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/12/opinion/two-noriegas-trafficker-law-enforcer.html</ref>
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{{SMWDocs}}
 
{{SMWDocs}}
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==References==
 
==References==
 
{{reflist}}
 
{{reflist}}

Latest revision as of 05:49, 8 September 2023

"Drug trafficker"
Person.png Manuel Noriega  Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
(soldier, politician, puppet leader)
Noriega time.png
For a year or two, Noriega was enemy image number 1
BornManuel Antonio Noriega Moreno
11 February 1934
Panama City, Republic of Panama
DiedMay 29, 2017 (Age 83)
Cause of death
brain tumor
Alma materChorrillos Military School, School of the Americas
ReligionRoman Catholicism
Children3
SpouseFelicidad Sieiro de Noriega
A puppet leader being used in CIA Drug trafficking.

Employment.png Maximum Leader of National Liberation

In office
December 15, 1983 - December 20, 1989

Employment.png Military Leader of Panama

In office
August 12, 1983 - December 20, 1989

Manuel Noriega nicknamed Pineapple Face for his acné[1] was the right hand man of assassinated strongman Omar Torrijos and Panamanian military officer and politician, who was de facto ruler of Panama from 1983 until 1989. Although funded, educated, trained and protected by the CIA and 3[2] US presidents[3][4][5], Noriega was removed in a US invasion in 1989.[6]

Career

Full article: Rated 4/5 CIA/Drug trafficking

Kid rape

Noriega - coming from a poor family - failed to get into medical school before joining the National Guard. In the guard he would abuse girls while on the job. In 1963, he had been accused of raping a sex worker in his patrol car and a few years later he raped a teenage girl. The last scandal got him reassigned to a remote region, but he was never sentenced. An editorial in the NYT suggested that was because of protection from higher ups in the military.[7][8] Noriega rose through the ranks of the Panamanian Defense Forces (PDF) and became a key figure in Panamanian politics and military leadership.

School of the Americas

Full article: School of the Americas

The School of the Americas was established in 1946 under the name Latin American Training Center - Ground Division in the extra-territorial canal zone of Panama. Its task was a sorts of deep state recruitment centre through military training of Latin American military personnel and military advisors. During the Cold War, the focus set in ccm shifted towards preventing the spread of communism in Latin America with the famous polarising perspective known as the (domino theory). After the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and under pressure from the Panamanian government, the location in the extraterritorial canal zone was given up in 1984 and relocated to Fort Benning. Noriega was recruited as a CIA informant while studying at a military academy in Peru. He received intelligence and counterintelligence training at the School of the Americas at Fort Gulick, Panama, in 1967, as well as a course in psychological operations at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.

After a military coup in 1968, Noriega quickly rose through the ranks and became head of Panama's military intelligence and a key figure under General Omar Torrijos, the military ruler who signed a treaty with the US to restore the Panama canal zone to Panamanian sovereignty in 1977. Torrijos died in a very strange plane crash after which Noriega became increasingly skill-full in using his SOTA's torturing techniques while working hand in hand with other drug kingpins including Pablo Escobar setting up a sort of CIA network, funding the CIA/Black budget with all sorts of SOTA-alumni throughout South America.[9][10]

How the CIA Created a Cocaine Dictator - VICE NEWS

In December 1989, 25,00 US troops invaded the small, Central American republic of Panama. But this was not a war against some communist regime or terrorist group – this was a drugs bust, aimed at arresting Manuel Noriega, the dictator of Panama, who was wanted on trafficking charges in Miami. Awkwardly for the US, Noriega had been a major CIA asset for decades – even as they knew he was becoming massively embedded with the cartels flooding the streets of the US with coke. This is how US intelligence shielded Noriega, even as he trafficked cocaine and laundered cartel millions – and also how the War on Drugs came to replace the Cold War as the central feature of US foreign policy.

Early CIA friend

Bush Sr and Noriega sitting peacefully together in 1983. The Guardian - 2010

Noriega's relationship with U.S. intelligence began in the 1950s when he was a young military officer. At the time, the United States saw him as a valuable asset in the region due to his knowledge of Panama's political landscape and his willingness to assist in anti-communist efforts during the Cold War.[11] Manuel Noriega worked with the CIA and U.S. intelligence agencies primarily because of his early cooperation, his strategic importance due to Panama's location, and his role in providing intelligence on communists movements in Latin America during the Cold War. However - officially - his involvement in drug trafficking and human rights abuses eventually turned local media and populations against him.

[12][13] Bush Sr - was still reported in declassified (and perhaps sanitised) trip reports of not knowing what Noriega did with or how he funded the economy there, as Bush during his promotion from his China CIA office "turned over the agency to a group of conservative hawks, who contaminated its analysis of Soviet power".[14]

Noriega provided information to the CIA about socialists movements and political developments in Latin America, particularly in countries such as Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala. In this form, Noriega's operation greatly facilitated the infamous Contras in Latin America later on. Noriega set up relay stations to let the CIA spy on Nicaraguan targets and allowed the US to virtually tap every place of entry from airports to telephone stations.[15][16]

Loose Cannon or True to the mission?

Around 1972 the U.S. were reported to increasingly let more people in Panama let go in investigations, possibly as a result of an agreement between Torrijos and U.S. President Richard Nixon. Noriega according to journalist John Dinges - Noriega was using his SOTA training to execute the most trivial of opponents on a Phoenix program style level of skill. Priests arguing for less drug trafficking were thrown out of helicopters, Noriega began selling info to the countries he had relay stations for the CIA set up for - including Cuba, which in part, caused the Jimmy Carter administration to stop funding after President Gerald Ford already halted the funding - alleged up to $100.000 a year of Noriega (which increased to $11 million at the end of his reign)[17]

During negotiations for the Panama Canal treaties, the U.S. government ordered its military intelligence to wiretap Panamanian officials. Noriega discovered this operation in early 1976, played a double bluff, bought the tapes and attempted to blackmail the CIA, who named it the "Singing Sergeants affair". Bush Sr - fresh new head of the CIA, did not report this incident to either the National Security Agency or the U.S. Justice Department, to keep Noriega's contacts with the CIA private. At this point, Noriega became a sort of double agent, even leaking to the KGB, placing the cold war narratives in question. In 1986, the East German Stasi and the Danish ship Pia Vesta tried to sell Soviet Union weapons and military vehicles to South Africa's Armscor.[18][19] After Jimmy Carter oversaw several failed coup attempts in the increasingly more unstable country, Noriega revoked the rights of the country to hold elections and declared himself "Maximum leader" of the country. U.S. Defense Secretary Dick Cheney - who never escaped these kind of stories in American history - was alleged to have refused to help the 1989 coup attempt.[20]

SOTA Executions or Scheming Bush?

Full article: Document:The Man Who Sold the War

“I’ve got Bush by the balls”
Manuel Noriega (1988)  [21]

Spadafora

Military officer Hugo Spadafora had reported on Noriega's involvement in the huge cocaine importation into the US through collaboration with Colombian drug lords Carlos Lehder and Pablo Escobar. Weeks later, Spadafora torso was discovered inside a sizable USPS mail bag. A butcher's knife had sawn off his head, which was never discovered. According to Gary Webb's Dark Alliance: "His body bore evidence of unimaginable tortures. The thigh muscles had been neatly sliced so he could not close his legs, and then something had been jammed up his rectum, tearing it apart. His testicles were swollen horribly, the result of prolonged garrotting, his ribs were broken, and then, while he was still alive, his head had been sawed off with a butcher's knife.[22][23] [24][25]

“In 1992, Noriega was tried and convicted on eight drug trafficking and conspiracy counts in federal court in Miami. His 40-year sentence was reduced by 10 years after a former CIA station chief and a former U.S. ambassador spoke on his behalf.

By that time, I had already begun investigating the story. I found more than reasonable doubt about his guilt. The government prosecuted the case with the testimony of 26 convicted drug traffickers who received plea bargains that allowed them to get out of prison and, in some cases, keep their drug profits. One of them was Carlos Lehder, a neo-Nazi from Colombia, then the most important trafficker ever captured by the United States. He had never met Noriega—and neither had the other dealers who testified against him. U.S. District Judge William Hoeveler, who tried the case, invited me to his home after Noriega's conviction and sentencing for a series of unusual talks in which he expressed concern about how the trial and verdict would be judged. "I hope, in the end, we'll be able to say that justice was served," he said. He and other U.S. officials took solace in the fact that even if the drug conviction was questionable, Noriega was clearly a murderer.

But the sources I interviewed raised serious questions about one charge against him. In 1993, Noriega was convicted in absentia in Panama of conspiracy in the 1985 murder of Hugo Spadafora, a political protégé turned opponent. A key piece of evidence was that the National Security Agency had intercepted a remote telephone communication in which Noriega allegedly ordered the killing: "What do you do with a rabid dog?... You cut off its head."

Multiple U.S. sources told me the intercept did not exist. They said the NSA did not have the capability at that time to capture communications between Noriega—who was in France when Spadafora was killed—and his minions in the Panamanian jungle. I determined that the charges had been made up in part by a Panamanian newspaper columnist and author, Guillermo Sánchez Borbón. He admitted to me he could cite no source for reporting the killing of Spadafora in a book, In the Time of the Tyrants, that he co-wrote with an American expatriate, Richard Koster. "It is a political book, not a historical book," Sanchez Borbón said. "It has its inexactitudes."”
Peter Eisner (2017)  [26]

However, Noriega's relationship with the United States deteriorated in the late 1980s, as if it had to happen, including painting a view of him growing out of control. In December 1989 - one year after dropping him from their payroll, the CIA gave green light and the United States invaded Panama in an operation called "Operation Just Cause," with the official narrative of capturing Noriega and "bringing him to justice".[27] In 1989, shortly after his last election, President George H.W. Bush signed a highly secret "finding" authorising the CIA to funnel $10 million to opposition forces in Panama to overthrow Noriega. Reluctant to involve agency personnel directly, the CIA turned to the Rendon Group. Rendon's job was to work behind the scenes, using a variety of campaign and psychological techniques to put the CIA's choice, Guillermo Endara, into the presidential palace. Cash from the agency, laundered through various bank accounts and front organizations, would end up in Endara's hands, who would then pay Rendon.[28]

Arrest

Tyrants and Dictators - Manuel Noriega - Miliary Doc.
Full article: Invasion of Panama

“He was a pawn in an international game that was way bigger than him and he certainly paid dearly," said Barbara Trent, a filmmaker who directed "The Panama Deception," a 1992 documentary about the U.S. invasion.

"He was a small-time player catapulted to international fame by the U.S. government and the media to drum up support for a ruthless invasion," Trent added. Working with the CIA Noriega ruled Panama from 1983 to 1989. Before and during that time, he worked with multiple U.S. intelligence agencies who agreed to ignore allegations that he was a drug trafficker in exchange for a staunch anti-communist ally in Central America during the height of the Cold War. Noriega was paid handsomely for his help, about $10,000 per month at one point, according to John Dinges, author of "Our Man in Panama: How General Noriega Used the United States and Made Millions in Drugs and Arms (1990)."

"The relationship with the CIA and the Pentagon was quite intense in the early '80s," Dinges told ABC News. "He was considered an important asset, and everyone in the documents I've read spoke very highly of him. He was trusted to the extent that you trust someone who is a paid intelligence asset.”
Kaelyn Forde,  ABC (2017)  [29]

After the invasion, Noriega sought refuge in the Vatican Embassy in Panama City but eventually surrendered to U.S. authorities in January 1992. He was subsequently transported to the United States, where he faced trial on charges related to drug trafficking, money laundering, and racketeering. Noriega’s counsel moved to dismiss the indictment on the ground that United States laws could not be applied to a foreign leader whose alleged illegal activities all occurred outside the territorial bounds of the United States. Counsel further argued that Noriega was immune from prosecution as a head of state and diplomat, and that his alleged narcotics offenses constituted acts of state not properly reviewable by the US Court.[30] In 1992, he was found guilty and sentenced to 40 years in prison, later lowered to 30 by William M. Hoeveler.

Noriega was extradited to France in 2010, where he was convicted and sentenced to seven years of imprisonment for money laundering. In 2011 France extradited him to Panama, where he was incarcerated for crimes committed during his rule, for which he had been tried and convicted in absentia in the 1990s.[31] Diagnosed with a brain tumor in March 2017, Noriega suffered complications during surgery, and died two months later. Manuel Noriega's rise and fall illustrate the complex and controversial history the CIA drug trafficking and thus U.S. involvement in Panama and its relationship with strongman leaders in the region during the Cold War era. Noriega's case also highlighted the connections between military regimes, drug trafficking, and international politics in Central America during that period.[32]

“[Manuel Noriega] allied himself with the Medellin Cartel, his country serving as an important transit point for cocaine towards the United States. The Reagan administration worked with Noriega in support of the Nicaraguan contras, but by 1989 the dictator was growing out of control and had become such a liability to the United States, that George H. W. Bush ordered an invasion of Panama to capture Noriega. During his trial in the early 1990s, numerous witnesses/drug traffickers accused Noriega of drug trafficking, along with ties to George H. W. Bush, Colonel Oliver North and other CIA Contra figures.[33] As the torture-murder of Hugo Spadafora in particular revealed, Noriega also was an extreme human rights violator who, similarly to the drug cartels and the CIA, had no problem torturing his enemies to death.[34]
Joël van der Reijden (August 27, 2016)  [35]

Pedophile Island?

Contadora Island or Isla Contadora (or Contadora Island in English) is a Panamanian island in the Gulf of Panama.

In the 1960s, a sprawling, elegant resort was constructed and became a prestigious haven for the rich. Consisting of over three hundred rooms and an elegant dining room where sumptuous meals and elaborate drinks were served; it is said the champagne flowed like a fountain. Numerous outbuildings were built to accommodate the richest of the rich and their diverse pleasures, including a casino.[36] The island had 80 private homes.[37]

The island and the resort became exclusive, expensive, and patronized by the rich and famous. Hollywood stars such as Sophia Loren, Christian Dior, Elizabeth Taylor, John Wayne, and the Rockefellers[38] and the the Kennedys bought private getaways or resided in the now famous resort.[36]

John Perkins believes that George W. Bush was secretly filmed while having sex with prostitutes and doing drugs there. According to Perkins, this was one of the reasons his father, then President George HW Bush, invaded Panama in 1989, in order to seize the incriminating tapes.

9/11 Connection?

Noriega's planes were still used decades later. Arne Kruithof is the Dutch-German owner of flight school "Florida Flight Training", the flight school used by the 9-11 hijacker Ziad Jarrah. The plane Jarrah was trained in by Kruithof was allegedly traced back to Noriega's associates by Daniel Hopsicker.[39]

Occultism?

Noriega practiced occult rituals of at least two religions related to voodoo. US Officials raided his US compound and dubbed it the "witch house". Noriega was accused to "practicing evil magic" and other occult rituals to help himself politically and personally according to Special Agent James R. Dibble, a specialist on "cults and deviant movements" in the Army's Criminal Investigation Division. He said there also were indications that Noriega practiced "sex magic", not clarifying what that meant or if it could be related to his early life child rape.[40]


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References

  1. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/manuel-noriega-panama-dictor-dead-cia-murder-medellin-cartel-drugs-us-war-a7762846.html
  2. https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Manuel_Noriega#De_facto_ruler_of_Panama
  3. https://www.grunge.com/338237/the-messed-up-history-of-the-school-of-the-americas/
  4. https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1991/05/31/noriega-worked-for-cia/
  5. https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB2/index.html
  6. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/1990/01/28/the-case-against-noriega/662de270-d2e3-40ce-9466-511fb79398bf/
  7. https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/12/opinion/two-noriegas-trafficker-law-enforcer.html
  8. https://www.grunge.com/1267655/manuel-noriega-messed-up-details-notorious-dictator/
  9. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/apr/27/manuel-noriega-us-friend-foe
  10. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/30/530666952/former-panamanian-dictator-manuel-noriega-dies-at-83
  11. https://amerykalacinska.com/resources/html/article/details?id=230601&language=en
  12. https://web.archive.org/web/20160306184653/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-18/news/mn-16512_1_noriega/3
  13. https://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_7311_20811152_2022_116_03/c/articles-2148016.pdf.pdf
  14. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/cia-rdp99-01448r000401580045-2
  15. https://abcnews.go.com/International/panamanian-dictator-manuel-noriegas-complex-us-ties-lessons/story?id=47722429
  16. https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/12/opinion/two-noriegas-trafficker-law-enforcer.html
  17. https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1990/05/20/u-s-likely-to-reveal-how-much-noriega-was-paid/
  18. https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/28/us/bush-and-noriega-examination-of-their-ties.html?pagewanted=all
  19. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-01-16-mn-262-story.html
  20. http://articles.latimes.com/1989-10-06/news/mn-666_1_coup-attempt
  21. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/the-dirty-secrets-of-george-bush-71927/
  22. https://jimdo-storage.global.ssl.fastly.net/file/ce6c11f8-d326-438f-b6d4-4a7876ecde87/nadubakasezufivurezola.pdf
  23. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/manuel-noriega-panama-dictor-dead-cia-murder-medellin-cartel-drugs-us-war-a7762846.html
  24. http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1933053_1933052_1933051,00.html
  25. https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/12/opinion/two-noriegas-trafficker-law-enforcer.html
  26. https://www.newsweek.com/2017/04/14/donald-trump-george-hw-bush-fall-panama-noriega-570478.html Newsweek
  27. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2opo34UFKo
  28. https://wikispooks.com/wiki/Document:The_Man_Who_Sold_the_War
  29. https://abcnews.go.com/International/panamanian-dictator-manuel-noriegas-complex-us-ties-lessons/story?id=47722429 ABC
  30. https://casebook.icrc.org/case-study/united-states-united-states-v-noriega
  31. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/313360.stm
  32. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/30/general-manuel-noriega-feared-panamanian-dictator-cia-asset
  33. https://isgp-studies.com/cia-heroin-and-cocaine-drug-trafficking#37
  34. 2012, Javier A. Galvan, 'Latin American Dictators of the 20th Century: The Lives and Regimes of 15 Rulers', p. 188.
  35. https://isgp-studies.com/cia-heroin-and-cocaine-drug-trafficking#noriega ISGP
  36. a b https://www.liveandinvestoverseas.com/in-focus-panama/the-fascinating-history-of-contadora-island-panama/
  37. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1980/02/03/panamas-contadora-island-learning-to-live-with-a-shah/05118ee6-4427-4a18-9e0d-faaebbf552c1/
  38. https://4elementscontadora.com/the-destination/
  39. https://isgp-studies.com/DL_2002_07_04_Arne_Kruithof_crash
  40. https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/12/opinion/two-noriegas-trafficker-law-enforcer.html