Difference between revisions of "1862"

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== Events ==
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=== January–March ===
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* [[January 1]] – The United Kingdom annexes [[Lagos]] Island, in modern-day [[Nigeria]].
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* [[January 6]] – [[French intervention in Mexico]]: [[Second French Empire|French]], Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico.
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* [[January 10]] – [[John Gately Downey]], 7th [[List of Governors of California|Governor of California]], is succeeded by [[Amasa Leland Stanford]].
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* [[January 16]] – [[Hartley Colliery disaster]] in north-east England: 204 men are trapped and die underground, when the only shaft becomes blocked.
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* [[January 30]] – [[American Civil War]]: The first U.S. [[ironclad warship]], {{USS|Monitor}}, is launched.
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* [[January 31]] – [[Alvan Graham Clark]] makes the first observation of [[Sirius]] B, a [[white dwarf]] star, through an eighteen-inch telescope at [[Northwestern University]].
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* [[February 1]] – American Civil War: [[Julia Ward Howe]]'s  "[[Battle Hymn of the Republic]]" is published for the first time in the ''[[Atlantic Monthly]]''.
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* [[February 2]] – The first railway is opened in [[New Zealand]], by the Dun Mountain Copper Mining Company.
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* [[February 6]] – [[American Civil War]]: General [[Ulysses S. Grant]] gives the United States its first victory of the war, by capturing [[Fort Henry, Tennessee]].
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* [[February 11]]–[[February 16|16]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Fort Donelson]] – General Ulysses S. Grant attacks [[Fort Donelson]], [[Tennessee]], capturing it on the last day.
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* [[February 20]] – [[Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas]], is named director of Spain's [[Real Academia Española]].
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* [[February 21]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Valverde]] – Confederate forces defeat Union troops near [[Fort Craig]], in [[New Mexico Territory]]:
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* [[February 22]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[Jefferson Davis]] is officially inaugurated in [[Richmond, Virginia]], to a 6-year term as president of the [[Confederate States of America]].
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* [[March 7]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Pea Ridge]] – The Confederates are shut out of [[Missouri]].
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* [[March 8]] – [[American Civil War]]: Ironclad CSS Virginia (formerly USS ''Merrimack'') is launched at [[Hampton Roads]], [[Virginia]]; the [[Battle of Hampton Roads]] starts the same day.
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* [[March 9]] – [[American Civil War]]: The first battle between two ironclad warships, USS Monitor and CSS Virginia, begins.
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* [[March 13]]
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** [[American Civil War]]: The U.S. federal government forbids all Union army officers from returning fugitive slaves, thus effectively annulling the [[Fugitive Slave Act of 1850]], and setting the stage for the [[Emancipation Proclamation]].
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** A [[smallpox]] [[epidemic]] in [[San Francisco]] spreads to [[British Columbia]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151002023934/http://web.uvic.ca/vv/student/smallpox/overview/</ref>
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* [[March 26]]&ndash;[[March 28|28]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Glorieta Pass]] &ndash; In [[New Mexico]], Union forces succeed in stopping the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] invasion of [[New Mexico Territory]].
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* [[March 31]] &ndash; [[Victor Hugo]]'s epic French historical novel ''[[Les Misérables]]'' begins publication in Brussels.
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=== April&ndash;June ===
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* [[April 1]] &ndash; [[Second French intervention in Mexico]]: The Spanish and the British end their alliance with France.
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* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Yorktown (1862)|Battle of Yorktown]] &ndash; The battle begins when [[Union Army]] forces under General [[George B. McClellan]] close in on the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] capital of [[Richmond, Virginia]].
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* [[April 6]]&ndash;[[April 7|7]]&ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Shiloh]] &ndash; The [[Union Army]], under General [[Ulysses S. Grant]], defeats the Confederates near [[Shiloh National Military Park|Shiloh, Tennessee]].
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* [[April 12]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Great Locomotive Chase]] (Andrews' Raid) &ndash; [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] volunteers steal Confederate steam railroad locomotive ''[[The General (locomotive)|The General]]'' (which will still exist in the 21st century) in an attempt to sabotage the rail network.
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* [[April 13]] &ndash; The government of [[Vietnam]] is forced to cede the territories of [[Biên Hòa Province|Biên Hòa]], [[Gia Định Province|Gia Định]] and [[Định Tường Province|Định Tường]] to France.
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* [[April 22]] &ndash; Global financial group [[UBS]] is founded in [[Switzerland]] as the [[Bank in Winterthur]].<ref>https://www.ubs.com/global/en/our-firm/our-history.html</ref>
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* [[April 25]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Capture of New Orleans]] &ndash; Forces under Union Admiral [[David Farragut]] occupy the Confederate city of [[New Orleans]], securing access to the [[Mississippi River]].
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* [[April 26]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Siege of Fort Macon]] &ndash; The besieged [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] garrison at [[Fort Macon]], [[North Carolina]] surrenders.
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* [[May 1]]&ndash;[[November 1]] &ndash; The [[1862 International Exhibition]] is held at [[South Kensington]] in London; it is particularly noteworthy for an exhibit from Japan, influential in the development of [[Anglo-Japanese style]].
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* [[May 2]] &ndash; The [[California State Normal School]] (later [[San Jose State University]]) is created by an Act of the California Legislature.
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* [[May 5]] &ndash; [[Second French intervention in Mexico]]: [[Battle of Puebla]] &ndash; Mexican General [[Ignacio Zaragoza]] defeats the French Army; commemorated each year as ''[[Cinco de Mayo]]'' (Spanish for ''Fifth of May'').
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* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: Ironclad {{ship|CSS|Virginia}} is scuttled in the [[James River]] northwest of [[Norfolk, Virginia]].
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* [[May 15]] &ndash; U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] signs a bill into law creating the U.S. Bureau of Agriculture (later renamed [[U.S. Department of Agriculture]]).
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* [[May 20]] &ndash; U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] signs the [[Homestead Act of 1862|Homestead Act]] into law.
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* [[May 24]] &ndash; [[Westminster Bridge]] is opened across the Thames in London. This new bridge, designed by [[Thomas Page (engineer)|Thomas Page]], replaces the old bridge.
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* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Fair Oaks]] &ndash; Both sides claim victory.
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* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] troops evacuate [[Fort Pillow, Tennessee|Fort Pillow]] on the [[Mississippi River]], leaving the way clear for U.S. Army troops to capture [[Memphis, Tennessee]].
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* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Saigon (1862)|Treaty of Saigon]]: Emperor [[Tự Đức]] of the [[Nguyễn dynasty]] in [[Vietnam]] cedes [[Saigon]], [[Côn Sơn Island]] and three southern provinces of what is to become known as [[Cochinchina]] ([[Biên Hòa Province|Biên Hòa]], [[Gia Định Province|Gia Định]] and Định Tường) to become part of the [[French colonial empire]]. Guerilla leader [[Trương Định]] refuses to recognise the treaty.
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* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[First Battle of Memphis]] &ndash; U.S. Army troops capture [[Memphis, Tennessee]], from the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]].
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* [[June 8]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Cross Keys]] &ndash; Confederate troops under General [[Stonewall Jackson]] save the [[Army of Northern Virginia]] from a U.S. Army attack on the James Peninsula that is led by General [[George B. McClellan]].
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* [[June 12]] &ndash; John Winter Robinson, the [[Secretary of State of Kansas]], is convicted and removed from office as the result of a [[bond (finance)|bond]] scandal, becoming the first state executive official to be [[impeachment in the United States|impeached]] and removed from office in American history.
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* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Mechanicsville]] &ndash; Confederate General [[Robert E. Lee]] defeats the troops of General [[George B. McClellan]] in the first of the [[Seven Days Battles]].
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=== July&ndash;September ===
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* [[July 1]]
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** The Bureau of Internal Revenue, the forerunner of the [[Internal Revenue Service]], is established in the United States.
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** [[Princess Alice of the United Kingdom|Princess Alice]], the second daughter of [[Queen Victoria]], marries [[Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse|Prince Ludwig of Hesse and by Rhine]].
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** U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] signs into law the [[Pacific Railroad Acts]], authorizing construction of the [[First Transcontinental Railroad]].
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** The [[Russian State Library]] is founded, as The Library of the Moscow Public Museum.
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* [[July 2]] &ndash; U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] signs the [[Morrill Land-Grant Act]] into law, creating a system of [[land-grant college]]s, to teach agricultural and mechanical sciences across the United States.
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* [[July 4]] &ndash; Charles Dodgson (better known as [[Lewis Carroll]]) extemporises the story that becomes ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]'', for ten-year-old [[Alice Liddell]] and her sisters, on a rowboat trip on [[The Isis]] from [[Oxford]] to [[Godstow]].
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* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Dent Blanche]], one of the highest summits in the Alps, is first ascended.
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* [[August 14]] &ndash; U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] meets with a group of prominent African-Americans, the first time an American President has done so. He suggests that Black people should migrate to Africa or to Central America, but this advice is rejected.
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* [[August 17]] &ndash; The [[Dakota War of 1862]] begins in [[Minnesota]], as Dakota Sioux attack white settlements along the [[Minnesota River]]. They are overwhelmed by the U.S. Army six weeks later.
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* [[August 19]] &ndash; [[Dakota War of 1862]]: During an uprising in [[Minnesota]], Dakota warriors decide not to attack heavily defended [[Fort Ridgely]] and instead turn to the settlement of [[New Ulm, Minnesota|New Ulm]], killing white settlers along the way.
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* [[August 21]] &ndash; The [[Stadtpark, Vienna|Vienna Stadtpark]] opens its gates.
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* [[August 28]]&ndash;[[August 30|30]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Second Battle of Bull Run]] &ndash; Confederate forces inflict a crushing defeat on Union General John Pope.
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* [[August 29]]&ndash;[[August 30|30]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Richmond]], Kentucky &ndash; Confederate forces, led by General [[Edmund Kirby Smith]], inflict a crushing defeat on Union General [[William "Bull" Nelson]].
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* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] reluctantly restores Union General [[George B. McClellan]] to full command, after General John Pope's disastrous defeat at the [[Second Battle of Bull Run]].
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* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: In the Confederacy's first invasion of the North, General [[Robert E. Lee]] leads 55,000 men of the [[Army of Northern Virginia]] across the [[Potomac River]] at [[White's Ford]] near [[Leesburg, Virginia]], into [[Maryland]].
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* [[September 10]] &ndash; [[Francisco Solano López]] is appointed second [[President of Paraguay]].
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* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]
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** [[Battle of Antietam]]: Union forces strategically defeat Confederate troops at [[Sharpsburg, Maryland]], in the bloodiest day in U.S. history, with over 22,000 casualties.
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** The [[Allegheny Arsenal]] explosion results in the single largest civilian disaster during the war.
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* [[September 19]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Iuka]] &ndash; Union troops under Major General [[William Rosecrans]] defeat a Confederate force commanded by Major General [[Sterling Price]] at [[Iuka, Mississippi]].
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* [[September 22]]
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** [[Otto von Bismarck]] becomes [[Minister President of Prussia]], following refusal by the country's [[Landtag]] to accept the military budget.
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** [[American Civil War]]: The preliminary announcement of the [[Emancipation Proclamation]] is made by U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]].
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* [[September 29]] &ndash; New Prussian prime minister [[Otto von Bismarck]] delivers his ''[[Blood and Iron (speech)|Blood and Iron (Blut und Eisen)]]'' speech to the Prussian Landtag.
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=== October&ndash;December ===
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* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Perryville]] &ndash; [[Union Army]] forces under General [[Don Carlos Buell]] halt the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] invasion of [[Kentucky]], by defeating troops led by General [[Braxton Bragg]] at [[Perryville, Kentucky]].
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* [[October 9]] &ndash; The [[Transvaal Civil War]] breaks out, following [[Stephanus Schoeman]]’s unconstitutional ousting of the acting [[State President of the South African Republic|President of the Executive Council of the South African Republic]].<ref>''Stormvoël van die Noorde'' by O JO Ferreira; ''Jan Viljoen – ‘n Transvaalse Wesgrenspionier'' (unpublished MA dissertation); documents and notes from the Jack Seale collection.</ref>
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* [[October 11]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: In the aftermath of the [[Battle of Antietam]], [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] General [[J. E. B. Stuart]] and his men loot [[Chambersburg, Pennsylvania]], during a [[Chambersburg Raid|raid into the North]].
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* [[October 23]] &ndash; [[Otto of Greece|Otto]] is deposed as [[King of Greece]].
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* [[October 24]] &ndash; [[Ramón Castilla]] loses the Presidency of [[Peru]] for a second time.
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* [[October 25]] &ndash; In the [[Granadine Confederation]] (modern-day [[Colombia]]), rebel troops of the southern states defeat government forces.
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* [[November 4]] &ndash; [[Richard Jordan Gatling]] patents the [[Gatling gun]] in the United States.
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* [[November 5]]
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** [[American Civil War]]: President [[Abraham Lincoln]] removes [[George B. McClellan]] as commander of the [[Union Army]].
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** [[American Indian Wars]]: In [[Minnesota]], more than 300 Santee [[Sioux]] are found guilty of [[rape]] and murder of white settlers, and are sentenced to hang.
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* [[November 14]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: President [[Abraham Lincoln]] approves the plan by General [[Ambrose Burnside]] to capture the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] [[capital city]] of [[Richmond, Virginia]]. This plan leads to a disastrous Union defeat at the [[Battle of Fredericksburg]] on [[December 13]].
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* [[November 28]]
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** [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Cane Hill]] &ndash; [[Union Army]] troops, led by General John Blunt, push back [[Confederate States Army|Confederate troops]], commanded by General [[John Marmaduke]], into the northwestern [[Boston Mountains]] of [[Arkansas]].
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** [[Notts County F.C.]] is founded in [[Nottingham]], England, making it (by the 21st century) the world's oldest professional [[Association football]] team.
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* [[December]] &ndash; Peruvian slave raiders land on [[Easter Island]], beginning a decade of the [[Easter Island#Destruction of society and population|destruction of the society and population]] on the island.
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* [[December 1]] &ndash; In his [[State of the Union address]], President [[Abraham Lincoln]] reaffirms the necessity of ending slavery, as he ordered ten weeks earlier in his [[Emancipation Proclamation]].
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* [[December 2]] &ndash; The first [[United States Navy]] [[hospital ship]]s enter service.
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* [[December 12]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Yazoo Pass Expedition]] &ndash; Union [[ironclad]] [[gunboat]] {{USS|Cairo}} is sunk by a remotely-detonated "torpedo" ([[naval mine]]) while clearing mines from the [[Yazoo River]], the first armored ship sunk by mine.
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* [[December 13]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Fredericksburg]] &ndash; The [[Union Army]] suffers massive casualties and abandons its attempts to capture the Confederate [[capital city]] of [[Richmond, Virginia]].
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* [[December 17]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: ''[[General Order No. 11 (1862)|General Order No. 11]]'', which expels all Jews from his military district, is issued by General [[Ulysses S. Grant]]. This order is rescinded just a few weeks later.
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* [[December 26]] &ndash; William D. Duly hangs 38 Dakota [[Sioux Indian]]s in [[Minnesota]].
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* [[December 26]]&ndash;[[December 29|29]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Chickasaw Bayou]] &ndash; Another victory for the [[Confederate States Army|Confederate Army]], outnumbered two to one, results in six times as many Union casualties, defeating several assaults commanded by Union general [[William T. Sherman]].
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* [[December 30]] &ndash; USS|Monitor sinks in a storm in the Atlantic, off [[Cape Hatteras, North Carolina]].
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* [[December 31]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: President [[Abraham Lincoln]] signs an act that admits [[West Virginia]] to the Union, thus dividing [[Virginia]] into two. Meanwhile, the [[Battle of Stones River]] opens near [[Murfreesboro, Tennessee]].
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=== Date unknown ===
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* Iwai Fumisuke Shoten (岩井文助商店), predecessor of [[Japan]]ese [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] [[Sojitz]], is founded in [[Osaka]].
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* Japanese [[construction]] company Satō Kōgyō is founded in [[Toyama (city)|Toyama]] as Satō-gumi.
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==References==
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{{reflist}}

Latest revision as of 02:56, 1 March 2021

1852 < 1853 < 1854 < 1855 < 1856 < 1857 < 1858 <1859 < 1860 < 1861 < 1862 > 1863 > 1864 > 1865 > 1866 > 1867 > 1868 > 1869 > 1870 > 1871 > 1872
Decade.png ( 1860s: )    Year.png 1862 Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
USSMonitor1862.2.jpg
USS Monitor
year 1862

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown


 

Events

EventStartEndDescription
Pax Brittanica18151915
Victorian era18401901
American Civil War18611865The Start of US World dominations, the Civil war saw capitalists fight capitalists in a war over tax, slavery and the question how big and kind of an imperial force the US should become on the North American continent.

 

New Groups

GroupImageTypeDescription
University of SouthamptonShield of the University of Southampton.pngPublicUK university with significant research activities
University of South DakotaUniversity of South Dakota seal.pngResearch
Public		University in South Dakota
New South Wales/PoliceGroup.pngA law enforcement agency of the state of New South Wales, Australia, including Sydney, its biggest city.
University of MaineUniversity of Maine seal.pngUniversity in the US state of Maine.

 

Births

TitleBornPlace of birthDiedSummaryDescription
George Perkins Sr31 January 1862Chicago
Illinois		18 June 1920Politician
Deep state functionary
George Sutherland25 March 1862Stony Stratford
UK		18 July 1942Politician
Lawyer
Aristide Briand28 March 1862Nantes7 March 1932PoliticianFrench statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic. He is mainly remembered for his focus on international issues and reconciliation politics during the interwar period (1918-1939).
Nicholas Murray Butler2 April 18627 December 1947Academic
Deep politician		Lifelong friend of Elihu Root, President of the Pilgrims Society for 18 years, President of the Carnegie Endowment for 20 years, President of Columbia University for 43 years. Supported the Briand-Kellogg Pact.
Charles Henry Brent9 April 1862Canada
Ontario		27 March 1929Clergy
Missionary		Missionary Bishop to the newly annexed Philippine Islands. Chairman of the 1909 meeting of the Shanghai Opium Commission, laying the groundwork for the international ban on opium.
Charles Evans Hughes11 April 1862New York
United States
Glens Falls		27 August 1948Judge
Edward Grey25 April 1862London
United Kingdom		7 September 1933Deep politician
Louis Barthou25 August 18629 October 1934Politician
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References

  1. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20151002023934/http://web.uvic.ca/vv/student/smallpox/overview/
  2. ↑ https://www.ubs.com/global/en/our-firm/our-history.html
  3. ↑ Stormvoël van die Noorde by O JO Ferreira; Jan Viljoen – ‘n Transvaalse Wesgrenspionier (unpublished MA dissertation); documents and notes from the Jack Seale collection.
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