Difference between revisions of "Olof Palme"

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{{person
 
{{person
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|name=Sven Olof Joachim Palme
+
|name=Olof Palme
 +
|birth_name=Sven Olof Joachim Palme
 
|birth_date=30 January 1927
 
|birth_date=30 January 1927
 
|death_date=28 February 1986
 
|death_date=28 February 1986
 +
|death_cause=Olof Palme/Assassination
 +
|isgp=https://isgp-studies.com/DL_1986-02-28-olof-palme-assassination-cia-p2.php
 
|image=Olof_Palme.jpg
 
|image=Olof_Palme.jpg
−
|party=Social Democrats
+
|political_party=Swedish Social Democratic Party
 
|nationality=Swedish
 
|nationality=Swedish
 
|victim_of=assassination
 
|victim_of=assassination
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olof_Palme
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olof_Palme
 
|description=Leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1969, and two-term Prime Minister, until his assassination in 1986.
 
|description=Leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1969, and two-term Prime Minister, until his assassination in 1986.
 +
|spouses=Lisbet Palme
 +
|alma_mater=Sigtunaskolan,Stockholm University, Kenyon College
 +
|website=http://www.palmecenter.org
 +
|birth_place=Stockholm, Sweden
 +
|death_place=Stockholm, Sweden
 +
|political_parties=Swedish Social Democratic Party
 +
|children=Joakim, Mårten, Mattias
 +
|sourcewatch=http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Olof_Palme
 +
|wikiquote=http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Olof_Palme
 +
|employment={{job
 +
|title=Prime Minister of Sweden
 +
|start=14 October 1969
 +
|end=8 October 1976
 +
}}{{job
 +
|title=Prime Minister of Sweden
 +
|start=8 October 1982
 +
|end=28 February 1986
 +
}}{{job
 +
|title=Swedish Social Democratic Party/Leader
 +
|start=14 October 1969
 +
|end=28 February 1986
 +
}}{{job
 +
|title=President of the Nordic Council
 +
|start=1979
 +
|end=1979
 +
}}{{job
 +
|title=Sweden/Minister/Education
 +
|start=1 January 1968
 +
|end=14 October 1969
 +
}}{{job
 +
|title=Sweden/Minister/Communications
 +
|start=25 November 1965
 +
|end=29 September 1967
 +
}}{{job
 +
|title=
 +
|start=
 +
|end=
 
}}
 
}}
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'''Sven Olof Joachim Palme''' led the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1969 to his [[assassination]] in 1986, and was a two-term Prime Minister of Sweden, heading a Privy Council government from 1969 to 1976 and a cabinet government from 1982 until his death. Electoral defeats in 1976 and 1979 marked the end of Social Democratic hegemony in Swedish politics, which had seen 40 years of unbroken rule by the party.
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}}
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'''Olof Palme''' led the Swedish [[Social Democratic Party]] from [[1969]] to his [[Olof Palme/Assassination|assassination]] in [[1986]]. While being a part of the [[Sweden/Deep state|Swedish deep state]], he also was the target of a multiyear covert US campaign using submarines false flag ([[The secret war against Sweden]]). The [[Olof Palme/Assassination|assassination]] is still unresolved, thanks to a decidedly problematic police investigation.
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While leader of the opposition, Olof Palme divided domestic and international interests and served as special mediator of the United Nations in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War Iran–Iraq War], but returned to power as Prime Minister after stunning electoral victories in 1982 and 1985.
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{{FA|Olof Palme/Assassination}}
  
 
== Early life ==
 
== Early life ==
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Olof Palme was born into an upper-class, conservative family in Östermalm, Stockholm, Sweden. His father, a businessman, was of Dutch ancestry, and his mother, Freiin von Knieriem, was of Baltic German origin and had arrived in Sweden as a refugee in 1915. Great-grandfather Alexander von Knieriem (1837 - 1904) was an attorney general of the Senate of Russian Empire, senator and member of the State Council of Imperial Russia.<ref>[http://greatrussianpeople.ru/info7061.html Palme's ancestry]</ref> Palme's father died when he was six years old. Despite his upper-class background, his political orientation came to be influenced by Social Democratic attitudes. His travels in the Third World, as well as the United States, where he saw deep economic inequality and racial segregation, helped to develop these views.
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Olof Palme came from an upper-middle-class, conservative and at the same time tolerant and cosmopolitan family. His parents were [[Gunnar Palme]] (1886-1934), managing director of the Insurance Company Thule, and the [[Baltic-German]] [[Elisabeth von Knieriem]] (1890-1972), who was born in the Russian province of [[Livonia]] but came in [[1915]] as a refugee to [[Sweden]]. Her paternal grandmother Hanna von Born was of [[Finnish-Swedish]] nobility. As a four-year-old, Palme spoke French with his nanny, German with his mother, and Swedish with his siblings.
  
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A sickly child, Olof Palme received his education from private tutors. Even as a child he gained knowledge of two foreign languages. He studied at the Sigtuna School of Liberal Arts, one of Sweden's few residential high schools, and passed the university entrance examination with high marks at the early age of 17. He did his military service and became a reserve officer with the rank of captain. After military service he enrolled at the University of Stockholm.<ref name="Httpwwwunostampsnlperson_palmehtm">[http://www.unostamps.nl/person_palme.htm Military service]</ref>
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Olof Palme first attended private school in [[Stockholm]]. Later he transferred to the elite boarding school of [[Sigtuna]]. He did his military service as a lieutenant of cavalry.
  
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On a scholarship, he studied at Kenyon College, Ohio 1947–1948, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree.<ref>[http://www.kenyon.edu/x11211.xml Kenyon College web page]</ref> Inspired by radical debate in the student community, he wrote a critical essay on Friedrich Hayek's ''The Road to Serfdom''. Palme wrote his senior honor thesis on the United Auto Workers union, led at the time by Walter Reuther. After graduation he travelled throughout the country and eventually ended up in Detroit, where his hero Reuther agreed to an interview which lasted several hours. In later years, Palme regularly remarked during his many subsequent American visits, that the United States had made him a socialist, a remark that often has caused confusion. Within the context of his American experience, it was not that Palme was repelled by what he found in America, but rather that he was inspired by it.<ref>[[Hendrik Hertzberg]], “Death of a Patriot”, in: Idem, Politics. Observations and Arguments, 1966-2004 (New York: The Penguin Press, 2004) 263-266, there 264</ref>
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Through his mother's relationships, he began to write – unpaid – for the country's largest conservative newspaper, ''[[Svenska Dagbladet]]'', until he received a scholarship from the [[American-Scandinavian Foundation]] for [[Kenyon College]] in [[Ohio]], USA. Palme wrote his senior honour thesis on the [[United Auto Workers]] union, led at the time by [[Walter Reuther]]. On weekends he visited factories and got acquainted with the [[trade union]] movement. 1947/48 he received a Bachelor of Arts with a thesis on the concept of [[freedom]] in [[Friedrich August von Hayek]]'s ''The Road to Servitude''<ref>Bill Mayr: Remembering Olof Palme. In: Kenyon College Alumni Bulletin Vol. 34, No. 2, Winter 2012.</ref>, and followed it up with a few months off, during which he hitchhiked around 34 US states. According to his later self-assessment, the experience of the USA gave him a strong feeling for the [[social inequality]] prevailing there. In the autumn of [[1948]], Palme began studying law at the [[University of Stockholm]] and joined the Social Democratic Student Association there, in 1952/53 he was /chairman of the Swedish Student Body. He graduated with a Bachelor of Laws.
  
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After hitch-hiking through the [[USA]] and [[Mexico]], he returned to Sweden to study law at Stockholm University. In 1949 he became a member of the Swedish Social Democratic Party. During his time at university, Palme became involved in student politics, working with the Swedish National Union of Students. In 1951, he became a member of the social democratic student association in Stockholm, although it is asserted he did not attend their political meetings at the time. The following year he was elected President of the Swedish National Union of Students. As a student politician he concentrated on international affairs and traveled across Europe.<ref name="Httpwwwunostampsnlperson_palmehtm" />
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From 1949 to 1952 he was married to the Czech Jelena Rennerová in a fictitious marriage. On June 9, 1956, Palme married the psychologist [[Lisbeth Palme|Lisbeth Beck-Friis]]; they had three sons: Joachim, Marten and Mattias.
  
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Palme attributed his becoming a socialist to three major influences:
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==Early political career==
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* In 1947, he attended a debate on taxes between the Social Democrat Ernst Wigforss, the conservative Jarl Hjalmarson and the liberal Elon Andersson;
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Palme was a member of the Social Democratic Student Club in Stockholm (SSK). In [[1952]], Palme became chairman of the Swedish National Union of Students, a position he held for a year. In 1953 he was recruited to become Bureau secretary at the military Defence Staff in the government of prime minister [[Tage Erlander]], becoming Erlander's personal secretary and adviser. In the summer of [[1955]], was promoted to lieutenant in the cavalry reserve. In 1954, Palme advanced in the government office, becoming secretary of the Council of State, until 1961.
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* The time he spent in the United States in the 1940s made him realise how wide the class divide was in America, and the extent of racism against black people; and,
 
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* A trip to Asia, specifically India, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Burma, Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, and Japan in 1953 had opened his eyes to the consequences of colonialism and imperialism.
 
  
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== Political career ==
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In 1957 he was elected as a Member of Parliament representing Jönköping County in the directly-elected First Chamber (''Första kammaren'') of Sweden's Riksdag. In the early [[1960s]] Palme became a member of the [[SIDA|Agency for International Assistance]] (NIB) and was in charge of inquiries into assistance to the developing countries and educational aid.  
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In 1953, Olof Palme was recruited by the social democratic prime minister Tage Erlander to work in his secretariat. From 1955 he was a board member of the Swedish Social Democratic Youth League and lectured at the Youth League College Bommersvik. He also was a member of the Worker's Educational Association.
 
  
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In 1957 he was elected as a Member of Parliament representing Jönköping County in the directly-elected First Chamber (''Första kammaren'') of Sweden's Riksdag. In the early 1960s Palme became a member of the Agency for International Assistance (NIB) and was in charge of inquiries into assistance to the developing countries and educational aid. In 1963, he became a member of the Cabinet - as Minister without Portfolio in the Cabinet Office, and retained his duties as a close political adviser to Prime Minister Tage Erlander. In 1965, he became Minister of Transport and Communications. One issue of special interest to him was the further development of radio and television, while ensuring their independence from commercial interests. In 1967 he became Minister of Education and, the following year, he was the target of strong criticism from left-wing students protesting against the government's plans for university reform. The protests culminated with the occupation of the Student Union Building in Stockholm; Palme came there and tried to comfort the students, urging them to use democratic methods for the pursuit of their cause.<ref>[[Olof Palme - En levande vilja: Tal och intervjuer]]</ref> When party leader Tage Erlander stepped down in 1969, Olof Palme was elected as the new leader by the Social Democratic party congress and succeeded Erlander as Prime Minister.
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Palme was elected to [[Riksdagen|parliament]] in 1957. In 1963, he became a member of the Cabinet - as Minister without Portfolio in the Cabinet Office, and retained his duties as a close political adviser to Prime Minister Tage Erlander. In 1965, he became [[Sweden/Minister/Communications|Minister of Transport and Communications]]. In 1967 he became [[Sweden/Minister/Education|Minister of Education]] and, the following year, he was the target of strong criticism from left-wing students protesting against the government's plans for university reform.<ref>[[Olof Palme - En levande vilja: Tal och intervjuer]]</ref> When party leader Tage Erlander stepped down in 1969, Olof Palme was elected as the new leader by the Social Democratic party congress and succeeded Erlander as Prime Minister.
  
 
== Policies ==
 
== Policies ==
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Domestically, his socialist views — especially the Social Democrat drive to expand Labour Union influence over business — engendered a great deal of hostility from more conservatively inclined Swedes.
 
Domestically, his socialist views — especially the Social Democrat drive to expand Labour Union influence over business — engendered a great deal of hostility from more conservatively inclined Swedes.
  
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Olof Palme carried out major reforms in the Swedish constitution such as orchestrating a switch from bicameralism to unicameralism in 1969 and in 1975 replacing the 166-year-old Instrument of Government (at the time the oldest political constitution in the world after that of the United States) with a new one officially establishing parliamentary democracy rather than ''de jure'' monarchic autocracy, abolishing the Privy Council of Sweden and stripping King Carl XVI Gustav of most powers held even by ceremonial monarchs in [[Denmark]], [[Norway]] and the [[United Kingdom]].
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Olof Palme carried out major reforms in the Swedish constitution such as orchestrating a switch from bicameralism to unicameralism in 1969 and in 1975 replacing the 166-year-old Instrument of Government (at the time the oldest political constitution in the world after that of the United States) with a new one officially establishing parliamentary democracy rather than ''de jure'' monarchic autocracy, abolishing the Privy Council of Sweden and stripping King [[Carl XVI Gustav]] of most powers held even by ceremonial monarchs in [[Denmark]], [[Norway]] and the [[United Kingdom]].
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His reforms on labour market included establishing a law which increased job security. In the Swedish 1973 general election the Socialist-Communist and the Liberal-Conservative blocs got 175 places each in the parliament. The Palme administration continued to govern the country but several times they had to draw lots to decide on some issues, although most important issues were decided through concessional agreement.<ref>[http://karisable.com/palme.htm "The Palme Administration"]</ref>
 
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Under Olof Palme's government matters concerned with child care centres, social security, protection of the elderly, accident safety, and housing problems received special attention. Under Palme the public health system in Sweden became efficient, with the infant mortality rate standing at 12 per 1,000 live births. <ref>[http://info.lanic.utexas.edu/la/cb/cuba/castro/1975/19750729 "Social policy"]</ref> An ambitious redistributive programme was carried out, with special help provided to the disabled, immigrants, the low paid, single-parent families, and the old.<ref>"Socialists in the Recession: The Search for Solidarity" by Giles Radice and Lisanne Radice</ref> The Swedish welfare state was significantly expanded from a position already one of the most far-reaching in the world during his time in office,<ref>Taxation, Wage Bargaining and Unemployment by Isabela Mares</ref> while tax rates rose from being fairly low even by European standards to one of the highest levels in the Western world. Olof Palme's last government, elected during a time when Sweden's economy was in difficult shape, sought to pursue a "third way," designed to stimulate investment, production, and employment, having ruled out classical Keynesian policies as a result of the growing burden of foreign debt, together with the big balance of payments and budget deficits. This involved "equality of sacrifice," whereby wage restraint would be accompanied by increases in welfare provision and more progressive taxation. For instance, taxes on wealth, gifts, and inheritance were increased, while tax benefits to shareholders were either reduced or eliminated. In addition, various welfare cuts carried out before Olof's return to office were rescinded. The previous system of indexing pensions and other benefits was restored, the grant-in-aid scheme for municipal child care facilities was re-established, unemployment insurance was restored in full, and the so-called "no benefit days" for those drawing sickness benefits were cancelled. Increases were also made to both food subsidies and child allowances, while the employee investment funds (which represented a radical form of profit-sharing) were introduced.  
 
  
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As a forerunner in green politics Olof Palme was a firm believer in nuclear power as a necessary form of energy, at least for a transitional period to curb the use of fossil fuel.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8cqbdE0j64 "Palme's green politics"]</ref> His intervention in Sweden's 1980 referendum on the future of nuclear power is often pinpointed by opponents of nuclear power as saving it. Nuclear power remains one of the most important sources of energy in Sweden, much attributed to Palme's actions.
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Olof Palme was a firm believer in [[nuclear power]] as a necessary form of energy, at least for a transitional period to curb the use of fossil fuel.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8cqbdE0j64 "Palme's green politics"]</ref> His intervention in Sweden's 1980 referendum on the future of nuclear power is often pinpointed by opponents of nuclear power as saving it. Nuclear power remains one of the most important sources of energy in Sweden, much attributed to Palme's actions.
  
 
On 21 February 1968, Palme (then Minister of Education) participated in a protest in Stockholm against U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War together with the North Vietnamese Ambassador to the Soviet Union [[Nguyen Tho Chan]]. The protest was organised by the Swedish Committee for Vietnam and Palme and Nguyen were both invited as speakers. As a result of this, the U.S. recalled its Ambassador from Sweden and Palme was fiercely criticised by the opposition for his participation in the protest.<ref>[http://www.olofpalme.org/ingangar/tema/vietnam/ "Olof Palme och Vietnamfrågan 1965-1983"]</ref>
 
On 21 February 1968, Palme (then Minister of Education) participated in a protest in Stockholm against U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War together with the North Vietnamese Ambassador to the Soviet Union [[Nguyen Tho Chan]]. The protest was organised by the Swedish Committee for Vietnam and Palme and Nguyen were both invited as speakers. As a result of this, the U.S. recalled its Ambassador from Sweden and Palme was fiercely criticised by the opposition for his participation in the protest.<ref>[http://www.olofpalme.org/ingangar/tema/vietnam/ "Olof Palme och Vietnamfrågan 1965-1983"]</ref>
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On 23 December 1972, Palme (then Prime Minister) made a speech on Swedish national radio where he compared the ongoing US bombings of Hanoi to historical atrocities, namely the bombing of Guernica, the massacres of Oradour-sur-Glane, Babi Yar, Katyn massacre, Lidice, the Sharpeville massacre and the Treblinka extermination camp. The US government called the comparison a "gross insult" and once again decided to freeze its diplomatic relations with Sweden (this time the freeze lasted for over a year).<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvANQqWFsW4 "Anti-US speech"]</ref>
 
On 23 December 1972, Palme (then Prime Minister) made a speech on Swedish national radio where he compared the ongoing US bombings of Hanoi to historical atrocities, namely the bombing of Guernica, the massacres of Oradour-sur-Glane, Babi Yar, Katyn massacre, Lidice, the Sharpeville massacre and the Treblinka extermination camp. The US government called the comparison a "gross insult" and once again decided to freeze its diplomatic relations with Sweden (this time the freeze lasted for over a year).<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvANQqWFsW4 "Anti-US speech"]</ref>
  
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Despite such associations and contrary to stated Social Democratic Party policy, Sweden had in fact secretly maintained extensive military co-operation with NATO over a long period, and was even under the protection of a US military security guarantee.
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Despite such associations, and contrary to stated Social Democratic Party policy, Sweden in fact secretly maintained extensive military co-operation with NATO over a long period, and was even under the protection of a US military security guarantee.
  
 
In response to Palme's remarks in a meeting with the US ambassador to Sweden ahead of the Socialist International Meeting in Helsingør in January 1976,<ref>[http://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=110438&dt=2082&dl=1345 "Discussion with Prime Minister Palme of Socialist Meeting in Denmark - January 18–19"]</ref> Kissinger asked the US ambassador to "(...) convey my personal appreciation to Palme for his frank presentation (...).<ref>[http://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=110437&dt=2082&dl=1345 "Palme's views on Socialist International meeting"]</ref>
 
In response to Palme's remarks in a meeting with the US ambassador to Sweden ahead of the Socialist International Meeting in Helsingør in January 1976,<ref>[http://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=110438&dt=2082&dl=1345 "Discussion with Prime Minister Palme of Socialist Meeting in Denmark - January 18–19"]</ref> Kissinger asked the US ambassador to "(...) convey my personal appreciation to Palme for his frank presentation (...).<ref>[http://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=110437&dt=2082&dl=1345 "Palme's views on Socialist International meeting"]</ref>
  
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Shortly before his assassination, Palme had been accused of being pro-Soviet and not sufficiently safeguarding Sweden's national interest. Arrangements had therefore been made for him to go to Moscow to discuss a number of contentious bilateral issues, including alleged Soviet submarine incursions into Swedish waters.<ref>[http://www.thelocal.se/32314/20110228/ "Palme's political legacy 'put Sweden on the map'"]</ref>
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==Palme hatred==
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Born into the upper class and with upper class manners and speech, but belonging to the [[Swedish Social Democrats|Social Democrats]] and at at times with declared left-radical policies, Palme was seen both as a [[class traitor]] and outright Soviet [[traitor]] by some, he was hated more than any other left-wing politician, a phenomenon noted and given the name '''the Palme hatred'''. The haters were a mixture of disparate right-wing elements: outright [[Nazis]] and [[neoliberals]]. The old order establishment alongside nationalist revolutionaries. [[Economists]] side by side with [[Sweden/Military|naval officers]]. Conservatives and right-wing extremists, businessmen, the bourgeoisie, the [[CIA]] and the [[Sweden/Police|police]].<ref>https://www.fria.nu/artikel/121977</ref> In several [[right-wing]] circles the assassination was welcomed with joy. <ref>https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/bitter-lessons-olof-palmes-murder/</ref>
  
 
==Assassination==
 
==Assassination==
 
{{FA|Olof Palme/Assassination}}
 
{{FA|Olof Palme/Assassination}}
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[[File:Mandela_and_Mrs_Palme.jpg|400px|thumb|Upon his release from prison in 1990, [[Nelson Mandela]] meets Mrs Palme in Stockholm]]
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[[image:SA_Mil_Int.jpg|left|380px|thumbnail|An alleged [[SADF]] Military Intelligence report, dated 15 October 1985, concluded that Palme "should be seen as an enemy of the State." He was [[Olof Palme/Assassination|assassinated]] in February 1986.]]
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Olof Palme was assassinated in Sweden on 28 February 1986 by a lone gunman whilst walking home from a cinema with his wife. A rather problematic {{ON}} of the assassination suggests that it was the work of a '[[lone nut]]'. Evidence is gradually emerging that his assassination was a [[deep event]]. Deputy Prime Minister [[Ingvar Carlsson]] immediately assumed the duties of Prime Minister, a post he retained until 1991 (and then again in 1994-1996). He also took over the leadership of the Social Democratic Party, which he held until 1996.
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[[File:Mandela_and_Mrs_Palme.jpg|310px|thumbmail|right|Upon his release from prison in 1990, [[Nelson Mandela]] meets Mrs Palme in Stockholm]]
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{{SMWDocs}}
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Olof Palme was assassinated in Sweden on 28 February 1986 whilst walking home from a cinema with his wife. A decidedly problematic {{ON}} of the assassination suggests that it was the work of a "[[lone nut]]". Evidence is gradually emerging that his assassination was a [[deep event]], including a document from October 1985 before his assassination that stated that "should be seen as an enemy of the State."<ref>[[Document:Olof Palme — South African Spies Likely Murdered Sweden Prime Minister]]</ref> A [[Dutch]] documentary had a [[Belgian]] investigator saying the murder was the work of Operation Gladio.<ref>https://wikispooks.com/wiki/Operati%C3%ABn_en_Inlichtingen#Divisions</ref>
  
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==References==
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===Suspect named===
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{{Reflist|2}}
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After spending the first two years on goose chases, the [[Sweden/Police|police]] in 1988 chose to finger [[Christer Pettersson]], an alcoholic petty criminal as the killer, and managed to convict him, but it was overturned on appeal. Other suspects are mooted from time to time, including [[Stig Engström]], an advertising consultant named as the "[[lone nut]]" suspect in the murder case by authorities on 10 June 2020, 34 years after the assassination.<ref>https://www.arabnews.com/node/1687671/world</ref><ref>''[https://inews.co.uk/news/olof-palme-assassination-stig-engstrom-killer-suspect-sweden-prime-minister-442461 "Olof Palme assassination: Stig Engström named as suspected killer of Swedish Prime Minister"]''</ref>
  
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== Bibliography ==
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==''Palme'', the documentary==
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* {{Citation |last1=Antman |first1=Peter |last2=Schori |first2=Pierre |author2-link=Pierre Schori |title=Olof Palme : den gränslöse reformisten |publisher=Tiden |place=Stockholm |year=1996 |isbn=91-518-2948-7}}
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[[File:PalmePoster.jpg|200px|right|thumb|The 2012 film ''Palme'']]
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* {{Citation |last=Arvidsson |first=Claes |title=Olof Palme : med verkligheten som fiende |publisher=Timbro |place=Stockholm |year=2007 |isbn=978-91-7566-539-9}}
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''Palme'' is a Swedish documentary film premiered in Sweden on 14 September 2012 and written by Maud Nycander and Kristina Lindström. The film is a biographical portrait of the former prime minister Olof Palme, and covers his life from childhood to the role as a leading figure of Swedish politics. On general release in 2012, it has been shown as a 103-minute long feature film, and as a 175-minute long TV-movie in three parts on SVT at Christmas and New Year.<ref>[http://www.svt.se/palme/se-program/tabla/ "SVT: Programtablå Palme"]</ref> On Friday evening, February 28, 1986 Olof Palme was shot dead in the street. The day after, news reached out to the people that the country's prime minister was dead, and the whole country found itself suddenly shocked. The film follows Palme's life from his youth until he is assassinated. It contains material from Palme's family that has never been shown in public, private snapshots and family movies.
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* {{Citation |last=Åsard |first=Erik |title=Politikern Olof Palme |publisher=Hjalmarson & Högberg |place=Stockholm |year=2002 |isbn=91-89080-88-2}}
 
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*{{Citation |last=Berggren |first=Henrik |title=Underbara dagar framför oss - En biografi över Olof Palme |publisher=Norsteds |place=Stockholm |year=2010 |isbn=978-91-1-301708-2}}
 
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* {{Citation |last=Björk |first=Gunnela |title=Olof Palme och medierna |publisher=Boréa |place=Umeå |year=2006 |isbn=91-89140-45-1}}
 
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* {{Citation |last=Ekengren |first=Ann-Marie |title=Olof Palme och utrikespolitiken : Europa och Tredje världen |publisher=Boréa |place=Umeå |year=2005 |isbn=91-89140-41-9}}
 
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* {{Citation |last=Elmbrant |first=Björn |title=Palme |edition=2nd |publisher=Fischer |place=Stockholm |year=1996 |isbn=91-7054-797-1}}
 
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* {{Citation |last=Fredriksson |first=Gunnar |title=Olof Palme |publisher=Norstedt |place=Stockholm |year=1986 |isbn=91-1-863472-9}}
 
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* {{Citation |last=Gummesson |first=Jonas |title=Olof Palmes ungdomsår : bland nazister och spioner |publisher=Ekerlid |place=Stockholm |year=2001 |isbn=91-88595-95-1}}
 
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* {{Citation |last1=Haste |first1=Hans |last2=Olsson |first2=Lars Erik |last3=Strandberg |first3=Lars |last4=Adler |first4=Arne |title=Boken om Olof Palme : hans liv, hans gärning, hans död |publisher=Tiden |place=Stockholm |year=1986 |isbn=91-550-3218-4}}
 
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* {{Citation |last1=Hermansson |first1=Håkan |last2=Wenander |first2=Lars |title=Uppdrag: Olof Palme : hatet, jakten, kampanjerna |publisher=Tiden |place=Stockholm |year=1987 |isbn=91-550-3340-7}}
 
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* {{Citation |last=Isaksson |first=Christer |title=Palme privat : i skuggan av Erlander |publisher=Ekerlid |place=Stockholm |year=1995 |isbn=91-88594-36-X}}
 
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* {{Citation |last=Kullenberg |first=Annette |title=Palme och kvinnorna |publisher=Brevskolan |place=Stockholm |year=1996 |isbn=91-574-4512-5}}
 
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* {{Citation |last=Larsson |first=Ulf |title=Olof Palme och utbildningspolitiken |publisher=Hjalmarson & Högberg |place=Stockholm |year=2003 |isbn=91-89660-24-2}}
 
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* {{Citation |last=Malm-Andersson |first=Ingrid |title=Olof Palme : en bibliografi |publisher=Arbetarrörelsens arkiv och bibliotek |place=Hedemora |year=2001 |isbn=91-7844-349-0}}
 
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* {{Citation |last=Östberg |first=Kjell |title=I takt med tiden : Olof Palme 1927-1969 |publisher=Leopard |place=Stockholm |year=2008 |isbn=978-91-7343-208-5}}
 
−
* {{Citation |last=Östergren |first=Bertil |title=Vem är Olof Palme? : ett politiskt porträtt |publisher=Timbro |place=Stockholm |year=1984 |isbn=91-7566-037-7}}
 
−
* {{Citation |last=Palme |first=Claës |title=Olof Palme |publisher=Kirjayhtymä |place=Helsinki |year=1986 |isbn=951-26-2963-1}}
 
−
* {{Citation |last=Palme |first=Olof |title=Sveriges utrikespolitik : anföranden |publisher=Tiden |place=Stockholm |year=1984 |isbn=91-550-2948-5}}
 
−
* {{Citation |last=Palme |first=Olof |title=Politik är att vilja |edition=3rd |publisher=Prisma |place=Stockholm |year=1986 |isbn=91-518-2045-5}}
 
−
* {{Citation |last=Palme |first=Olof |title=Att vilja gå vidare |edition=2nd |publisher=Tiden |place=Stockholm |year=1986 |isbn=91-550-3224-9}}
 
−
* {{Citation |last1=Palme |first1=Olof |last2=Richard |first2=Serge |last3=Åkerman |first3=Nordal |title=Med egna ord : samtal med Serge Richard och Nordal Åkerman |publisher=Bromberg |place=Uppsala |year=1977 |isbn=91-85342-32-7}}
 
−
* {{Citation |last1=Palme |first1=Olof |last2=Dahlgren |first2=Hans |title=En levande vilja |publisher=Tiden |place=Stockholm |year=1987 |isbn=91-550-3225-7}}
 
−
* {{Citation |last1=Palme |first1=Olof |last2=Hansson |first2=Sven Ove |last3=Dahlgren |first3=Hans |title=Palme själv : texter i urval |publisher=Tiden |place=Stockholm |year=1996 |isbn=91-518-2947-9}}
 
−
* {{Citation |last=Palme |first=Olof |title=Solidaritet utan gränser : tal och texter i urval |publisher=Atlas |place=Stockholm |year=2006 |isbn=91-7389-219-X}}
 
−
* {{Citation |last=Peterson |first=Thage G. |author-link=Thage G. Peterson |title=Olof Palme som jag minns honom |publisher=Bonnier |place=Stockholm |year=2002 |isbn=91-0-058042-2}}
 
−
* {{Citation |last=Strand |first=Dieter |title=Palme mot Fälldin : rapporter från vägen till nederlaget |publisher=Rabén & Sjögren |place=Stockholm |year=1977 |isbn=91-29-50309-4}}
 
−
* {{Citation |last=Strand |first=Dieter |title=Palme igen? : scener ur en partiledares liv |publisher=Norstedt |place=Stockholm |year=1980 |isbn=91-1-801351-1}}
 
−
* {{Citation |last=Strand |first=Dieter |title=Med Palme : scener ur en partiledares och statsministers liv |publisher=Norstedt |place=Stockholm |year=1986 |isbn=91-1-861431-0}}
 
−
* {{Citation |last=Svedgård |first=Lars B. |title=Palme : en presentation |publisher=Rabén & Sjögren |place=Stockholm |year=1970 |isbn=9901109116}}
 
−
* {{Citation |last1=Zachrisson |first1=Birgitta |last2=Alandh |first2=Tom |last3=Henriksson |first3=Björn |title=Berättelser om Palme |publisher=Norstedt |place=Stockholm |year=1996 |isbn=91-1-960002-X}}
 
  
 
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
−
* [http://www.olofpalme.org/ Olof Palme Archives]
+
* [http://www.olofpalme.org/ Olof Palme Archives] - [http://www.palmefonden.se/ Olof Palme Memorial Fund] - [http://www.palmecenter.org/ Olof Palme International Center]
−
* [http://www.palmefonden.se/ Olof Palme Memorial Fund]
+
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210514174509/https://dennisriches.wordpress.com/2021/04/28/the-swedish-submarine-scare-and-the-palme-assassination-lessons-from-the-1980s-in-media-manipulation-in-liberal-democracies/ The Swedish Submarine Scare and the Palme Assassination: Lessons from the 1980s in Media Manipulation in Liberal Democracies] - (see [[The Reagan Method]])
−
* [http://www.palmecenter.org/ Olof Palme International Center]
 
−
 
 
  
 +
{{SMWDocs}}
 
{{PageCredit
 
{{PageCredit
 
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|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olof_Palme&oldid=544761995  
 
|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olof_Palme&oldid=544761995  
 
}}
 
}}
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==References==
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{{reflist}}

Latest revision as of 22:42, 1 December 2024

Person.png Olof Palme   ISGP Sourcewatch Website WikiquoteRdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Olof Palme.jpg
BornSven Olof Joachim Palme
30 January 1927
Stockholm, Sweden
Died28 February 1986 (Age 59)
Stockholm, Sweden
Cause of death
Olof Palme/Assassination
NationalitySwedish
Alma materSigtunaskolan, Stockholm University, Kenyon College
Children • Joakim
• Mårten
• Mattias
SpouseLisbet Palme
Victim ofassassination
Interest ofSven Aspling
PartySwedish Social Democratic Party
Subpage•Olof Palme/Assassination
Leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1969, and two-term Prime Minister, until his assassination in 1986.

Employment.png Prime Minister of Sweden Wikipedia-icon.png

In office
14 October 1969 - 8 October 1976
Preceded byTage Erlander
Succeeded byThorbjörn Fälldin

Employment.png Prime Minister of Sweden Wikipedia-icon.png

In office
8 October 1982 - 28 February 1986

Employment.png Swedish Social Democratic Party/Leader

In office
14 October 1969 - 28 February 1986

Employment.png President of the Nordic Council

In office
1979
Preceded byOlof Palme
Succeeded byOlof Palme

Employment.png Sweden/Minister/Education Wikipedia-icon.png

In office
1 January 1968 - 14 October 1969

Employment.png Sweden/Minister/Communications

In office
25 November 1965 - 29 September 1967

Employment.png 

Dates unknown

Olof Palme led the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1969 to his assassination in 1986. While being a part of the Swedish deep state, he also was the target of a multiyear covert US campaign using submarines false flag (The secret war against Sweden). The assassination is still unresolved, thanks to a decidedly problematic police investigation.

Full article: Olof Palme/Assassination

Early life

Olof Palme came from an upper-middle-class, conservative and at the same time tolerant and cosmopolitan family. His parents were Gunnar Palme (1886-1934), managing director of the Insurance Company Thule, and the Baltic-German Elisabeth von Knieriem (1890-1972), who was born in the Russian province of Livonia but came in 1915 as a refugee to Sweden. Her paternal grandmother Hanna von Born was of Finnish-Swedish nobility. As a four-year-old, Palme spoke French with his nanny, German with his mother, and Swedish with his siblings.

Olof Palme first attended private school in Stockholm. Later he transferred to the elite boarding school of Sigtuna. He did his military service as a lieutenant of cavalry.

Through his mother's relationships, he began to write – unpaid – for the country's largest conservative newspaper, Svenska Dagbladet, until he received a scholarship from the American-Scandinavian Foundation for Kenyon College in Ohio, USA. Palme wrote his senior honour thesis on the United Auto Workers union, led at the time by Walter Reuther. On weekends he visited factories and got acquainted with the trade union movement. 1947/48 he received a Bachelor of Arts with a thesis on the concept of freedom in Friedrich August von Hayek's The Road to Servitude[1], and followed it up with a few months off, during which he hitchhiked around 34 US states. According to his later self-assessment, the experience of the USA gave him a strong feeling for the social inequality prevailing there. In the autumn of 1948, Palme began studying law at the University of Stockholm and joined the Social Democratic Student Association there, in 1952/53 he was /chairman of the Swedish Student Body. He graduated with a Bachelor of Laws.

From 1949 to 1952 he was married to the Czech Jelena Rennerová in a fictitious marriage. On June 9, 1956, Palme married the psychologist Lisbeth Beck-Friis; they had three sons: Joachim, Marten and Mattias.

Early political career

Palme was a member of the Social Democratic Student Club in Stockholm (SSK). In 1952, Palme became chairman of the Swedish National Union of Students, a position he held for a year. In 1953 he was recruited to become Bureau secretary at the military Defence Staff in the government of prime minister Tage Erlander, becoming Erlander's personal secretary and adviser. In the summer of 1955, was promoted to lieutenant in the cavalry reserve. In 1954, Palme advanced in the government office, becoming secretary of the Council of State, until 1961.

In 1957 he was elected as a Member of Parliament representing Jönköping County in the directly-elected First Chamber (Första kammaren) of Sweden's Riksdag. In the early 1960s Palme became a member of the Agency for International Assistance (NIB) and was in charge of inquiries into assistance to the developing countries and educational aid.

Palme was elected to parliament in 1957. In 1963, he became a member of the Cabinet - as Minister without Portfolio in the Cabinet Office, and retained his duties as a close political adviser to Prime Minister Tage Erlander. In 1965, he became Minister of Transport and Communications. In 1967 he became Minister of Education and, the following year, he was the target of strong criticism from left-wing students protesting against the government's plans for university reform.[2] When party leader Tage Erlander stepped down in 1969, Olof Palme was elected as the new leader by the Social Democratic party congress and succeeded Erlander as Prime Minister.

Policies

As leader of a new generation of Swedish Social Democrats, Olof Palme was often described as a "revolutionary reformist".[3][4] Domestically, his socialist views — especially the Social Democrat drive to expand Labour Union influence over business — engendered a great deal of hostility from more conservatively inclined Swedes.

Olof Palme carried out major reforms in the Swedish constitution such as orchestrating a switch from bicameralism to unicameralism in 1969 and in 1975 replacing the 166-year-old Instrument of Government (at the time the oldest political constitution in the world after that of the United States) with a new one officially establishing parliamentary democracy rather than de jure monarchic autocracy, abolishing the Privy Council of Sweden and stripping King Carl XVI Gustav of most powers held even by ceremonial monarchs in Denmark, Norway and the United Kingdom.

Olof Palme was a firm believer in nuclear power as a necessary form of energy, at least for a transitional period to curb the use of fossil fuel.[5] His intervention in Sweden's 1980 referendum on the future of nuclear power is often pinpointed by opponents of nuclear power as saving it. Nuclear power remains one of the most important sources of energy in Sweden, much attributed to Palme's actions.

On 21 February 1968, Palme (then Minister of Education) participated in a protest in Stockholm against U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War together with the North Vietnamese Ambassador to the Soviet Union Nguyen Tho Chan. The protest was organised by the Swedish Committee for Vietnam and Palme and Nguyen were both invited as speakers. As a result of this, the U.S. recalled its Ambassador from Sweden and Palme was fiercely criticised by the opposition for his participation in the protest.[6]

On 23 December 1972, Palme (then Prime Minister) made a speech on Swedish national radio where he compared the ongoing US bombings of Hanoi to historical atrocities, namely the bombing of Guernica, the massacres of Oradour-sur-Glane, Babi Yar, Katyn massacre, Lidice, the Sharpeville massacre and the Treblinka extermination camp. The US government called the comparison a "gross insult" and once again decided to freeze its diplomatic relations with Sweden (this time the freeze lasted for over a year).[7]

Despite such associations, and contrary to stated Social Democratic Party policy, Sweden in fact secretly maintained extensive military co-operation with NATO over a long period, and was even under the protection of a US military security guarantee.

In response to Palme's remarks in a meeting with the US ambassador to Sweden ahead of the Socialist International Meeting in Helsingør in January 1976,[8] Kissinger asked the US ambassador to "(...) convey my personal appreciation to Palme for his frank presentation (...).[9]

Palme hatred

Born into the upper class and with upper class manners and speech, but belonging to the Social Democrats and at at times with declared left-radical policies, Palme was seen both as a class traitor and outright Soviet traitor by some, he was hated more than any other left-wing politician, a phenomenon noted and given the name the Palme hatred. The haters were a mixture of disparate right-wing elements: outright Nazis and neoliberals. The old order establishment alongside nationalist revolutionaries. Economists side by side with naval officers. Conservatives and right-wing extremists, businessmen, the bourgeoisie, the CIA and the police.[10] In several right-wing circles the assassination was welcomed with joy. [11]

Assassination

Full article: Olof Palme/Assassination
An alleged SADF Military Intelligence report, dated 15 October 1985, concluded that Palme "should be seen as an enemy of the State." He was assassinated in February 1986.
Upon his release from prison in 1990, Nelson Mandela meets Mrs Palme in Stockholm

Olof Palme was assassinated in Sweden on 28 February 1986 whilst walking home from a cinema with his wife. A decidedly problematic Official Narrative of the assassination suggests that it was the work of a "lone nut". Evidence is gradually emerging that his assassination was a deep event, including a document from October 1985 before his assassination that stated that "should be seen as an enemy of the State."[12] A Dutch documentary had a Belgian investigator saying the murder was the work of Operation Gladio.[13]

Suspect named

After spending the first two years on goose chases, the police in 1988 chose to finger Christer Pettersson, an alcoholic petty criminal as the killer, and managed to convict him, but it was overturned on appeal. Other suspects are mooted from time to time, including Stig Engström, an advertising consultant named as the "lone nut" suspect in the murder case by authorities on 10 June 2020, 34 years after the assassination.[14][15]

Palme, the documentary

The 2012 film Palme

Palme is a Swedish documentary film premiered in Sweden on 14 September 2012 and written by Maud Nycander and Kristina Lindström. The film is a biographical portrait of the former prime minister Olof Palme, and covers his life from childhood to the role as a leading figure of Swedish politics. On general release in 2012, it has been shown as a 103-minute long feature film, and as a 175-minute long TV-movie in three parts on SVT at Christmas and New Year.[16] On Friday evening, February 28, 1986 Olof Palme was shot dead in the street. The day after, news reached out to the people that the country's prime minister was dead, and the whole country found itself suddenly shocked. The film follows Palme's life from his youth until he is assassinated. It contains material from Palme's family that has never been shown in public, private snapshots and family movies.

External links


 

A Olof Palme victim on Wikispooks

TitleDescription
Olof PalmeLeader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1969, and two-term Prime Minister, until his assassination in 1986.

 

Appointments by Olof Palme

AppointeeJobAppointedEnd
Bernt CarlssonSpecial Emissary to the Middle East and Africa19831985
Kjell-Olof FeldtSweden/Minister/Finance1 January 198316 February 1990

 

Events Participated in

EventStartEndLocation(s)Description
Bilderberg/19652 April 19654 April 1965Italy
Villa d'Este		The 14th Bilderberg meeting, held in Italy
Bilderberg/197311 May 197313 May 1973Sweden
Saltsjöbaden		The meeting at which the 1973 oil crisis appears to have been planned.
Bilderberg/198411 May 198413 May 1984Sweden
Saltsjöbaden		The 32nd Bilderberg, held in Sweden
Geijer AffairSwedenSwedish 1970s prostitution/VIPaedophile exposure with possible intelligence blackmail ties.

 

Related Documents

TitleTypePublication dateAuthor(s)Description
Document:Afterword to "Who Really Killed Chris Hani?"Book29 February 2024Christopher NicholsonCourts have decided that freedom of expression trumps all other rights as without it nobody, including the courts, would ever hear of breaches of other rights. So those who have attempted to suppress this book have prevented the world from discovering and prosecuting the criminals, who perpetrated the foul murders. In law we would describe them as accessories after the fact of these killings.
Document:Olof Palme - The Man Who Played With Firebook review2020Simon MatthewsBernt Carlsson, a colleague of Olof Palme’s and UN Commissioner for Namibia 1987-1988, died in the Lockerbie bombing on 21 December 1988. Carlsson's presence on Pan Am Flight 103 has been cited as the reason it was bombed.
Document:Olof Palme — South African Spies Likely Murdered Sweden Prime MinisterArticle12 March 2018Ludwig De BraeckeleerTop Secret Apartheid Intelligence Report says that Olof Palme must “now be seen as an enemy of the State”
Document:PanAm-Rätsel LOCKERBIE: Es war Südafrika!…so wie bei Olof PalmeArticle6 October 1996Kurt Seinitz"It would have been easy for South African secret service agents, who had infiltrated Sweden's anti-apartheid movement, to exchange Carlsson's tape recorder in a hotel room against one containing the bomb. And then placing it inside one of those 'ubiquitous' Samsonite suitcases, so beloved by the peripatetic Bernt Carlsson."
Document:Reinstatement in HM Diplomatic ServiceLetter6 January 1997Patrick HaseldineA plea for reinstatement in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office by "Thatcher's Whitehall Critic"
Document:Who Really Killed Chris Hani?Book29 February 2024Christopher Nicholson"Apart from Chris Hani’s murder, we deal with five others, spread over three decades: Patrice Lumumba in September 1961; Dag Hammarskjöld on 18 September 1961; Olof Palme on 28 February 1986; Bernt Carlsson on 21 December 1988; and Anton Lubowski on 12 September 1989."
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Wikipedia.png This page imported content from Wikipedia on 19 March 2013.
Wikipedia is not affiliated with Wikispooks.   Original page source here

References

  1. ↑ Bill Mayr: Remembering Olof Palme. In: Kenyon College Alumni Bulletin Vol. 34, No. 2, Winter 2012.
  2. ↑ Olof Palme - En levande vilja: Tal och intervjuer
  3. ↑ Dagens Nyheter 23 January 2007
  4. ↑ "Detta borde vara vårt arv" by Åsa Linderborg, Aftonbladet 28 February 2006
  5. ↑ "Palme's green politics"
  6. ↑ "Olof Palme och Vietnamfrågan 1965-1983"
  7. ↑ "Anti-US speech"
  8. ↑ "Discussion with Prime Minister Palme of Socialist Meeting in Denmark - January 18–19"
  9. ↑ "Palme's views on Socialist International meeting"
  10. ↑ https://www.fria.nu/artikel/121977
  11. ↑ https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/bitter-lessons-olof-palmes-murder/
  12. ↑ Document:Olof Palme — South African Spies Likely Murdered Sweden Prime Minister
  13. ↑ https://wikispooks.com/wiki/Operati%C3%ABn_en_Inlichtingen#Divisions
  14. ↑ https://www.arabnews.com/node/1687671/world
  15. ↑ "Olof Palme assassination: Stig Engström named as suspected killer of Swedish Prime Minister"
  16. ↑ "SVT: Programtablå Palme"
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