German Marshall Fund

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Group.png German Marshall Fund  
(Front, Big tech/lobbyistInfluencewatch Powerbase Sourcewatch WebsiteRdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
GMF logo.png
AbbreviationGMF
MottoStrengthening Transatlantic Cooperation
Formation1972
Headquarters1744 R Street NW
LeaderGerman Marshall Fund/President
Type Public Policy Think Tank and Grantmaking Institution
Member ofEuropean Policy Centre
Founder ofGerman Marshall Fund/Young Strategists, Marshall Memorial Fellowship
Sponsor ofPrivacy International, European Stability Initiative, Prague Security Studies Institute, European Platform for Democratic Elections
Sponsored byCharles Stewart Mott Foundation, Democracy Fund, Hewlett Foundation, King Baudouin Foundation, Mercator Foundation, Norway/Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Smith Richardson Foundation
SubpageGerman Marshall Fund/President
German Marshall Fund/Young Strategists
Membership•  Guido Goldman
• Meghan osullivan.png Meghan O'Sullivan
•  Marc Leland
•  Calvin M. Dooley
• Marc Grossman.jpg Marc Grossman
• David Ignatius.jpg David Ignatius
•  Nike Irvin
• Craig kennedy.png Craig Kennedy
•  Scott Klug
•  Roman Martinez IV
•  Richard Powers
•  J. Thomas Presby
•  John A. Ross
•  Barbara Shailor
•  Jenonne Walker
•  Leah Zell
•  J. Robinson West
•  Suzanne H. Woolsey
•  Mark Allegrini
•  William P. Bohlen
•  Clive Brady
•  Nathaniel Breeding
•  Jennifer L. Brown
•  Maia Comeau
•  Asha Davis
•  Elisabeth Decker
• Larry Diamond.jpg Larry Diamond
• Karen Donfried.jpg Karen Donfried
•  Kristina Field
•  Andrew Fishbein
•  Mike Geiger
•  John K. Glenn
•  Delancey Gustin
•  Dodie Jones
•  Erin Jones
•  Cathleen Kelly
•  Thomas Kleine-Brockhoff
•  Dakota Korth
•  Ulrike Leis
•  Robert G. Liberatore
•  Nicola Lightner
•  Kristin Luber
•  Oliver Mains
•  Erin Molnar
•  Anna Murphy
•  Jan Neutze
•  Michael O'Brien
•  William Peard
•  Courtney Phillips-Youman
•  Ellen Pope
•  Debra Ricks
•  Brent Riddle
•  Emily Robichaux
•  Gwen Roby
•  Nicole Sallee Surber
•  Jeremiah Schatt
•  Chesley Simpson
•  Shannon Skupas
•  Randall Soderquist
•  Tisha Spriggs-Pugh
•  Neil Sumilas
•  Stephen Szabo
•  Peter Van Praagh
•  Jonathan White
•  James Williams
•  Matthew Wojtkun
•  Elizabeth Woods
•  Guido Zucconi
• Constanze Stelzenmüller 3.jpg Constanze Stelzenmüller
•  Kirsten Engelsma
•  Lisa Henschel
•  Thorsten Klassen
•  Heike MacKerron
•  Ursula Soyez
•  Peter Sparding
•  Alexander Thamm
•  Tom Wassmann
•  Tanja Wunderlich
•  Astrid Ziebarth
•  Pavol Demeš
•  Joerg Forbrig
•  Helena Mudrikova
•  Ingrid Némethová
•  Edouard de Tinguy
•  Natalie La Balme
• RonaldAsmusNATO.jpg Ronald D. Asmus
•  Michal Baranowski
•  Elizabeth Boswell Rega
•  Christina Elvers
•  Mark Fischer
•  Joe Guinan
•  Corinna Hörst
•  Antje Knorr
•  Iveta Kruma
•  Bruno Lété
•  Trees Robijns
•  Beatrice Ryckbost
•  Shirley Salzman
•  Andrew Small
•  Ivan Vejvoda
•  Mary Kate Boughton
•  Gordana Delić-Petrović
•  Pavlina Filipova
•  Jovan Jovanović
•  Dane Koruga
•  Suzana Marković
•  Filip Vojvodić-Medić
•  Ceylan Akman
•  Petek Arpaozu
•  Alina Inayeh
•  Ana-Maria Aelenei
• Mark cunningham.jpg Mark Cunningham
•  Anemari-Helen Necsulescu
•  Tiko Ninua
•  Jörg Himmelreich
• Matthias nass.png Matthias Naß
•  Jim Kolbe
•  John B. Richardson
• Ali Aslan.jpg Ali Aslan
•  Rosa Balfour
•  Steven Bosacker
•  Kristina Kausch
•  Joshua Kirschenbaum
• 2774605151 44a16bbd33 c.jpg Karen Kornbluh
•  Ian Lesser
•  Yascha Mounk
•  Jan Techau
•  Eckart Würzner
• Vin Weber.jpg Vin Weber
•  Heidi Tworek
•  Aviv Ovadya
• Clint watts.jpg Clint Watts
•  Muddassar Ahmed
•  Emiliano Alessandri
• Timothy J. Garton Ash.jpg Timothy Garton Ash
• Mustafa Aydın.png Mustafa Aydin
•  Rosa Balfour
•  Michal Baranowski
• Jeff Bergner.jpg Jeff Bergner
•  Laura Basagni
•  Brittany Beaulieu
•  Lora Berg
•  J.M. Berger
•  Kristine Berzina
•  James D. Bindenagel
•  Jessica Bither
•  Nicolas Bouchet
•  Peter Chase
•  Derek Chollet
•  Zack Cooper
•  Susan Corke
•  Kevin Cottrell
•  Dario Cristiani
•  Sudha David-Wilp
•  Alexandra de Hoop Scheffer
•  Elandre Dedrick
•  Gordana Delić
•  Pavol Demeš
•  Hannes Ebert
•  Julie Fernandes
•  Joerg Forbrig
•  Aaron Friedberg
•  John Gans
•  Geraldine Ide Gardner
•  Anthony Gardner
•  Oliver Gnad
•  Ellen P. Goodman
•  Lindsay Gorman
•  Maria Elena Gutierrez
•  Daniel Hegedüs
•  Douglas Hengel
•  Jennifer Hillman
•  Corinna Horst
•  Zachary M. Hosford
•  Rod Hunter
•  Alina Inayeh
•  Len Ishmael
•  Jackson Janes
•  Markus Kaim
•  Jonathan D. Katz
•  Kristina Kausch
•  Steven Keil
•  Adnan Kifayat
•  Michael Kimmage
•  Gene Kimmelman
• David-J-Kramer.jpg David J. Kramer
•  Thomas Kleine-Brockhoff
•  Nad’a Kovalcikova
•  David Levine
•  Richard Lui
•  Bruno Lété
•  Michael Mazza
•  Reta Jo Lewis
•  William McIlhenny
•  Ryan Meilak
•  Garima Mohan
•  Susan Ness
•  Zhikica Pagovski
•  Jonas Parello-Plesner
•  Romain Paris
•  Randianina Peccoud
• Minxin Pei.jpg Minxin Pei
•  Martin Quencez
•  David L. Roll
•  Michal Romanowski
•  Laura Rosenberger
•  Josh Rudolph
•  David Salvo
•  Bret Schafer
•  Matthew Schrader
•  Michel Servoz
•  Hemal Shah
•  Arun K. Singh
•  Julie Smith
•  Ulrich Speck
•  Bruce Stokes
•  Isaac Stone Fish
•  Bart M.J. Szewczyk
•  Kadri Taştan
•  Rachel Tausendfreund
•  Mischa Thompson
•  Conrad Tribble
•  Clara Tsao
•  Ozgur Unluhisarcikli
•  Filip Vojvodic-Medic
•  Daniel J. Weitzner
•  Guillaume Xavier-Bender
•  Radmila Šekerinska
•  Steven E. Sokol
•  Christoph von Marschall
•  Fabrizio Tassinari
• Michael McFaul.jpg Michael McFaul
• MSC 2014 Ischinger2 Mueller MSC2014.jpg Wolfgang Ischinger
• JohnAllen-General.jpg John Allen
• Catherine-ashton.jpg Catherine Ashton
•  Thierry Déau
•  Sławomir Dębski
•  Henrik Enderlein
• Michael Froman.jpg Michael Froman
•  Will Hurd
• Miroslav Lajčák.jpg Miroslav Lajčák
•  Merle Maigre
• Cecilia Malmström.jpg Cecilia Malmström
•  James Manyika
• Kori-Schake.jpg Kori Schake
•  Elissa Slotkin
•  Nathalie Tocci
•  Sandro Mendonça
• 16-09-02-Cem Özdemir-RalfR-RR2 4940.jpg Cem Özdemir
•  Danielle Piatkiewicz
• Robin Shepherd moderating at the Halifax Forum.jpg Robin Shepherd
• Clara Ferreira Alves.png Clara Ferreira Alves
•  Jörg Lau
According to whistleblower Udo Ulfkotte, a CIA front group. Despite the 'German' in its name, it is a fully US/CIA-controlled operation, mainly to maintain a network of transatlantic European politicians and journalists. Hugely influential behind the scenes.

The German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF) is, according to whistleblower Udo Ulfkotte, a CIA front group.[1] Despite the 'German' in its name, it is a fully US/CIA-controlled operation, mainly to maintain a network of influential European politicians and journalists.

According to its own presentation, it is "a nonpartisan American public policy and grantmaking institution dedicated to promoting greater cooperation and understanding between the United States and Europe." GMF does this by supporting individuals and institutions working on transatlantic issues, by convening leaders to discuss the most pressing transatlantic themes, and by examining ways in which transatlantic cooperation can address a variety of global policy challenges. In addition, GMF supports a number of initiatives to strengthen democracies[2], i.e. to marginalize dissident voices.

On June 5, 1972, to mark the 25th anniversary of the Marshall Plan, the then West German Chancellor Willy Brandt delivered an address at Harvard University on the significance of the Marshall Plan and the programs it created for European recovery and development, Brandt announced the creation of a Marshall Plan memorial: The German Marshall Fund of the United States. The Marshall Plan also paved the way for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OCED), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and today's European Union.[3]

The Marshall Plan

Of significance for the Marshall Plan was the March 12, 1947 "Truman Doctrine," that outlined in a presidential speech to Congress, that it would be U.S. policy to protect nations threatened by communism. On June 5, 1947 in a speech at Harvard, Secretary of State George C. Marshall called for an American plan to help Europe recover from World War II. On April 2, 1948 the U.S. Congress passed the Economic Cooperation Act that authorized the Marshall Plan. Paul G. Hoffman of Studebaker Corporation (a used car salesman who eventually became president of the Ford Foundation from 1950-53[4]) was appointed Administrator of the Economic Cooperation Agency (ECA), the temporary American agency created to implement the plan. Averell Harriman was appointed special representative of the ECA in Europe. Despite the Korean War, which had begun in June 1950, transfer of funds from the U. S. to Europe had totaled $13.3 billion by 1951.[5]

The speech George C. Marshall delivered was drafted by Charles E. Bohlen, a future ambassador to the Kremlin. He used a memo prepared by a State Department Policy Planning staff directed by Soviet-expert George Kennan author of the 'long telegram' which had formed the basis of (Kennan argued greatly misinterpreted) 'Containment Policy.'[6]

Undoubtedly of benefit to war ravaged Europe the plan was also motivated by American fears that after World War II the depression of the 1930s could recur: increasing prosperity in the U.S. was one goal of the Marshall Plan — as a way of boosting exports, the plan had wide appeal to American business people, bankers, workers, and farmers.[7]

GMF and US secret services

Conceived during the Cold War by Willy Brandt to tie Europe and the United States, for investigative journalists, the German Marshall Fund was 'a breeding ground for journalists, university students and politicians committed to Atlantism.' Although the Fund altered slightly with the collapse of the USSR, "it still draws the attention of the US secret service that is widely represented in its administration council."[8]

1972 was a the time of widespread protest against the Viet Nam war. The Red Army Faction had just attacked the US Head Quarters in Heidelberg to destroy the strategic computer that controlled the bombers in South-East Asia. It was also the time of the strategy of tension whereby NATO secret services manipulated right and left-wing factions to encourage a more authoritarian government. The idea behind the Fund was that it would facilitate the identification and recruitment of new “messengers of Atlantism”. With the collapse of the cold war the neoconservatives have reactivated the Atlantic networks, to use in their own project dominated by two terms coined by Joseph Nye:'Neo-liberalism' and 'soft power'.

Going East

The Fund has expanded into Eastern Europe through the establishment together with USAID of a program worth 25 million dollars, the Balkan Trust for Democracy.[9]

It is alleged that the fund has close ties with US intelligence:

It was obvious that so much discretion tried, above all things, to hide the responsibilities of the majority of directors in the Pentagon and CIA. Lee Hamillton is the vice-president of the presidential commission on September 11, member of the Homeland Security Advisory Board and has been decorated by the CIA and DIA. Hamilton, former member of Parliament, headed one of the investigation commissions on the scandal Iran-Contras where he studied the role of another manager of the Fund, Robert M. Kimmitt, who was then executive director of the National Security Council and involved in the scandal up to his neck. Later, M. Kimmit was appointed vice-president of AOL-Time-Warner by his friend, General Colin Powell.[10]

This would seem to be reinforced by the presence of Suzanne Woolsey, the wife of R. James Woolsey, former CIA director. Recently the Fund aided in the production of A Transatlantic Strategy for Democratic Development in the Middle East[11]written by:

The essay argues for a slight reorientation of the 'Transatlantic Alliance:

In the 1990s, the United States and its European allies took a transatlantic relationship that was forged during the Cold War and designed to contain Soviet power and transformed it into a new partnership focused on consolidating democracy in central and eastern Europe, halting ethnic cleansing in the Balkans, and building a new partnership with Russia. Today, this relationship must again be overhauled so that it can meet a new set of challenges centered in the broader Middle East.

People

Board of Trustees


 

Events carried out

EventLocationDescription
Brussels ForumBelgium
Brussels
Spooky annual get-together of US/European functionaries laid on by the German Marshall Fund.
Brussels Forum/2006Belgium
Brussels
Yearly discreet get-together of huge amount of transatlantic politicians, media and military and corporations, under the auspices of the CIA and NATO-close German Marshall Fund.
Brussels Forum/2007Belgium
Brussels
Yearly discreet get-together of huge amount of transatlantic politicians, media and military and corporations, under the auspices of the CIA and NATO-close German Marshall Fund.
Brussels Forum/2008Belgium
Brussels
Yearly discreet get-together of huge amount of transatlantic politicians, media and military and corporations, under the auspices of the CIA and NATO-close German Marshall Fund.
Brussels Forum/2009Belgium
Brussels
Yearly discreet get-together of huge amount of transatlantic politicians, media and military and corporations, under the auspices of the CIA and NATO-close German Marshall Fund.
Brussels Forum/2010Belgium
Brussels
Yearly discreet get-together of huge amount of transatlantic politicians, media and military and corporations, under the auspices of the CIA and NATO-close German Marshall Fund.
Brussels Forum/2011Belgium
Brussels
Yearly discreet get-together of huge amount of transatlantic politicians, media and military and corporations, under the auspices of the CIA and NATO-close German Marshall Fund.
Brussels Forum/2012Belgium
Brussels
Yearly discreet get-together of huge amount of transatlantic politicians, media and military and corporations, under the auspices of the CIA-close German Marshall Fund.
Brussels Forum/2013Belgium
Brussels
Yearly discreet get-together of huge amount of transatlantic politicians, media and military and corporations, under the auspices of the CIA-close German Marshall Fund.
Brussels Forum/2014Belgium
Brussels
Yearly discreet get-together of huge amount of transatlantic politicians, media and military and corporations, under the auspices of the CIA-close German Marshall Fund. The theme in 2014 was A World in Transition
Brussels Forum/2015Germany
North Rhine-Westphalia
Cleve
Yearly discreet get-together of huge amount of transatlantic politicians, media and military and corporations, under the auspices of the CIA-close German Marshall Fund. The 2015 main theme was (R)evolution.
Brussels Forum/2016Belgium
Brussels
Yearly discreet get-together of huge amount of transatlantic politicians, media and military and corporations, under the auspices of the CIA and NATO-close German Marshall Fund.
Brussels Forum/2017Belgium
Brussels
Yearly discreet get-together of huge amount of transatlantic politicians, media and military and corporations, under the auspices of the CIA-close German Marshall Fund. The overarching theme was "‘End of Complacency – Era of Action?"
Brussels Forum/2018Belgium
Brussels
Annual 3 day spooky get-together of transatlantic politicians, media and military and corporations, under the auspices of the CIA and German Marshall Fund. Discussed the "Fight for Economic Equality".
Brussels Forum/2019Belgium
Brussels
Annual 3 day spooky get-together of transatlantic politicians, media and military and corporations, under the auspices of the CIA and German Marshall Fund. Discussed the "Fight for Economic Equality".
Brussels Forum/2023Belgium
Brussels
Annual 3 day spooky get-together of transatlantic politicians, media and military and corporations, under the auspices of the very spooky German Marshall Fund.
Brussels Forum/2024Belgium
Brussels
Hotel Le Plaza
Annual spooky get-together of transatlantic politicians, media and military and corporations, under the auspices of the very spooky German Marshall Fund.

 

A Quote by German Marshall Fund

PageQuoteDate
Brussels Forum/2010“Some of us think of José Manuel Barroso as a former scholar at Georgetown University in Washington.”March 2010

 

Related Quotations

PageQuoteAuthorDate
Brussels Forum/2014“The ultimate soft power instrument in the world is the Brussels Forum”Carl Bildt2014
Marshall Memorial Fellowship“I was invited by the think-tank The German Marshall Fund of the United States as a fellow. I was to visit the United States for six weeks. It was fully paid. During these six weeks I could...this think-tank has very close connections to the CIA, to this day, they acquired contacts in the CIA for me and they got me access to American politicians, to everyone I wanted. Above all, they showered me with gifts.

There one told me, they knew exactly, 'hello, you were [earlier] on a diving course in Oman...' The CIA knew very precisely. And the CIA also gave me something: The diving gear. I received the diving gear in the United States, and I received an invitation from the state of Oklahoma from the governor. I went there. It was a small ceremony, and I received an honorary citizenship.

I am now honorary citizen of an American state. And in this, it is written that I will only cover the US positively. I accepted this honorary citizenship and was quite proud over it. I proudly told about it to a colleague who worked in the US. He said 'Ha, I already have 31 of these honorary citizenships!' I don't tell about this to be witty, today I am ashamed, really.

I was greedy. I accepted many advantages that a regular citizen at my age in my occupation doesn't have, and shouldn't have. But I perceived it - and that is no excuse - as entirely normal, because my colleagues around me all did the same. But this isn't normal. When journalists are invited to think-tanks in the US, like German Marshall Fund, Atlantic Bridge to 'bring them in line', for friendly making them complicit, naturally to buy them, to grease them with money.”
Udo Ulfkotte

 

Employee on Wikispooks

EmployeeJobAppointed
Jan TechauDirector of the Europe Program2016

 

Known members

36 of the 245 of the members already have pages here:

MemberDescription
John AllenA Retired US Marine Corps 4 star General
Clara Ferreira AlvesPortuguese journalist who attended the 2011 Bilderberg. Member of the CIA-close German Marshall Fund
Timothy Garton AshUK historian, Ditchley Governor with other connections. Presented a paper to the 1989 Bilderberg. Subsequently attended two more, over a span of 30 years.
Catherine AshtonA woman with zero qualification or experience of foreign affairs who, in 2009, was made 'High representative for Foreign Affairs and Security policy' in a deal which finally recognised that the position was NOT going to be given to Tony Blair
Ali AslanSpooky journalist, Georgetown University, many deep state ties
Ronald AsmusExpanded NATO eastwards
Mustafa AydinTurkish "security" academic. German Marshall Fund. Bilderberg/2024
Jeff BergnerCercle attendee. Project for the New American Century. German Marshall Fund. Hudson Institute
Mark CunninghamUS intelligence worker specializing in creating and promoting NGOs for regime changes.
Larry Diamondregime change expert
Karen DonfriedUS spook, German Marshall Fund President 2014-2021
Aaron Friedberg
Michael FromanSerial WEF meeting visitor with many other SDS connections
Guido Goldman
Marc GrossmanMember of Sibel Edmonds' State Secrets Privilege Gallery, attended the 1998 and 2007 Bilderbergs.
David IgnatiusAttender of spooky "security" conferences
Wolfgang IschingerSpooky German diplomat. Chaired the Munich Security Conference
Craig Kennedypresident of the German Marshall Fund in the period 1996-2014
Thomas Kleine-BrockhoffVice President and Executive Director of the Berlin office at the German Marshall Fund, attender of a lot of deep staste events. The Alphen Group
Karen KornbluhSpook. BBG Governor
David KramerUS academic with multiple deep state connections. Conduit for giving the Steele Dossier to Buzzfeed.
Miroslav LajčákSlovak diplomat with WEF AGM habit
Cecilia MalmströmEuropean Commissioner for Trade 2014-2019
Christoph von MarschallTranatlantic German journalist
Michael McFaulUS Ambassador to Russia 2012-2014
Matthias NaßFormer Bilderberg steering committee. International correspondent for die Zeit.
Meghan O'SullivanWEF AGM, MSC, Brussels Forum, Trilateral Commission/North American Chair...
Minxin PeiSingle Bilderberg Chinese born academic with deep state connections
Kori SchakeSpooky US think-tanker
Robin ShepherdFormer Moscow Bureau Chief for The Times now working for intelligence think tanks.
Constanze StelzenmüllerGerman editor and deep state operative of uncertain rank
Stephen SzaboHeavy BF habit
Nathalie TocciItalian political scientist and international relations "expert"
Clint WattsFBI Russia "expert" who can't speak Russian.
"Civil wars don’t start with gunshots, they start with words. America’s war with itself has already begun. We all must act now on the social media battlefield to quell information rebellions that can quickly lead to violent confrontations and easily transform us into the Divided States of America."
Vin WeberAdviser to 2008 US presidential hopeful Mitt Romney
Cem ÖzdemirGerman Green war-loving politician who experienced rocket career after being taken under the wings of transatlantic influence networks. MSC regular

 

Sponsors

EventDescription
Charles Stewart Mott Foundation
Democracy FundFinances numerous organizations as part of effort to control the narrative. Founded by Pierre Omidyar in 2011.
Hewlett FoundationHuge foundation setting the agenda by funding lots of deep state projects.
King Baudouin FoundationThe Belgian royal family, which made its fortune from hand-chopping in the Congo and created the first stooge NGO the International African Association, feels the urge finance new ventures. Coordinates with of a number of similar foundations owned by billionaires or NATO countries , financing select projects.
Mercator FoundationGerman foundation financing projects of deep state interest and buying control over the narrative, especially on "climate change" and pro-migration. Frequently connected to censorship initiatives.
Norway/Ministry of Foreign AffairsA significant donor to NGOs and planning organizations. Many of the recipients dovetail with NATO objectives like regime changes and controlling the narrative.
Smith Richardson FoundationCIA front organization that funds select projects with $$$
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References

  1. https://off-guardian.org/2019/10/06/watch-udo-ulfkotte-bought-journalists/
  2. About GMF, German Marshall Fund of the United States, accessed 25 June, 2008.
  3. Library of Congress For European Recovery: The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Marshall Plan, accessed 16 September 2008
  4. http://www.smokershistory.com/PHoffman.htm Much Intrigue surrounds Hoffman's role:
    "During his stay in Washington, Jean Monnet had been in more or less direct contact with a lot if not with all members of the Committee for Economic Development and more generally with American businessmen involved in the war effort. Paul Hoffman and Averell Harriman were in particular two of his close acquaintances. This group was therefore a key element in the American side of the bridging network." Monnet, officially the head of the French Supply Council (CFA), also developed ties with Robert Nathan of the US War Production Board; George Ball, a lawyer employed by the CFA; Eugen [sic] Rostow; and Harvard Law School antitrust specialist Robert Bowie, who in 1948 became General Counsel to the American High Commissioner in Germany, John McCloy: "He had met Jean Monnet and worked with him in the 1930s when the latter was an investment banker with the American firm of Blair and Company. Dwight Morrow, a Morgan Banker who later became American Ambassador to Mexico, was an old professional acquaintance of Jean Monnet from the late 1920s. Morrow had significant clout in Washington and he was also the open door to the Morgan world and networks. Dean Acheson and after him John Foster Dulles were two powerful Secretaries of State of the Eisenhower era. Both were closely related, through previous professional and personal interactions with Jean Monnet. To these politicians and statesmen should be added the names of a few star journalists - such as Walter Lippman, who wrote in the New Republic and in the New York Herald Tribune, James Reston from the New York Times or Katherine and Philip Graham from The Washington Post."
  5. Library of Congress For European Recovery: The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Marshall Plan, accessed 16 September 2008
  6. David W. Ellwood The Marshall Plan A Strategy That Worked eJournal USA, posted on the State Department Website, April 2008
  7. Library of Congress For European Recovery: The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Marshall Plan, accessed 16 September 2008
  8. Thierry Meyssan (2004) A Cold War Freak for Covert Action: The German Marshall Fund, a Fund for Secret Action Specialists? Voltaire Net, 5 October, accessed 16 September 2008
  9. http://www.gmfus.org/balkantrust/
  10. Thierry Meyssan (2004) A Cold War Freak for Covert Action: The German Marshall Fund, a Fund for Secret Action Specialists? Volttaire Net, 5 October, accessed 16 September 2008
  11. republished in The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 2 (Spring 2005) pp. 7-21.
  12. http://www.worldsecuritynetwork.com/corp/dsp_iab3.cfm
  13. http://www.hoover.org/bios/diamond.html
  14. http://politicalscience.stanford.edu/faculty/mcfaul.html
  15. http://www.eilatgordinlevitan.com/vishnevo/v_pages/vstories_nahum_goldman.html
  16. Thierry Meyssan (2004) A Cold War Freak for Covert Action: The German Marshall Fund, a Fund for Secret Action Specialists?
  17. Thierry Meyssan (2004) A Cold War Freak for Covert Action: The German Marshall Fund, a Fund for Secret Action Specialists? Volttaire Net, 5 October, accessed 16 September 2008