Difference between revisions of "Wikipedia/Censorship"
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{{concept | {{concept | ||
− | |wikipedia= | + | |wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_censored |
|image=Wikipedia-logo-Censorship.png | |image=Wikipedia-logo-Censorship.png | ||
+ | |constitutes=Internet/Censorship, Corporate media/Censorship | ||
+ | |description=Wikipedia claims not to be censored. However, wikipedia's policies don't back this up. Their notions of 'reliability' and '[[Wikipedia/Notability|notability]]' are particularly suspect. | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | [[ | + | '''Wikipedia ''is'' actively [[censored]], and users are blocked''' ''not'' only for reasons of [[spam]] and vandalism. Their carefully formulated policies, especially those on "[[Wikipedia/Reliability|reliability]]" and "[[Wikipedia/Notability|notability]]" are tools to extend [[Operation Mockingbird]]'s [[Corporate media/Deep state control|control of corporate media]] to give ''de facto'' control of what appears on Wikipedia. |
− | + | ==Official Narrative== | |
+ | Wikipedia boldly and clearly declares "Wikipedia is not censored"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_censored</ref>, notwithstanding evidence that particular information is persistently removed.<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/7883064/MPs-scandals-covered-up-on-Wikipedia.html</ref> | ||
− | == | + | ==Problems== |
− | + | One Wikipedia editor stated "Wikipedia is a record of human knowledge, stored on a high [[school]] blackboard, and every kid has an eraser and a piece of chalk. Guess whose stuff stays on the blackboard?"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Ghostofnemo</ref> Wikipedia has an explicitly [[establishment]] friendly policy of assuming that {{ccm}} is reliable, even though they are legally allowed to lie.<ref>http://www.projectcensored.org/11-the-media-can-legally-lie/</ref> Moreover, events that the corporate media choose to ignore are not deemed 'notable', allowing those who can censor the {{ccm}} to effectively censor Wikipedia. Certain lines of thought are reverted within minutes. | |
− | + | ||
+ | ===PR Companies=== | ||
+ | [[Bell Pottinger]] has a team which "sorts" negative Wikipedia coverage of clients.<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/caught-on-camera-top-lobbyists-boasting-how-they-influence-the-pm-6272760.html | ||
+ | </ref> Less obvious, but no less pernicious, is use of Wikipedia's "[[Wikipedia/Notability|notability]]" criterion to remove entire pages, keeps certain important topics off the agenda and certain people or activities out of the limelight. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===DuPont=== | ||
+ | The [[DuPont]] page has also been repeatedly censored to remove all references to scandals like the poisoning of the Ohio river valley with [[PFAS]] and the successful class action lawsuit against DuPont (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DuPont&action=history), and the former [[EPA]] deputy head who helped DuPont launch a public misinformation campaign has a wiki page without mention, and attempts to bring this to the page were oppressed (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W._Michael_McCabe&action=history). See also the relevant section of the talk page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Thedoctar#Blocked | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Reliability== | ||
+ | {{FA|Wikipedia/Reliability}} | ||
+ | Like Google, English Wikipedia maintains a blacklist of sites (including this one), which must never be cited as sources. This domain blacklist simplifies the inclusion of the site within an [[Operation Mockingbird]] style system of broad spectrum [[censorship]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Whitney Webb]] described in 2019 ''How a Small Group of Pro-Israel Activists Blacklisted [[MintPress]] on [[Wikipedia]]''. Evidence of unreliability cited included Newsguard's unfavourable rating of Mint Press News, "several months after MintPress authored a viral exposè of Newsguard’s connections to [[neoconservatives]] and former government officials, including former [[CIA director]] [[Michael Hayden]]."<ref>https://www.mintpressnews.com/pro-israel-activists-blacklist-mintpress-wikipedia/261022/</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Page deletions== | ||
+ | Ordinary Wikipedia users cannot see the content of deleted pages, only the date of their deletion. This is occasionally revealing in itself ([[Isaac Kappy]]'s page was deleted 2 days after he died). However, the content of the page is visible only to administrators with the power to undelete it. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Page deletions are ''not'' standardised between languages, so if you detect that a page has been deleted, it is quite possibly still available in an alternative language. For example, the English Wikipedia page of [[José Sanjenís Perdomo]] was deleted on 6 September 2015, for example, but the Spanish language page was still available as of July 2019. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Page histories== | ||
+ | All wikipedia pages have histories, which record the earlier versions. These are accessible if you click on the {{t|View history}} tab. These histories can be censored<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log/delete&page=User:Ghostofnemo</ref> but as of 2014, this was believed to be a rare occurrence. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Detecting censorship === | ||
+ | [[image:9-11 history.png|left|thumbnail|780px|The page history of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Collapse_of_the_World_Trade_Center&offset=20110502010537&limit=500&action=history Collapse_of_the_World_Trade_Center] page shows a clear pattern of repeated, fast, reversion of edits, strongly indicative of censorship.]] | ||
+ | The history is gives a list of revisions to the page, including the time, date, editor name, article length, edit length, and (optional) edit summary. Certain wikipedia pages are regularly monitored to ensure particular viewpoints are excluded. | ||
The edit reversions are marked. They are indicated by a green number with an red identical number just above. For example, see the fifth line down: on 22:32, an anonymous user ({{t|202.83.83.108}}) made an edit which increased the article length by {{GREEN|24}} bytes, only for user {{t|Chicago god}} to remove {{RED|24}} bytes the same minute. | The edit reversions are marked. They are indicated by a green number with an red identical number just above. For example, see the fifth line down: on 22:32, an anonymous user ({{t|202.83.83.108}}) made an edit which increased the article length by {{GREEN|24}} bytes, only for user {{t|Chicago god}} to remove {{RED|24}} bytes the same minute. | ||
− | == | + | === Exploring censorship === |
− | To investigate the edits, click on the reversion (later edit, typically a {{RED|red}} bytecount) and the edit below. Then click on "{{t|compare selected revisions}}" and wikipedia will show you the change(s) made. This may of course be vandalism or spam, but it may also be censhorship. While unwanted on Wikipedia, material which challenges the {{on}} may be welcome on Wikispooks, especially if it is referenced. Another tip for investigation is to click on the {{t|contribs}} link next to the author, to see a list of all the edits they have made on Wikipedia. If some of their edits are being censored, this is a good indication that their other edit may be of interest. | + | To investigate the edits, click on the reversion (later edit, typically a {{RED|red}} bytecount) and the edit below. Then click on "{{t|compare selected revisions}}" and wikipedia will show you the change(s) made. This may of course be vandalism or [[spam]], but it may also be censhorship. While unwanted on Wikipedia, material which challenges the {{on}} may be welcome on Wikispooks, especially if it is referenced. Another tip for investigation is to click on the {{t|contribs}} link next to the author, to see a list of all the edits they have made on Wikipedia. If some of their edits are being censored, this is a good indication that their other edit may be of interest. |
− | == | + | ===Continuing censorship=== |
− | [[image:WP-review.gif|right]] | + | [[image:WP-review.gif|right|link=Wikipedia/Protection]] |
− | + | The simplest strategy for censoring content is just to purge all trace of it. As of 2018, it is still unproven whether this is employed at all, as sufficient real time tools have not yet been developed to monitor Wikipedia. | |
+ | |||
+ | ===Page protection=== | ||
+ | Another policy use by Wikipedia (since December 1, 2012<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes#Frequently_asked_questions</ref>) has been using a system of "page protection" which will prevent the above technique from working. Particularly sensitive pages may be assigned a "protection level", illustrated by the icon shown right, which prevents unregistered or new users from changing them - thus preventing their contribution being reflected in the page history, as it is likely to be rejected by an editor versed in the {{on}}. | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[image:WP-censorship.png|left|500px|thumbnail|Suppressed edits in ''<font color=gray><s>gray struck through font</s></font>'' have been censored from the Wikipedia page about the suspicious [[Vince Foster/Death|death]] of [[Vince Foster]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suicide_of_Vince_Foster&offset=&limit=250&action=history</ref>.]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Revision delete=== | ||
+ | Since Summer 2006, Wikipedia has had a "Revision delete" (a.k.a. "suppression" or "oversight") facility which allows a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ListUsers/suppress ''small'' number of administrators] (i.e. 52 as of February 2018, 41 as of August 2019, 45 as of September 2023) to make the content of edits inaccessible for ordinary users, editors and other administrators alike. | ||
+ | The explanation of this, as of February 2018 was that the "Wikimedia Foundation may have to delete, protect, blank a page or take other actions without going through the normal site/community process(es) to do so. These changes may be temporary or permanent measures to prevent legal trouble or personal harm and should not be undone by any user."<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Office_actions&action=history</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | It was reportedly rarely deployed as of 2018. Since the dates of revisions are available, one way to try to get round it is to look at the [[internet archive]], which ''might'' have a copy of the censored edits. Another sensible move is to pay particular attention to other edits made by the user(s) whose edits have been censored in this way. | ||
==Pages Censored by Wikipedia== | ==Pages Censored by Wikipedia== | ||
+ | Previously, going to a deleted page would not show the text, but would at least reveal a list of when the page had been created and deleted. In 2014, Wikipedia changed the behavior for pages which had been deleted, so now no confirmation is presented that the pages ever existed. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Repeatedly Censored=== | ||
+ | {{WikipediaRepeatedlyCensoredPages}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Censored === | ||
{{WikipediaCensoredPages}} | {{WikipediaCensoredPages}} | ||
+ | |||
{{SMWDocs}} | {{SMWDocs}} | ||
+ | ==References== | ||
+ | {{reflist}} |
Latest revision as of 12:33, 19 September 2023
Wikipedia/Censorship (Internet/Censorship, Corporate media/Censorship) | |
---|---|
Interest of | • "Wikipedia/List of COVID-19 conspiracy theorists" • Deletionpedia • Wikiscanner |
Wikipedia claims not to be censored. However, wikipedia's policies don't back this up. Their notions of 'reliability' and 'notability' are particularly suspect. |
Wikipedia is actively censored, and users are blocked not only for reasons of spam and vandalism. Their carefully formulated policies, especially those on "reliability" and "notability" are tools to extend Operation Mockingbird's control of corporate media to give de facto control of what appears on Wikipedia.
Contents
Official Narrative
Wikipedia boldly and clearly declares "Wikipedia is not censored"[1], notwithstanding evidence that particular information is persistently removed.[2]
Problems
One Wikipedia editor stated "Wikipedia is a record of human knowledge, stored on a high school blackboard, and every kid has an eraser and a piece of chalk. Guess whose stuff stays on the blackboard?"[3] Wikipedia has an explicitly establishment friendly policy of assuming that commercially-controlled media is reliable, even though they are legally allowed to lie.[4] Moreover, events that the corporate media choose to ignore are not deemed 'notable', allowing those who can censor the commercially-controlled media to effectively censor Wikipedia. Certain lines of thought are reverted within minutes.
PR Companies
Bell Pottinger has a team which "sorts" negative Wikipedia coverage of clients.[5] Less obvious, but no less pernicious, is use of Wikipedia's "notability" criterion to remove entire pages, keeps certain important topics off the agenda and certain people or activities out of the limelight.
DuPont
The DuPont page has also been repeatedly censored to remove all references to scandals like the poisoning of the Ohio river valley with PFAS and the successful class action lawsuit against DuPont (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DuPont&action=history), and the former EPA deputy head who helped DuPont launch a public misinformation campaign has a wiki page without mention, and attempts to bring this to the page were oppressed (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W._Michael_McCabe&action=history). See also the relevant section of the talk page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Thedoctar#Blocked
Reliability
- Full article: Wikipedia/Reliability
- Full article: Wikipedia/Reliability
Like Google, English Wikipedia maintains a blacklist of sites (including this one), which must never be cited as sources. This domain blacklist simplifies the inclusion of the site within an Operation Mockingbird style system of broad spectrum censorship.
Whitney Webb described in 2019 How a Small Group of Pro-Israel Activists Blacklisted MintPress on Wikipedia. Evidence of unreliability cited included Newsguard's unfavourable rating of Mint Press News, "several months after MintPress authored a viral exposè of Newsguard’s connections to neoconservatives and former government officials, including former CIA director Michael Hayden."[6]
Page deletions
Ordinary Wikipedia users cannot see the content of deleted pages, only the date of their deletion. This is occasionally revealing in itself (Isaac Kappy's page was deleted 2 days after he died). However, the content of the page is visible only to administrators with the power to undelete it.
Page deletions are not standardised between languages, so if you detect that a page has been deleted, it is quite possibly still available in an alternative language. For example, the English Wikipedia page of José Sanjenís Perdomo was deleted on 6 September 2015, for example, but the Spanish language page was still available as of July 2019.
Page histories
All wikipedia pages have histories, which record the earlier versions. These are accessible if you click on the View history tab. These histories can be censored[7] but as of 2014, this was believed to be a rare occurrence.
Detecting censorship
The history is gives a list of revisions to the page, including the time, date, editor name, article length, edit length, and (optional) edit summary. Certain wikipedia pages are regularly monitored to ensure particular viewpoints are excluded.
The edit reversions are marked. They are indicated by a green number with an red identical number just above. For example, see the fifth line down: on 22:32, an anonymous user (202.83.83.108) made an edit which increased the article length by 24 bytes, only for user Chicago god to remove 24 bytes the same minute.
Exploring censorship
To investigate the edits, click on the reversion (later edit, typically a red bytecount) and the edit below. Then click on "compare selected revisions" and wikipedia will show you the change(s) made. This may of course be vandalism or spam, but it may also be censhorship. While unwanted on Wikipedia, material which challenges the official narrative may be welcome on Wikispooks, especially if it is referenced. Another tip for investigation is to click on the contribs link next to the author, to see a list of all the edits they have made on Wikipedia. If some of their edits are being censored, this is a good indication that their other edit may be of interest.
Continuing censorship
The simplest strategy for censoring content is just to purge all trace of it. As of 2018, it is still unproven whether this is employed at all, as sufficient real time tools have not yet been developed to monitor Wikipedia.
Page protection
Another policy use by Wikipedia (since December 1, 2012[8]) has been using a system of "page protection" which will prevent the above technique from working. Particularly sensitive pages may be assigned a "protection level", illustrated by the icon shown right, which prevents unregistered or new users from changing them - thus preventing their contribution being reflected in the page history, as it is likely to be rejected by an editor versed in the official narrative.
Revision delete
Since Summer 2006, Wikipedia has had a "Revision delete" (a.k.a. "suppression" or "oversight") facility which allows a small number of administrators (i.e. 52 as of February 2018, 41 as of August 2019, 45 as of September 2023) to make the content of edits inaccessible for ordinary users, editors and other administrators alike. The explanation of this, as of February 2018 was that the "Wikimedia Foundation may have to delete, protect, blank a page or take other actions without going through the normal site/community process(es) to do so. These changes may be temporary or permanent measures to prevent legal trouble or personal harm and should not be undone by any user."[10]
It was reportedly rarely deployed as of 2018. Since the dates of revisions are available, one way to try to get round it is to look at the internet archive, which might have a copy of the censored edits. Another sensible move is to pay particular attention to other edits made by the user(s) whose edits have been censored in this way.
Pages Censored by Wikipedia
Previously, going to a deleted page would not show the text, but would at least reveal a list of when the page had been created and deleted. In 2014, Wikipedia changed the behavior for pages which had been deleted, so now no confirmation is presented that the pages ever existed.
Repeatedly Censored
Page | Description |
---|---|
9-11/WTC7/Destruction | Compared to the WTC Twin Towers, few people have seen video footage of the collapse of the 47-story WTC building 7, but the event was predicted and recorded by at least 3 TV networks and exactly resembles a controlled demolition. The event was subject to a news blackout by commercially controlled media for years afterwards, no mention of WTC7 was made in the 9/11 Commission's final report and Wikipedia has no separate page for this event. |
Kevin Annett | When he reported that the church of which he was a minister had been involved in genocide, Rev. Kevin Annett was told to shut up. He didn't. He researched the topic and wrote books and made a movie about it. His Wikipedia page has been deleted at least 4 times as "non-notable" because he has been blacklisted with dynamic silence by corporate media. He continues to expose institutional corruption and child abuse. |
Bernard Asso | Spooky French lawyer |
Barry Jennings | A key 9/11 witness whose testimony contradicted the 9/11 report. He was reported dead without further explanation, aged 53. No death certificate is available on the internet, the cause of death is unknown & his entire family went missing without explanation at the same time. |
Censored
Page | Description |
---|---|
2001 Anthrax attacks/Timeline | A detailed and revealing timeline about the Amerithrax attacks, deleted from Wikipedia in April 2014, recovered from an archive at Deletionpedia. |
2001 Israeli Nerve Gas Attacks | For 6 weeks in early 2001, Israel is reported to have carried out a series of nerve gas attacks on Palestinian civilian populations in both Gaza and the West Bank. |
9-11/Censorship | A range of tactics have been employed to try to stifle dissent about 9/11, from ad hominem attacks to assassination. As of 2016, censorship is ongoing. |
9-11/E-4B | An E-4B was spotted over the White house and the Pentagon on 9/11. The official narrative for more than a decade was not to talk about it, although it was reported on CNN and video, photos and eye witnesses do exist. Later declassification did prove the basic fact that the plane was present. |
9-11/Premature death | Many people have been killed in an effort to suppress the truth about 9/11. Where convenient, deaths have been made to look accidental or illness related. Sometimes people have been "suicided", making it hard to know exactly how many were murdered. |
9-11/WTC7/Destruction/Censorship | A very telling omission by the corporate media, lasting for several years, that totally suppressed mention of the complete (forewarned) collapse of WTC7. Note that the 911 originally neglected to give an account of this unprecedented event. |
9-11/Whistleblowers | Many people have sought to share important evidence about 9/11, using inside knowledge from a professional capacity. |
Ziad Abdelnour | A neoconservative financier who was disciplined by the SEC. |
Arms Dealer | A "third rail" topic for commercially-controlled media. Wikipedia has nothing to say on the topic. |
Scott Bennett | Spent 2 years in jail as a result of speaking his mind and attempting to blow the whistle on fraud and corruption inside the US war machine. |
CIA/Drug trafficking/Exposure | Drug trafficking by intelligence agencies — especially the CIA — is, as of 2019, pretty widely understood to be a part of their modus operandi. This follows decades of research into and publicity about this topic, most notably by Gary Webb who broke the story of CIA Drug trafficking over the early WWW. |
James Corbett | James Corbett is a popular critic of the US establishment who has been active on the internet since 2007. |
David Kelly/Assassination | On 17 July 2003, David Kelly allegedly committed suicide by swallowing 29 co-proxamol tablets and cutting to his ulnar artery (wrist) with a blunt pruning knife. He was writing a book exposing high level corruption at the time and had given no indication of depression. An official inquest was commenced but never completed. |
Jack Davis | CIA, censored from Wikipedia |
Deep event | An event which has major influence on the politics of a country or group of countries by virtue of its psychological impact on populations, principally through corporate media construction and reporting of what becomes its "official narrative". Such events predominantly involve controversial domestic politics, especially in the field of so-called "national security", foreign affairs and geo-politics. |
Bill Fairclough | Bill Fairclough's biography |
Mohammed Ferrat | Mohammed Samir Ferrat was reportedly killed aboard Flight TWA 800. He was a colleague of Ron Brown who had died 3 months earlier in another suspicious plane crash. Prior to the flight his business was in financial difficulties and he had taken more that one multiple life insurance policies and borrowed heavily from would be investors in Ivory Coast and Switzerland. |
Anthony Hall | Academic targeted by B'nai B'rith in 2016 for "using his academic credentials to deny the Holocaust and promote 9/11 conspiracy theories." |
Emad Abdalla Hassan | A person who was in the wrong place at the wrong time, sold to US for $5000 and has been subject to illegal imprisonment and torture in Guantanamo Bay for years. Cleared for release in 2010, he was transferred to Oman on June 13, 2015. |
Israel/Defense Forces/T-shirt affair | Unremarked for at least 3 years before becoming common knowledge and condemned world-wide in 2009, IDF soldiers were wearing bad taste T-shirts about murder. |
JFK/Assassination/Perpetrators | Mark Gorton terms this group "the cabal" and suggests that they are responsible for a large number of treasonous crimes up to the present day. The group includes two subsequent US presidents, Lyndon Johnson and George H. W. Bush. |
JFK/Assassination/Premature death | Dozens of people were killed in a vain effort to suppress the truth about the JFK Assassination. Where convenient, deaths have been made to look accidental or illness related. Sometimes people were "suicided", making it hard to know exactly how many were murdered. |
Pierre Jovanovic | A critic of the system of fiat currency and central banks. His page was removed from French Wikipedia. |
Isaac Kappy | An actor who died aged 42 after accusing former Hollywood friends of paedophilia. |
Lawrence E. King | Prosecuted for fraud but not for the Franklin child prostitution ring. Wikipedia removed his page. |
Nuclear demolition | Use of nuclear explosions to demolish buildings was first mooted in the late 1960s. This article on the topic is based on a page which appeared and was soon removed from Wikipedia in March 2010. It is based on the work of Dimitri Khalezov. |
Official narrative | The "Official Narrative" is the cover story of "the powers that be". On Wikispooks this generally means the story intended for citizens of the so-called 'Western Democracies'. This could be the truth, but the term is usually reserved for use in cases in which it departs significantly from the truth (which may be be unclear or completely unknown, cover by a veil of official lies). |
Official opposition narrative | The Official Opposition Narrative is the alternative cover story of "the powers that be". Debate is generally encouraged between the two. |
The Corbett Report | Named as an outlet of "Fake News" by PropOrNot. Censored and deranked by Youtube and Twitter. |
UK Column | An independent media source based in UK. |
Douglas Valentine |
Related Quotation
Page | Quote | Author |
---|---|---|
Rosa Koire | “Ministry of truth: If you are like me you use Wikipedia along with lots of other sources and find it helpful with many fact-based questions. It's the 'peoples encyclopedia'. That is, until you decide to update the Agenda 21, Communitarianism, Sustainable Development, or Asset Based Community Development listings. Then you'll find yourself censored and pounding at the gates. I was successful with a few of these, for a while, but then the gatekeepers found my additions and censored them. They said I was a conspiracy theorist and if I persisted in posting I'd be barred from making any changes or posts to Wikipedia in the future.” | Rosa Koire |
Related Document
Title | Type | Publication date | Author(s) | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Document:Censoring Criticism of the hate group concept | Article | 17 June 2019 | Amalric de Droevig | additions to the wikipedia 'Hate group' page by the author which were repeatedly deleted for no good reason |
References
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_censored
- ↑ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/7883064/MPs-scandals-covered-up-on-Wikipedia.html
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Ghostofnemo
- ↑ http://www.projectcensored.org/11-the-media-can-legally-lie/
- ↑ https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/caught-on-camera-top-lobbyists-boasting-how-they-influence-the-pm-6272760.html
- ↑ https://www.mintpressnews.com/pro-israel-activists-blacklist-mintpress-wikipedia/261022/
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log/delete&page=User:Ghostofnemo
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes#Frequently_asked_questions
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suicide_of_Vince_Foster&offset=&limit=250&action=history
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Office_actions&action=history