1861

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( 1860s: )     1861
The Bombardment of Fort Sumter, starting the hostilities in the southern states' bid for secession.
year 1861

Events

• February 8 – American Civil War: The Confederate States of America are formed, comprising the first seven break-away States.
• February 23 – President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, D.C. after an assassination attempt in Baltimore.
• February 24 – Battle of Ky Hoa: the French and the Spanish defeat the Vietnamese.
• March 3 (February 19 O.S.) – Emancipation reform of 1861: Serfdom is abolished in the Russian Empire.
• March 17 – Italian unification: The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed by the new Parliament, with Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia becoming its king.
• April 7 – A population census is taken in the United Kingdom.
• April 12 – The American Civil War begins with the bombardment of Fort Sumter, South Carolina.
• April 13 – American Civil War: Fort Sumter surrenders to Southern forces.
• April 27 - President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus in the United States.
• May 13 - American Civil War: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a "proclamation of neutrality", which recognizes the breakaway states as having belligerent rights.
• June 15 – Benito Juárez is formally elected President of Mexico; he temporarily stops the payments of foreign debt.
• June 25 – Abdülmecid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1839–1861) dies and is succeeded by Abdülaziz (1861–1876).
• July 1
  • The first issue of the Vatican's newspaper L'Osservatore Romano is published.
  • Taiping Rebellion – Battle of Shanghai: French and Imperial Chinese troops defeat Taiping forces.
• July 12 – The Confederate States sign a Treaty with Choctaws and Chickasaws in Indian Territory.
• July 21 – American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war ends in a Confederate victory.
• July 25 – American Civil War: The Crittenden–Johnson Resolution is passed by the U.S. Congress, stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union, and not to end slavery.
• August 1 – The first public weather forecast: measured and predicted correctly by Admiral Robert FitzRoy.
• August 5 - American Civil War: In order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government issues the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US$800; rescinded in 1872).
• October 24 – Template:Ship, the world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled armored battleship, is completed and commissioned into the British Royal Navy.
• October 31 - The Spanish, French and British governments sign a tripartite agreement to intervene in Mexico, in the hope of recovering unpaid debts.
• November 6 – American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is elected president of the Confederate States of America.
• November 5 – The first Melbourne Cup horse race is held in Melbourne, Australia.
• November 8 – American Civil War – Trent Affair: The Template:USS stops the United Kingdom mail ship Trent, and arrests two Confederate envoys, James Mason and John Slidell, sparking a diplomatic crisis between the U.K. and U.S.

Date unknown

• The British Empire establishes bases in Lagos to stop the slave trade.
• The Perpetual Truce of Peace and Friendship is signed between Bahrain and the United Kingdom.

 

Events

Event	Start	End	Description
Pax Brittanica	1815	1915
Victorian era	1840	1901
American Civil War	1861	1865	The Start of US World dominations, the Civil war saw capitalists fight capitalists in a war over tax, slavery and the question how big and kind of an imperial force the US should become on the North American continent.

 

New Groups

Group	Image	Type	Description
Chapman University		Research Military ranks	Private research university in California which conducts a yearly survey of what the US public fears.
Canada/Liberal Party
Vassar College		Private liberal arts college	Exclusive and rich New York college, traditionally for women, now co-educational.
University of Washington		Public Flagship Research university	University in Seattle, Washington state

 

Births

Title	Born	Place of birth	Died	Summary	Description
Joseph Mansfield	9 February 1861		12 July 1947	Politician	Texas Congressman from 1917 to 1947.
Halford Mackinder	15 February 1861	United Kingdom Gainsborough Lincolnshire	6 March 1947	Academic
Rudolf Steiner	27 February 1861	Hungary Austrian Empire Murakirály	30 March 1925	Architect Esotericist Social reformer
Basil Thomson	21 April 1861		26 March 1939	Spook Police officer Deep state operative
George Norris	11 July 1861	Ohio York Township Sandusky County	2 September 1944	Politician Lawyer
Arsène Pujo	16 December 1861		31 December 1939	Activist Politician	Campaigning member of the US House of Representatives.

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