1869

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( 1860s: )     1869
The Suez Canal opens, of immense importance to the British Empire
year 1869

Events

• February 20 – Ranavalona II, the Merina Queen of Madagascar, is baptized.
• February 25 – The Iron and Steel Institute is formed in London.
• March 4 – Ulysses S. Grant is sworn in, as the 18th President of the United States.
• March 18 (O. S. March 6) – Dmitri Mendeleev makes a formal presentation of his periodic table to the Russian Chemical Society.
• March 24 – Titokowaru's War ends with the surrender of the last Māori troops at large, in the South Taranaki District of New Zealand's North Island.
• May – In France, the opposition, consisting of republicans, monarchists and liberals, polls almost 45% of the vote in national elections.
• May 10 – The First Transcontinental Railroad in North America is completed at Promontory, Utah, by the driving of the "golden spike".
  

  May 10 – The First Transcontinental Railroad in North America is completed
• May 15 – Women's suffrage: In New York, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman Suffrage Association.
• August 9 – August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht found the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP).
• September 24 – Black Friday: The Fisk–Gould Scandal causes a financial panic in the United States.
• October 11 – The Red River Rebellion breaks out against British forces in Canada.
• November 4 – The first issue of the scientific journal Nature is published in London, edited by Norman Lockyer.
• November 17 – In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
• November 19 – The Hudson's Bay Company surrenders its claim to Rupert's Land in Canada, under its letters patent, back to the British Crown.
• December 8 – The First Vatican Council opens in Rome.

Date unknown

• James Gordon Bennett, Jr. of the New York Herald asks Henry Morton Stanley to find Dr. David Livingstone.
• The Co-operative Central Board (later Co-operatives UK) is founded in Manchester, England.
• The Ladies National Association for the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts is founded in Great Britain.
• Campbell Soup Company has founded in New Jersey, United States.
• Heinz, as predecessor of Kraft Heinz, a food processing company worldwide, founded in Pennsylvania, United States.

 

Events

Event	Start	End
Pax Brittanica	1815	1915
Victorian era	1840	1901

 

New Groups

Group	Image	Type	Description
Goldman Sachs		Public	Investment bank so close to the real seat of US government authority that it has been accused of occupying it, leading to the creation of the term "Government Sachs".
Sainsbury's			Second largest supermarket chain in the United Kingdom=
Trinity University			University in San Antonio, Texas
St. Cloud State University		Public	Until 1957 St. Cloud State Teachers College
Potchefstroom University			The leadership of the university was part of the deep state Afrikaner Broederbond during the apartheid-era.
University of Nebraska–Lincoln		Research Public Land-grant	University in Lincoln, Nebraska.
Purdue University		Public Land=grant	Public university system in the U.S. state of Indiana.

 

==A Quotation== 

Deaths

Title	Born	Died	Place of death	Summary	Description
Edward Smith-Stanley	29 March 1799	23 October 1869	Knowsley Hall UK		Twice UK PM
George Peabody	18 February 1795	4 November 1869		Banker Businessperson	US banker businessman
Edwin Stanton	19 December 1814	24 December 1869	US Washington DC	Politician Lawyer Deep state actor

 

Births

Title	Born	Place of birth	Died	Summary	Description
Grigori Rasputin	21 January 1869	Tobolsk Siberia Russia/Tsarist Russia	30 December 1916	Deep politician Mystic	Russian mystic with great influence on the last Czar and Czarina of Russian. Murdered by British agents in 1916.
Neville Chamberlain	18 March 1869	Birmingham Warwickshire UK	9 November 1940	Politician	UK PM 1937-1940
Arvid Damm	27 May 1869		1927	Engineer Inventor	Inventor who founded AB Cryptoteknik, which went on to become Crypto AG after his death
Emma Goldman	27 June 1869	Kovno Russia/Tsarist Russia	14 May 1940	Author Activist Orator	Anarchist revolutionary deported from the US during the Palmer Raids
Mahatma Gandhi	2 October 1869	British Indian Empire Gujarat	30 January 1948	Author Activist Politician Lawyer	Indian non-violent revolutionary sage
Frederick Heinze	5 December 1869	New York Brooklyn	4 November 1914	Businessperson	A copper baron bankrupted by the money trust

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