1860

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( 1860s: )     1860
"Looty", queen Victoria's pekingese, gifted to her from the looting of the Summer Palace
year 1860

Events

Looting of the Old Summer Palace, a vast complex of palaces and temples known for its architecture and numerous art and historical treasures, by Anglo-French forces in 1860 during the Second Opium War.

• March 22 – The Grand Duchy of Tuscany is annexed to the newly formed Kingdom of Italy.
• March 24 – Sakuradamon Incident: Rōnin samurai of the Mito Domain in Japan assassinate tairō (Chief Minister) Ii Naosuke outside the Sakurada Gate of Edo Castle, disaffected with his role in the opening of Japan to foreign powers.
• April 2 – The first Italian Parliament meets at Turin.
• Template:OldStyleDate – The State Bank of the Russian Empire is established.
• June 30 – A historic debate about evolution is held, at the Oxford University Museum.
• July 2 – Vladivostok is founded in Russia.
• July 11 – Mutsuhito (the future Emperor Meiji) becomes Crown Prince of Japan.
• July 20 – Battle of Milazzo: The forces of Giuseppe Garibaldi defeat royal Neapolitan forces near Messina, bringing nearly all of Sicily under Garibaldi's control.
• August 22 – Assisted by the British Navy, the troops of Giuseppe Garibaldi cross from Sicily to the Italian mainland.
• October 18 – The first Convention of Peking formally ends the Second Opium War.
• October 18–21 – Beijing's Old Summer Palace is burned to the ground by orders of British general Lord Elgin, during the Second Opium War.
• November 6 – U.S. presidential election: Abraham Lincoln beats John C. Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas, and John Bell, and is elected as the 16th President of the United States, the first Republican to hold that office.
• December 20 – American Civil War: South Carolina becomes the first state to secede from the United States.
• December 29 – The world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled and armoured battleship, the (British) HMS Warrior, is launched.

Date unknown

• China agrees, in an unequal treaty (the Convention of Peking) imposed on it, to allow missionaries to proselytize throughout the country.
• German chemist Albert Niemann makes a detailed analysis of the coca leaf, isolating and purifying the alkaloid, which he calls cocaine.
• Britain produces 20% of the entire world's output of industrial goods.
• The Russian Empire has c. 1,250 miles (2,010 km) of railroads.
• The American South has c. 4 million slaves.
• 1860–1900 – 14 million immigrants come to the United States.
• The first local law was passed concerning usage of drugs - although the first nationwide policy would not be implemented until the Harrison Tax Act of 1914.

 

Events

Event	Start	End
Pax Brittanica	1815	1915
Victorian era	1840	1901

 

New Groups

Group	Image	Type	Description
Bard College		Military ranks Liberal arts college	Liberal arts college in New York State from 2021 funded by Open Society Foundations
Augustana College		Private university	The largest private university in South Dakota
Blackrock College		School Catholic Day school	Catholic boarding school for boys in Ireland
Louisiana State University		Flagship state university Land-grant Sea-grant Space-grant university	Expanded massively by governor Huey Pierce Long Jr. in 1930.
Aftenposten		Newspaper	Norwegian newspaper with high Bilderberg attendance.

 

A Death

Title	Born	Died	Place of death	Summary	Description
George Hamilton-Gordon	28 January 1784	14 December 1860	Middlesex St James's United Kingdom	Politician	UK PM

 

Births

Title	Born	Place of birth	Died	Summary	Description
Cleveland Dodge	26 January 1860		24 June 1926	Financier	The main donor to the US presidential campaign of Woodrow Wilson.
William Jennings Bryan	19 March 1860	United States Illinois Salem	26 July 1925	Lawyer
Theodore Herzl	2 May 1860	Hungary Budapest	3 July 1904	Author Journalist Playwright Activist
Vittorio Orlando	19 May 1860	Italy Palermo Kingdom of the Two Sicilies	1 December 1952	Politician	Prime Minister of Italy 1917-1919
Wirt Dexter Walker	1 September 1860		24 April 1899	Lawyer
Rufus Isaacs	10 October 1860	London Tower Hamlets UK	30 December 1935	Diplomat

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