Difference between revisions of "Africa"

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{{place
 
{{place
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa
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|image=Africa_1914.jpg
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|image_width=400px
 
|description=The "dark continent", almost completely overrun by European colonialists, now full of nominally independent governments. Its exploitation continues in a range of more modern, complex, forms, such as [[land grabbing]].
 
|description=The "dark continent", almost completely overrun by European colonialists, now full of nominally independent governments. Its exploitation continues in a range of more modern, complex, forms, such as [[land grabbing]].
 
|constitutes=continent
 
|constitutes=continent
 
}}
 
}}
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[[Image:Colonial Africa 1913 map.jpg|500px|left]]
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[[Africa]] is the world's second-largest and second-most populous [[continent]] after [[Asia]].
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With nearly 1.4 billion people as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the world's human population.
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 +
Africa is the least wealthy inhabited continent per capita which has been ascribed to many factors, most importantly to [[colonialism]] and [[neocolonialism]].
 +
 
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Africa has a large quantity of natural resources and food resources, including diamonds, sugar, salt, gold, iron, cobalt, uranium, copper, bauxite, silver, petroleum, natural gas, cocoa beans, and tropical fruit.<ref>''[https://journals.openedition.org/poldev/78 "African Economic Development and Colonial Legacies"]''</ref>
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==Colonisation==
 
==Colonisation==
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[[Image:Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913-v2.png|600px|right]]
 
{{FA|Berlin Conference}}
 
{{FA|Berlin Conference}}
 
Almost all of Africa was colonised by [[Europe]]an powers, especially [[Britain]] and [[France]]. Modern [[Ethiopia]] is an exception. "European powers worked hard to keep knowledge of its crimes in Africa away from public scrutiny."<ref>https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20201027-the-real-heart-of-darkness</ref>
 
Almost all of Africa was colonised by [[Europe]]an powers, especially [[Britain]] and [[France]]. Modern [[Ethiopia]] is an exception. "European powers worked hard to keep knowledge of its crimes in Africa away from public scrutiny."<ref>https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20201027-the-real-heart-of-darkness</ref>
  
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==Decolonization==
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==Decolonisation==
 
Nominal independence was granted to the former colonies throughout the [[20th century]].
 
Nominal independence was granted to the former colonies throughout the [[20th century]].
 +
 
==Land grabbing==
 
==Land grabbing==
 
{{FA|Land grabbing}}
 
{{FA|Land grabbing}}
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Africa has undergone a boom in land grabbing as foreign investors sought assets likely to be unaffected by, or even to benefit from the global economic events after 2008.
+
Africa has undergone a boom in [[land grabbing]] as foreign investors sought assets likely to be unaffected by, or even to benefit from the global economic events after 2008.
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==Terrorism==
 +
[[ISIS]], according to [[UN]]. [[counter-terrorism]] officials posed a rising threat amid political instability in West Africa, including in [[coup]]s and [[Russian]] military and US [[PMC]] influence.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/united-nations-islamic-state-africa-27c309f74a92429a9ef72d2811956efb</ref>
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==China==
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[[China]]'s flagship economic cooperation program is bouncing back after a lull during the global pandemic, with Africa a primary focus since the [[2020s]].<ref>https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/post-covid-china-is-back-africa-doubling-down-minerals-2024-05-28/</ref>
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{{YouTubeVideo
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|align=right
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|code= m4MZEkFu8PE
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|width=300px
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|caption=The Opioid Crisis Sweeping Africa | The War on Drugs - [[Vice]]
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}}
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==Militarisation==
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The US military has a "quiet but ever-expanding presence on the continent", which has been termed a "shadow war".<ref>https://news.vice.com/story/the-u-s-is-waging-a-massive-shadow-war-in-africa-exclusive-documents-reveal</ref>
  
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==Militarization==
 
−
Of the The US military has a "quiet but ever-expanding presence on the continent", which has been termed a "shadow war".<ref>https://news.vice.com/story/the-u-s-is-waging-a-massive-shadow-war-in-africa-exclusive-documents-reveal</ref>
 
 
{{SMWQ
 
{{SMWQ
−
|subjects=Africa/Militarization
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|subjects=Africa/Militarisation
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|text=Of the 53 armed forces in Africa, 41 (or 77 percent) received U.S. military training.
+
|text=Of the 53 armed forces in Africa, 41 (or 77 percent) received [[US]] military training.
 
|date=April 1999
 
|date=April 1999
 
|source_name=Demilitarization for Democracy  
 
|source_name=Demilitarization for Democracy  
 
|source_details=Dictators or Democracies? U.S. Arms Transfers and Military Training
 
|source_details=Dictators or Democracies? U.S. Arms Transfers and Military Training
 
}}
 
}}
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[[Africa]] was the location of several high-profile coups in the [[2020s]], with even the first ''elected'' presidents to be removed. Western [[CCM]] pointed for most, including the ones in [[Mali]] and [[Niger]], to [[Russia]], as attempts to gain minerals and fossil fuels for Russia while also causing mass migrant waves to [[Europe]] to cause right-wing governments to win in [[EU]] countries, causing even [[war criminal]] [[Tony Blair]] to return to [[British]] politics and publish a warning in a column that Russia is trying to "destabilise" [[Europe]] by causing "[[extremism]] and migration to come to Europe". Blair opted for a ''new war'' against Russia in Africa.<ref>https://unherd.com/thepost/tony-blair-calls-for-new-front-against-russia-in-africa/</ref><ref>https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/how-putin-is-fomenting-europes-migrant-crisis/</ref>
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In [[Ethiopia]], Amharan Special Forces withdraw from the Tigray Region, and soon thereafter also withdraw from nearly all of Ethiopia.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230519153218/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/eritrean-troops-seen-leaving-ethiopian-town-shire-2023-01-21/</ref>
 +
US and [[France]]-backed President Mohamed Bazoum of Niger is toppled in a coup d'état after members of his presidential guard and the armed forces seize control of the country and install General Abdourahamane Tchiani as leader of a military junta, the 6th coup in [[West Africa]] starting in [[2020]].<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2023/08/14/world/niger-coup-treason-evidence-bazoum-intl-hnk/index.html</ref>
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In September 2023 the Russian [[SVR]] gave out a press release in which it stated that the US is considering the assassination of the coup leaders.<ref>http://svr.gov.ru/smi/2023/09/amerikanskie-spetssluzhby-vozvrashchayutsya-k-praktike-likvidatsii-neudobnykh-afrikanskikh-liderov.htm</ref><ref>https://wikispooks.com/wiki/Document:US_intelligence_services_return_to_the_practice_of_eliminating_inconvenient_African_leaders</ref>
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{{SMWDocs}}
 
{{SMWDocs}}
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{{Stub}}
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==References==
 +
<references/>

Latest revision as of 12:47, 4 November 2024

Place.png Africa
(Continent)
  Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Africa 1914.jpg
The "dark continent", almost completely overrun by European colonialists, now full of nominally independent governments. Its exploitation continues in a range of more modern, complex, forms, such as land grabbing.

Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.

With nearly 1.4 billion people as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the world's human population.

Africa is the least wealthy inhabited continent per capita which has been ascribed to many factors, most importantly to colonialism and neocolonialism.

Africa has a large quantity of natural resources and food resources, including diamonds, sugar, salt, gold, iron, cobalt, uranium, copper, bauxite, silver, petroleum, natural gas, cocoa beans, and tropical fruit.[1]

Colonisation

Scramble-for-Africa-1880-1913-v2.png
Full article: Berlin Conference

Almost all of Africa was colonised by European powers, especially Britain and France. Modern Ethiopia is an exception. "European powers worked hard to keep knowledge of its crimes in Africa away from public scrutiny."[2]

Decolonisation

Nominal independence was granted to the former colonies throughout the 20th century.

Land grabbing

Full article: Stub class article Land grabbing

Africa has undergone a boom in land grabbing as foreign investors sought assets likely to be unaffected by, or even to benefit from the global economic events after 2008.

Terrorism

ISIS, according to UN. counter-terrorism officials posed a rising threat amid political instability in West Africa, including in coups and Russian military and US PMC influence.[3]

China

China's flagship economic cooperation program is bouncing back after a lull during the global pandemic, with Africa a primary focus since the 2020s.[4]

The Opioid Crisis Sweeping Africa

Militarisation

The US military has a "quiet but ever-expanding presence on the continent", which has been termed a "shadow war".[5]

“Of the 53 armed forces in Africa, 41 (or 77 percent) received US military training.”
 (April 1999)  [6]

Africa was the location of several high-profile coups in the 2020s, with even the first elected presidents to be removed. Western CCM pointed for most, including the ones in Mali and Niger, to Russia, as attempts to gain minerals and fossil fuels for Russia while also causing mass migrant waves to Europe to cause right-wing governments to win in EU countries, causing even war criminal Tony Blair to return to British politics and publish a warning in a column that Russia is trying to "destabilise" Europe by causing "extremism and migration to come to Europe". Blair opted for a new war against Russia in Africa.[7][8]

In Ethiopia, Amharan Special Forces withdraw from the Tigray Region, and soon thereafter also withdraw from nearly all of Ethiopia.[9] US and France-backed President Mohamed Bazoum of Niger is toppled in a coup d'état after members of his presidential guard and the armed forces seize control of the country and install General Abdourahamane Tchiani as leader of a military junta, the 6th coup in West Africa starting in 2020.[10] In September 2023 the Russian SVR gave out a press release in which it stated that the US is considering the assassination of the coup leaders.[11][12]


 

Related Quotation

PageQuoteAuthorDate
William Mountbatten-Windsor“We are going to have to work much harder and think much deeper, if we are to ensure that human beings and the other species of animal with which we share this planet can continue to co-exist...Africa's rapidly growing human population is predicted to more than double by 2050, a staggering increase of three and a half million people per month...There is no question that this increase puts wildlife and habitat under enormous pressure. Urbanisation, infrastructure development, cultivation—all good things in themselves, but they will have a terrible impact unless we begin to plan and to take measures now.”William Mountbatten-Windsor2017

 

Nation states

Nation stateDescription
AlgeriaA nation on the Mediterranean Sea. The largest country in Africa, formerly colonised by France.
AngolaSouth West African state
BeninFrench speaking country in West Africa.
BotswanaCountry in Southern Africa. Formerly part of the British Empire, Botswana is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world.
Burkina FasoAfrican country; formely part of the French Empire.
BurundiVery small African nation, formerly part of the Belgian Empire. Their president died under mysterious circumstances during COVID.
CameroonWest African state
Cape VerdeAfrican island nation. Independence from Portugal in 1975.
Central African RepublicUnstable, poor African country. They speak Sango and French in the CAR.
ChadArabic and French speaking desert nation in North Africa. Formerly part of the French Empire, Chad has seen instability in recent years.
ComorosObscure island nation off the east coast of Africa. A nation formed at a crossroads of different civilisations, The Comoros is noted for its diverse culture.
Côte d'IvoireThe Ivory Coast.
Democratic Republic of the CongoA large country in central Africa, the majority of the former 'Belgian Congo'.
Djiboutismall country in East Africa.
EgyptStrategically important due particularly to the Suez canal.
Equatorial GuineaVery small country in Central Africa, between Gabon and Cameroon. Rich in oil.
EswatiniSmall African Kingdom; surrounded by South Africa.
EthiopiaThe most populous landlocked country in the world.
GabonFrench speaking country on the west coast of Africa.
GambiaThe smallest country in mainland Africa.
GhanaFormerly known as the "Gold Coast", Ghana has one of the most stable governments in Africa. A member of the African Union and the Commonwealth of Nations
GuineaFrench speaking country in West Africa.
Guinea-BissauPortuguese ex-colony "narco-state" in West Africa.
KenyaFormer UK colony in East Africa
LesothoSmall landlocked nation in Africa.
LiberiaThe only state in Africa never subjected to colonial rule and Africa's oldest republic.
LibyaLibya has larger proven oil reserves than any other African nation, ranking 9th in the world. It was provided with a lot of bomb making equipment in the late 1970s in the Arms for Libya clandestine weapons deal. NATO airstrikes killed 60,000 Libyan civilians in 2011.
MadagascarA large island off southern Africa
MalawiFormer UK colony in East Africa
MaliFormer French colony in West Africa
MauritaniaAfrican country that banned slavery in 2007.
MauritiusIsland nation in the Indian Ocean. Now a tax haven.
MozambiqueSouth East African state, former Portuguese colony, now in the British Commonwealth.
NamibiaA diamond rich territory, formerly occupied by South Africa
NigerWest African country, CIA has its own drone base separately from the army here. It still couldn't stop several coup attempts in the 2020s.
NigeriaAfrica's most populous nation state, with large reserves of oil and gas.
Republic of the CongoFrench-speaking country in Africa.
SenegalCountry in Africa, former French colony.
Sierra LeoneA global cocaine trafficking hub in West Africa
SomaliaWar torn country in Eastern Africa, was still attacking passing ships with "pirates" in the 2000s.
South AfricaA former British and Dutch colony
South SudanCountry partitioned out of Sudan in extensive covert operation
SudanOn the list of seven countries which Wesley Clark stated the US military had plans to invade. An apparent coup in 2021.
São Tomé and PríncipeA Portuguese-speaking island nation in the Gulf of Guinea.
TanzaniaFormer UK colony in East Africa. The president, John Magufuli, who in 2020 resisted WHO pressure to institute a COVID lockdown, died in 2021.
TogoSmall country in West Africa.
Tunisia
UgandaFormer UK colony in East Africa
Zambia
ZimbabweAfrican country known for historically high inflation, constitutional protections for anyone but women, and CIA money laundering.

 

Event

Event
Dag Hammarskjöld/Assassination

 

Related Documents

TitleTypePublication dateAuthor(s)Description
Document:Integrity Initiative Weekly Report 9th to 15th July 2018report15 July 2018Euan Grant
Document:Libya – Unbearable Lightness of Being, Africa 1webpage29 August 2011Anis H. Bajrektarevic
Document:Statement from the Pan African Improvement Organisationstatement27 August 2011Akili Secka
Document:The Destabilization of Africaarticle1 January 2014Carla SteaGlobal power block machinations over the mineral wealth of Africa
Document:The real invasion of Africa is not newsarticle31 January 2013John PilgerThe real character of renewed US and Western involvement in Africa
Document:US intelligence services return to the practice of eliminating inconvenient African leaderspress release7 September 2023SVRA press release by the Russian SVR Press Bureau in the aftermath of the 2023 coup in Niger
Document:Who pulls Boko Haram’s strings?interview16 July 2013Keith Harmon-SnowKeith Harmon-Snow interviewed by Voice of Russia about Boko Haram and the beneficiaries of their activities
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References

  1. ↑ "African Economic Development and Colonial Legacies"
  2. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20201027-the-real-heart-of-darkness
  3. ↑ https://apnews.com/article/united-nations-islamic-state-africa-27c309f74a92429a9ef72d2811956efb
  4. ↑ https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/post-covid-china-is-back-africa-doubling-down-minerals-2024-05-28/
  5. ↑ https://news.vice.com/story/the-u-s-is-waging-a-massive-shadow-war-in-africa-exclusive-documents-reveal
  6. ↑ Demilitarization for Democracy Dictators or Democracies? U.S. Arms Transfers and Military Training
  7. ↑ https://unherd.com/thepost/tony-blair-calls-for-new-front-against-russia-in-africa/
  8. ↑ https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/how-putin-is-fomenting-europes-migrant-crisis/
  9. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20230519153218/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/eritrean-troops-seen-leaving-ethiopian-town-shire-2023-01-21/
  10. ↑ https://edition.cnn.com/2023/08/14/world/niger-coup-treason-evidence-bazoum-intl-hnk/index.html
  11. ↑ http://svr.gov.ru/smi/2023/09/amerikanskie-spetssluzhby-vozvrashchayutsya-k-praktike-likvidatsii-neudobnykh-afrikanskikh-liderov.htm
  12. ↑ https://wikispooks.com/wiki/Document:US_intelligence_services_return_to_the_practice_of_eliminating_inconvenient_African_leaders
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