Difference between revisions of "Ferdinand Grapperhaus"

From Wikispooks
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Small intro, will come back. This is the main deep political post of maintenance next to PM here.)
 
m (hcard)
 
(17 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
 
|image=Grapperhaus.jpg
 
|image=Grapperhaus.jpg
 
|birth_date=08-11-1959
 
|birth_date=08-11-1959
 +
|description=Viceroy of [[Amsterdam]]'s financial district, [[Dutch]] Justice Minister, [[COVID-19]] Dutch Head-coordinator.
 
|death_date=
 
|death_date=
−
|constitutes=politician, civil servant, lawyer, professor
+
|constitutes=politician, civil servant, lawyer, professor, deep state operative?
 
|spouses=
 
|spouses=
−
|alma_mater=University of Amsterdam  
+
|alma_mater=University of Amsterdam
 
|website=
 
|website=
 
|birth_name=Ferdinand Bernhard Joseph Grapperhaus
 
|birth_name=Ferdinand Bernhard Joseph Grapperhaus
−
|birth_place=Amsterdam, North Holland
+
|birth_place=Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands
 
|nationality=Dutch
 
|nationality=Dutch
−
|religion=Christian
+
|religion=Roman-Catholic
 
|political_parties=Christian Democratic Appeal
 
|political_parties=Christian Democratic Appeal
 
|children=4
 
|children=4
Line 18: Line 19:
 
|wikiquote=
 
|wikiquote=
 
|employment={{job
 
|employment={{job
−
|title=Minister of Security and Justice
+
|title=Netherlands/Minister of Justice and Security
 
|start=October 2017
 
|start=October 2017
−
|end=
+
|end=2022
 
|employer=
 
|employer=
 
|description=
 
|description=
Line 26: Line 27:
 
{{
 
{{
 
job
 
job
−
|title=Chairman of the program commission of the CDA-party
+
|title=Chairman of the program commission
 
|start=2010
 
|start=2010
 
|end=2010
 
|end=2010
Line 42: Line 43:
 
{{
 
{{
 
job
 
job
−
|title=Parttime professor
+
|title=Part-time professor
 
|start=2005
 
|start=2005
 
|end=2017
 
|end=2017
Line 58: Line 59:
 
}}
 
}}
  
−
'''Ferdinand (Ferd) Grapperhaus''' is the Dutch Minister for Security and Justice, started in [[2017]].
+
'''Ferdinand (Ferd) Grapperhaus''' is the [[Dutch Minister for Justice and Security]] in the third cabinet of [[Mark Rutte]], starting in [[2017]]. Being called the "Viceroy of Amsterdam's financial district"<ref>https://www.quotenet.nl/nieuws/a207548/hoe-minister-ferdinand-grapperhaus-wordt-gelinkt-aan-een-nieuwe-bonnetjesaffaire-207548/</ref>, he was already known for cut-throat business-tactics, [[missing documents]] and "handling tough cases (cover-ups)" as a lawyer.
  
  
−
==COVID-19==
+
==Early Career==
−
In August [[2020]], Grapperhaus caused a public controversy when news [[media]] reported about the lack of social distancing at his own wedding amid the [[COVID-19]] pandemic in the Netherlands. He agreed to pay a 390 euro fine, after being initially shielded from further political sanctions by president [[Mark Rutte]].<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/dutch-justice-minister-apologizes-for-lack-of-social-distancing-at-his-wedding-coronavirus-ferd-grapperhaus/</ref><ref>https://nltimes.nl/2020/09/18/justice-min-fined-social-distancing-violation-wedding</ref>
+
Grapperhaus is named after his father, Ferd, who was State Secretary of Finance from 1967 to 1971<ref>https://www.volkskrant.nl/politiek/rutte-iii-krijgt-nu-snel-vorm-dekker-naar-veiligheid-uwv-baas-bruins-op-onderwijs~a4522287/</ref>. He obtained an LLM degree in constitutional law in [[1984]] and a PhD degree in labor law in [[1995]]. He was a columnist for the major newspaper Het Financieele Dagblad from [[2014]] to [[2017]].
 +
 
 +
==First Term==
 +
During Grapperhaus his tenure, the name of his ministry was changed from "Ministry of Security and Justice" to "Ministry of Justice and Security", a move costing €2,000,000.<ref>https://nos.nl/l/2278648</ref>
 +
[[File:Screenshot 2021-01-27 Embassy of the Netherlands in the United States.png|600px|thumb|left|"You know that country full of [[drugs]], they're kingpin of the European drug market right? We're gonna use them in luring drug criminals. We didn't try that one before, right? It will work out."]]
 +
 
 +
===Police State===
 +
Grapperhaus has overseen a continuation of Mark Rutte and the [[VVD]]'s politics over which his ministry governs; using the non-existent (or very poor) numbers on solving [[cybercrime]] and the Dutch [[illegal drug trade]] as a scapegoat for more powers for the national [[police]] and the [[AIVD]].<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plLyjO0Qt7k</ref> Former Director-General of the AIVD [[Dick Schoof]] is Secretary-General at his ministry. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Grapperhaus</ref>
 +
 
 +
In [[2019]] he enacted a law allowing 19000 Dutch police agents non-lethal tasers. <ref>https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2019/09/justice-minister-backs-arming-police-with-tasers-but-urges-caution/</ref>
 +
In [[2019]] the AIVD and MIVD respectively were reported to have "used their powers unlawfully" regarding hacking individuals, including lawyers and journalists on behalf of foreign requests. They also "lied several times about what they had done precisely". In December 2019 he advocated for a "backdoor for [[intelligence agencies]]" to be required by [[EU]]-law, after a meeting with [[William Barr]], receiving support from [[Interpol]] advocating for a start in chat-apps in current affairs program [[Nieuwsuur]].<ref>https://tweakers.net/nieuws/160786/minister-grapperhaus-pleit-bij-europese-unie-voor-achterdeur-in-encryptie.html</ref>
 +
 
 +
===Cybercrime===
 +
Following a ban on [[Russian]] services in [[2018]] including [[Kaspersky]], Grapperhaus "forgot and could not answer" if Kaspersky was not in use anymore at Dutch governmental infrastructure one year later.<ref>https://tweakers.net/nieuws/157696/minister-weet-niet-of-kaspersky-antivirus-is-uitgefaseerd-bij-rijksoverheid.html</ref>
 +
He also opted against a ban on anonymous sim-cards for burner-phones which Dutch criminals use extensively for the [[illegal drug trade]]<ref>https://tweakers.net/nieuws/156242/minister-wil-geen-verbod-op-anonieme-prepaid-simkaarten-in-nederland.html</ref>, and against a law that would make it mandatory for suspects of child-porn to decrypt their hard drives.<ref>https://tweakers.net/nieuws/154790/minister-wil-geen-ontsleutelplicht-voor-verdachte-kinderporno.html</ref>
 +
 
 +
Grapperhouse's department has used the atrocious numbers for stopping online-crime for mostly expanding the AIVD's powers. The solve-rate of those crimes was 6% in [[2018]].<ref>https://tweakers.net/nieuws/132203/oplossingspercentage-nederlandse-internetcriminaliteitszaken-is-zes-procent.html</ref>
 +
During his tenure the Dutch have been called "champion wiretapping" by [[corporate media]] with 12000 instances of specific wire-tapping of individuals in just his 3 first years, with the ministry blaming "[[extremists]]" and "jihadists".<ref>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiv6PqKp4HsAhVCKuwKHUAaBDAQFjAFegQIBBAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.nl%2Fnieuws%2F2016%2F04%2F12%2Fnederland-is-wereldkampioen-telefoontappen-1607691-a797557&usg=AOvVaw0uLgJZQvmWIp2pebUXk9k2</ref>
 +
 
 +
===War on Drugs===
 +
Grapperhaus enacted a new law where the ''closed'' Dutch coffee-shops could apply for growing cannabis in July of [[2020]].
 +
 
 +
The ''[[Guardian]]'' in 2018 reported that "The [[Netherlands]] is starting to resemble a [[narco-state]] with the police unable to combat the emergence of a parallel criminal economy, a report from the [[Dutch police]] association has warned".<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/20/netherlands-becoming-a-narco-state-warn-dutch-police</ref> Rutte called Amsterdam to be suffering from a "[[Moroccan]]-mafia problem" in 2019, with [[Dutch Minister of Justice and Security]] [[Ferdinand Grapperhaus]] and him "declaring war in a [[war on drugs]]" on drug criminals, criminalizing "18 and 19-year-olds using weed" along with "yoga-sniffing girls"<ref>https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/nieuws/politiek/artikel/4854346/premier-rutte-het-woord-reageert-niet-het-geweld</ref>, calling for an end to the Dutch tolerated drug policy.<ref>https://nltimes.nl/2019/09/19/recreational-drug-users-part-organized-crime-chain-dutch-pm</ref>
 +
 
 +
In 2020, a big [[hack]] of encrypted prepared chat between a secret satellite network of phones of the Amsterdam drug [[syndicates]], the national police was revealed to have several moles active working close with criminals.<ref>https://wnl.tv/2020/09/17/ernstige-corruptie-bij-politie-blootgelegd-dit-is-dus-narcostaat/</ref>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===COVID-19===
 +
Unknown to most Dutch nationals, he is officially the leading ministerial coordinator for the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].
 +
 
 +
He is currently also responsible for the coordination of the Dutch National public health institutes, a vital organization that has massively influenced [[Mark Rutte]]'s path in the [[COVID-19]] shutdowns. Multiple health experts and the director of the Dutch municipal health services argued Grapperhaus and the fact he is the leading coordinator without clear communication lines or any standard briefings with the metropolitan health services is chaotic and has stimulated the poor response leading to the [[Covid-19 Pandemic]].<ref>https://nos.nl/nieuwsuur/artikel/2346438-minister-de-jonge-lijkt-wel-de-baas-in-de-crisis-maar-hij-is-het-niet.html</ref>
 +
 
 +
[[image:7425e088-e85f-11ea-8ad8-0218eaf05005.jpg|left|380px|thumb|You'd be a loser if you would throw a party now - Grapperhaus 2020]]
 +
In August [[2020]], similar to the scandal surrounding [[Dominic Cummings]], Grapperhaus caused a public controversy when news [[media]] reported about the lack of social distancing at his own wedding amid the [[COVID-19]] pandemic in the Netherlands. He agreed to pay a 390 euro fine, after being initially shielded from further political sanctions by president [[Mark Rutte]].<ref>https://www.politico.eu/article/dutch-justice-minister-apologizes-for-lack-of-social-distancing-at-his-wedding-coronavirus-ferd-grapperhaus/</ref><ref>https://nltimes.nl/2020/09/18/justice-min-fined-social-distancing-violation-wedding</ref>
 +
 
 +
Grapperhaus supported the emergency COVID-19-law that enabled the National Police to break into student homes with copied keys for suspicion of breaking quarantine-rules and noise complaints, something normally not allowed in Dutch law<ref>https://www.geenstijl.nl/5153990/politie-020-houdt-razzia-in-studentenflat/</ref> and fined people with possible jail time up to 4 years (in extreme cases) for not wearing a mask in designated area's, something which was called "against the Dutch constitution as local county law cannot supersede the Dutch constitutional right on personal privacy" by several scholars.<ref>https://www.parool.nl/amsterdam/hoogleraar-mondkapjesplicht-is-onhoudbaar~b72d4717/</ref>
 +
 
 +
Several Dutch prolific [[lawyers]] and [[politicians]] called it ''bullocks'' that Grapperhaus was not fined immediately although students did get fined and received criminal records for picnicking even when forming the same bubble in an [[university]] dorm. Grapperhaus his ensemble was not fined at all after he ...took the blame for his wedding pictures, lawyers went as far as saying he was stimulating public riots and discourse surrounding the [[COVID-19/Lockdown]] calling for his resignment.<ref>https://twitter.com/Jinek_RTL/status/1308866178086047746</ref> Grapperhaus kept defending the lockdown after his fine.
 +
 
 +
During the massive riots in the winter of [[2021]] over the first imposed curfew in the Netherlands since [[World War 2]], Grapperhaus and Prime Minister [[Mark Rutte]] called the riots and the rioters "not having anything to do with [[Covid 19]]".<ref>https://nos.nl/collectie/13858/artikel/2366056-grapperhaus-snelrecht-tegen-relschoppers-avondklok-blijft</ref>
 +
 
 +
==Nitrogen Crisis==
 +
Grapperhaus was a leading "mediator" in the [[Dutch Nitrogen Crisis]] during the [[2020s]]. Remarks made by Grapperhaus at a conference between farmers and activists made headlines when he admitted "getting emotional".
 +
 
 +
{{SMWQ
 +
|text=(...) Load the cars of [[activists]] on a trailer and take them with you. We'll write down their plates and discover who they are this instant.
 +
|subjects=Netherlands/Minister of Justice and Security
 +
|authors=Ferdinand Grapperhaus
 +
|source_details=https://www.pigbusiness.nl/site/assets/files/0/02/33/844/antwoorden-kamervragen-over-het-bericht-de-aanwezigheid-van-de-minister-bij-alv.pdf
 +
}}
 +
 
 +
{{SMWQ
 +
|text=[[Activists]] are only there to break things and provocate.
 +
|subjects=Activist, Netherlands
 +
|authors=Ferdinand Grapperhaus
 +
|source_details=https://www.pigbusiness.nl/site/assets/files/0/02/33/844/antwoorden-kamervragen-over-het-bericht-de-aanwezigheid-van-de-minister-bij-alv.pdf
 +
}}
 +
 
 +
{{SMWQ
 +
|text=[[Activists]] and [[extremists]] only provocate. I understand their emotion, but we need to make these individuals go away. Either behind bars, or else expel them from the country, or else fine them so many times that they'll only be able to be a paperboy.
 +
|subjects=Netherlands/Ministry of Justice and Security, government, totalitarian
 +
|authors=Ferdinand Grapperhaus
 +
|source_details=https://www.pigbusiness.nl/site/assets/files/0/02/33/844/antwoorden-kamervragen-over-het-bericht-de-aanwezigheid-van-de-minister-bij-alv.pdf
 +
}}
 +
 
  
  
Line 68: Line 133:
  
 
{{SMWDocs}}
 
{{SMWDocs}}
−
{{Stub}}
 

Latest revision as of 19:53, 9 July 2024

Person.png Ferdinand Grapperhaus  Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
(politician, civil servant, lawyer, professor, deep state operative?)
Grapperhaus.jpg
BornFerdinand Bernhard Joseph Grapperhaus
08-11-1959
Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands
NationalityDutch
Alma materUniversity of Amsterdam
ReligionRoman-Catholic
Children4
PartyChristian Democratic Appeal
Viceroy of Amsterdam's financial district, Dutch Justice Minister, COVID-19 Dutch Head-coordinator.

Employment.png Part-time professor

In office
2005 - 2017
EmployerUniversity of Maastricht
Labour Law

Employment.png Partner

In office
1999 - 2015
EmployerAllen & Overy

Ferdinand (Ferd) Grapperhaus is the Dutch Minister for Justice and Security in the third cabinet of Mark Rutte, starting in 2017. Being called the "Viceroy of Amsterdam's financial district"[1], he was already known for cut-throat business-tactics, missing documents and "handling tough cases (cover-ups)" as a lawyer.


Early Career

Grapperhaus is named after his father, Ferd, who was State Secretary of Finance from 1967 to 1971[2]. He obtained an LLM degree in constitutional law in 1984 and a PhD degree in labor law in 1995. He was a columnist for the major newspaper Het Financieele Dagblad from 2014 to 2017.

First Term

During Grapperhaus his tenure, the name of his ministry was changed from "Ministry of Security and Justice" to "Ministry of Justice and Security", a move costing €2,000,000.[3]

"You know that country full of drugs, they're kingpin of the European drug market right? We're gonna use them in luring drug criminals. We didn't try that one before, right? It will work out."

Police State

Grapperhaus has overseen a continuation of Mark Rutte and the VVD's politics over which his ministry governs; using the non-existent (or very poor) numbers on solving cybercrime and the Dutch illegal drug trade as a scapegoat for more powers for the national police and the AIVD.[4] Former Director-General of the AIVD Dick Schoof is Secretary-General at his ministry. [5]

In 2019 he enacted a law allowing 19000 Dutch police agents non-lethal tasers. [6] In 2019 the AIVD and MIVD respectively were reported to have "used their powers unlawfully" regarding hacking individuals, including lawyers and journalists on behalf of foreign requests. They also "lied several times about what they had done precisely". In December 2019 he advocated for a "backdoor for intelligence agencies" to be required by EU-law, after a meeting with William Barr, receiving support from Interpol advocating for a start in chat-apps in current affairs program Nieuwsuur.[7]

Cybercrime

Following a ban on Russian services in 2018 including Kaspersky, Grapperhaus "forgot and could not answer" if Kaspersky was not in use anymore at Dutch governmental infrastructure one year later.[8] He also opted against a ban on anonymous sim-cards for burner-phones which Dutch criminals use extensively for the illegal drug trade[9], and against a law that would make it mandatory for suspects of child-porn to decrypt their hard drives.[10]

Grapperhouse's department has used the atrocious numbers for stopping online-crime for mostly expanding the AIVD's powers. The solve-rate of those crimes was 6% in 2018.[11] During his tenure the Dutch have been called "champion wiretapping" by corporate media with 12000 instances of specific wire-tapping of individuals in just his 3 first years, with the ministry blaming "extremists" and "jihadists".[12]

War on Drugs

Grapperhaus enacted a new law where the closed Dutch coffee-shops could apply for growing cannabis in July of 2020.

The Guardian in 2018 reported that "The Netherlands is starting to resemble a narco-state with the police unable to combat the emergence of a parallel criminal economy, a report from the Dutch police association has warned".[13] Rutte called Amsterdam to be suffering from a "Moroccan-mafia problem" in 2019, with Dutch Minister of Justice and Security Ferdinand Grapperhaus and him "declaring war in a war on drugs" on drug criminals, criminalizing "18 and 19-year-olds using weed" along with "yoga-sniffing girls"[14], calling for an end to the Dutch tolerated drug policy.[15]

In 2020, a big hack of encrypted prepared chat between a secret satellite network of phones of the Amsterdam drug syndicates, the national police was revealed to have several moles active working close with criminals.[16]


COVID-19

Unknown to most Dutch nationals, he is officially the leading ministerial coordinator for the COVID-19 pandemic.

He is currently also responsible for the coordination of the Dutch National public health institutes, a vital organization that has massively influenced Mark Rutte's path in the COVID-19 shutdowns. Multiple health experts and the director of the Dutch municipal health services argued Grapperhaus and the fact he is the leading coordinator without clear communication lines or any standard briefings with the metropolitan health services is chaotic and has stimulated the poor response leading to the Covid-19 Pandemic.[17]

You'd be a loser if you would throw a party now - Grapperhaus 2020

In August 2020, similar to the scandal surrounding Dominic Cummings, Grapperhaus caused a public controversy when news media reported about the lack of social distancing at his own wedding amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands. He agreed to pay a 390 euro fine, after being initially shielded from further political sanctions by president Mark Rutte.[18][19]

Grapperhaus supported the emergency COVID-19-law that enabled the National Police to break into student homes with copied keys for suspicion of breaking quarantine-rules and noise complaints, something normally not allowed in Dutch law[20] and fined people with possible jail time up to 4 years (in extreme cases) for not wearing a mask in designated area's, something which was called "against the Dutch constitution as local county law cannot supersede the Dutch constitutional right on personal privacy" by several scholars.[21]

Several Dutch prolific lawyers and politicians called it bullocks that Grapperhaus was not fined immediately although students did get fined and received criminal records for picnicking even when forming the same bubble in an university dorm. Grapperhaus his ensemble was not fined at all after he ...took the blame for his wedding pictures, lawyers went as far as saying he was stimulating public riots and discourse surrounding the COVID-19/Lockdown calling for his resignment.[22] Grapperhaus kept defending the lockdown after his fine.

During the massive riots in the winter of 2021 over the first imposed curfew in the Netherlands since World War 2, Grapperhaus and Prime Minister Mark Rutte called the riots and the rioters "not having anything to do with Covid 19".[23]

Nitrogen Crisis

Grapperhaus was a leading "mediator" in the Dutch Nitrogen Crisis during the 2020s. Remarks made by Grapperhaus at a conference between farmers and activists made headlines when he admitted "getting emotional".

“(...) Load the cars of activists on a trailer and take them with you. We'll write down their plates and discover who they are this instant.”
Ferdinand Grapperhaus [24]

“Activists are only there to break things and provocate.”
Ferdinand Grapperhaus [24]

“Activists and extremists only provocate. I understand their emotion, but we need to make these individuals go away. Either behind bars, or else expel them from the country, or else fine them so many times that they'll only be able to be a paperboy.”
Ferdinand Grapperhaus [24]




Many thanks to our Patrons who cover ~2/3 of our hosting bill. Please join them if you can.


  1. ↑ https://www.quotenet.nl/nieuws/a207548/hoe-minister-ferdinand-grapperhaus-wordt-gelinkt-aan-een-nieuwe-bonnetjesaffaire-207548/
  2. ↑ https://www.volkskrant.nl/politiek/rutte-iii-krijgt-nu-snel-vorm-dekker-naar-veiligheid-uwv-baas-bruins-op-onderwijs~a4522287/
  3. ↑ https://nos.nl/l/2278648
  4. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plLyjO0Qt7k
  5. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Grapperhaus
  6. ↑ https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2019/09/justice-minister-backs-arming-police-with-tasers-but-urges-caution/
  7. ↑ https://tweakers.net/nieuws/160786/minister-grapperhaus-pleit-bij-europese-unie-voor-achterdeur-in-encryptie.html
  8. ↑ https://tweakers.net/nieuws/157696/minister-weet-niet-of-kaspersky-antivirus-is-uitgefaseerd-bij-rijksoverheid.html
  9. ↑ https://tweakers.net/nieuws/156242/minister-wil-geen-verbod-op-anonieme-prepaid-simkaarten-in-nederland.html
  10. ↑ https://tweakers.net/nieuws/154790/minister-wil-geen-ontsleutelplicht-voor-verdachte-kinderporno.html
  11. ↑ https://tweakers.net/nieuws/132203/oplossingspercentage-nederlandse-internetcriminaliteitszaken-is-zes-procent.html
  12. ↑ https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiv6PqKp4HsAhVCKuwKHUAaBDAQFjAFegQIBBAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.nl%2Fnieuws%2F2016%2F04%2F12%2Fnederland-is-wereldkampioen-telefoontappen-1607691-a797557&usg=AOvVaw0uLgJZQvmWIp2pebUXk9k2
  13. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/20/netherlands-becoming-a-narco-state-warn-dutch-police
  14. ↑ https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/nieuws/politiek/artikel/4854346/premier-rutte-het-woord-reageert-niet-het-geweld
  15. ↑ https://nltimes.nl/2019/09/19/recreational-drug-users-part-organized-crime-chain-dutch-pm
  16. ↑ https://wnl.tv/2020/09/17/ernstige-corruptie-bij-politie-blootgelegd-dit-is-dus-narcostaat/
  17. ↑ https://nos.nl/nieuwsuur/artikel/2346438-minister-de-jonge-lijkt-wel-de-baas-in-de-crisis-maar-hij-is-het-niet.html
  18. ↑ https://www.politico.eu/article/dutch-justice-minister-apologizes-for-lack-of-social-distancing-at-his-wedding-coronavirus-ferd-grapperhaus/
  19. ↑ https://nltimes.nl/2020/09/18/justice-min-fined-social-distancing-violation-wedding
  20. ↑ https://www.geenstijl.nl/5153990/politie-020-houdt-razzia-in-studentenflat/
  21. ↑ https://www.parool.nl/amsterdam/hoogleraar-mondkapjesplicht-is-onhoudbaar~b72d4717/
  22. ↑ https://twitter.com/Jinek_RTL/status/1308866178086047746
  23. ↑ https://nos.nl/collectie/13858/artikel/2366056-grapperhaus-snelrecht-tegen-relschoppers-avondklok-blijft
  24. ↑ a b c https://www.pigbusiness.nl/site/assets/files/0/02/33/844/antwoorden-kamervragen-over-het-bericht-de-aanwezigheid-van-de-minister-bij-alv.pdf
Retrieved from "https://wikispooks.com/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Grapperhaus&oldid=282159"