Difference between revisions of "Winston Churchill"
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− | {{ | + | {{person |
+ | |wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill | ||
+ | |spartacus=http://spartacus-educational.com/PRchurchill.htm | ||
+ | |image=Winston Churchill.jpg | ||
+ | |nationality=UK | ||
+ | |children=Randolph Churchill | ||
+ | |relatives=Winston Churchill II | ||
+ | |spouses=Clementine Hozier | ||
+ | |constitutes=Politician, soldier, journalist, historian, author, painter | ||
+ | |birth_date=30 November 1874 | ||
+ | |birth_name=Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill | ||
+ | |birth_place=Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, England | ||
+ | |death_date=24 January 1965 | ||
+ | |death_place=London, England | ||
+ | |religion=Anglican | ||
+ | |political_parties=Conservative, Liberal Party (UK) | ||
+ | |parents=Lord Randolph Churchill, Lady Randolph Churchill | ||
+ | |alma_mater=Harrow School,Royal Military College Sandhurst | ||
+ | |employment={{job | ||
+ | |employer=UK | ||
+ | |title=Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | ||
+ | |start=10 May 1940 | ||
+ | |end=26 July 1945 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |employer=UK | ||
+ | |title=Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | ||
+ | |start=26 October 1951 | ||
+ | |end=6 April 1955 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=UK/Leader of the Opposition | ||
+ | |start=26 July 1945 | ||
+ | |end=26 October 1951 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=Leader of the Conservative Party | ||
+ | |start=9 November 1940 | ||
+ | |end=6 April 1955 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=UK/Minister of Defence | ||
+ | |start=28 October 1951 | ||
+ | |end=1 March 1952 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=UK/Minister of Defence | ||
+ | |start=10 May 1940 | ||
+ | |end=26 July 1945 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=First Lord of the Admiralty | ||
+ | |start=3 September 1939 | ||
+ | |end=11 May 1940 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=First Lord of the Admiralty | ||
+ | |start=24 October 1911 | ||
+ | |end=25 May 1915 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=Chancellor of the Exchequer | ||
+ | |start=6 November 1924 | ||
+ | |end=4 June 1929 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=Secretary of State for the Colonies | ||
+ | |start=13 February 1921 | ||
+ | |end=19 October 1922 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=Secretary of State for Air | ||
+ | |start=10 January 1919 | ||
+ | |end=13 February 1921 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=Secretary of State for War | ||
+ | |start=10 January 1919 | ||
+ | |end=13 February 1921 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=Minister of Munitions | ||
+ | |start=17 July 1917 | ||
+ | |end=10 January 1919 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster | ||
+ | |start=25 May 1915 | ||
+ | |end=25 November 1915 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=Home Secretary | ||
+ | |start=19 February 1910 | ||
+ | |end=24 October 1911 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=President of the Board of Trade | ||
+ | |start=12 April 1908 | ||
+ | |end=14 February 1910 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=MP for Woodford | ||
+ | |start=5 July 1945 | ||
+ | |end=15 October 1964 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=Member of Parliament for Woodford | ||
+ | |start=5 July 1945 | ||
+ | |end=15 October 1964 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=Member of Parliament for Epping | ||
+ | |start=29 October 1924 | ||
+ | |end=5 July 1945 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=Member of Parliament for Dundee | ||
+ | |start=24 April 1908 | ||
+ | |end=15 November 1922 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=Member of Parliament for Manchester North West | ||
+ | |start=8 February 1906 | ||
+ | |end=24 April 1908 | ||
+ | }}{{job | ||
+ | |title=Member of Parliament for Oldham | ||
+ | |start=24 October 1900 | ||
+ | |end=12 January 1906 | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | }}'''Winston Churchill''' was a [[UK]] politician who founded [[The Other Club]] with [[F. E. Smith]]. | ||
− | The | + | The Wikipedia article says of him: "A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. He is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and was the first person to be made an Honorary Citizen of the [[United States]]." |
− | == | + | ==Criticism== |
+ | {{QB|''... Churchill was a man who met a moment, and the moment was much shorter than he's given credit for - about six months. He made four speeches, all of which were derivative of Shakespeare and Macaulay. Everything else about his wearyingly long public life was self-serving and disastrous: he was a terrible self-publicising hack; he was a loathed soldier; he was the worst First Sea Lord we ever had. A staggeringly inept Home Secretary, he was wrong about absolutely everything he set his sights on. He was responsible for the Dardanelles, the worst disaster of the First World War. He sent soldiers to shoot Welsh miners. He put field guns on to the streets of the East End of London. During the General Strike, he was so rabid that he had to be kept out of government, because he wanted to machine-gun bus drivers. Later, he was the worst sort of empire loyalist, desperate to hold on to India, and racist about Gandhi, that naked little fakir (frankly, if you had to choose the greater man between Gandhi and Churchill, there's no contest). He sent the Black and Tans into Ireland. He'd have bankrupted the country by returning us to the gold standard; he gave away large areas of eastern Europe to Stalin. And he was responsible for the disgraceful but forgotten war of intervention to support the White Russians at the end of the First World War. Altogether, he represents everything I find most dispiriting, snobbish, philistine, proudly anti-intellectual and stubbornly backward-looking about Britain''.}} | ||
− | [[ | + | The quote is from a [[New Statesman]] article by prominent British commentator, A A Gill. |
− | [ | + | In an article entitled '''Cromwell and Churchill for "Worst Briton"''' he says: ''As someone who championed Shakespeare for the greatest Briton, I would have to vote for Cromwell as my worst - a man who closed down theatres, banned dancing and cancelled Christmas.... My other nomination is Churchill.<ref>[http://www.newstatesman.com/200212160058 AA Gill nominates Oliver Cromwell and Winston Churchill as the 'Worst Britons of all Time]. New Statemen 16 Dec 2002.</ref> |
− | [[ | + | ==Personal life== |
+ | The son of aristocrats, Churchill was accustomed to having only the very best and wasn’t about to let his low pay, and in some cases no pay, as an [[army officer]] stand in the way of enjoying [[luxury cars]], multiple estates, fine dining, pricey cigars, an [[alcoholism|alcohol habit]] and a wardrobe filled with high-end, bespoke fashion, since he was very particular about the way he dressed.<ref>https://coolhunting.com/style/churchill-style/</ref> The lifestyle was partially financed by the Briish-Jewish banker [[Henry Strakosch]], who paid Churchill's large debts "without asking anything in return".<ref>https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/europe/.premium-churchills-debts-and-the-money-men-who-saved-him-1.5437629</ref> | ||
− | [[ | + | Churchill attended [[Harrow]], which had one of the more homosexual reputations among the major [[public schools]]. Around the time of Churchill's 21st birthday, A. C. Bruce, a fellow subaltern in the [[Fourth Hussars]], accused him of having 'participated in acts of gross immorality of the [[Oscar Wilde]] type' while they had been cadets at [[Sandhurst]] a couple of years earlier. Bruce had just resigned from the regiment, claiming that Churchill and others had hounded him out of the Army on grounds of snobbery. His case was taken up by the journal, ''Truth''. Wary of [[libel]], ''Truth'' did not refer directly to the homosexual allegations, but Bruce's father mentioned them in February [[1896]] in a letter to an officer who was buying his son's military gear. On being shown the letter, Churchill issued a writ for libel. Unable to prove the veracity of what he had written, Bruce senior settled the matter by issuing an apology and paying Churchill £500.<ref name=mail>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3093439/Was-Winston-secretly-GAY.html</reF> |
− | = | + | His marriage to [[Clementine Churchill]] in his mid-30s, while usually presented as a love-match, was in reality a calculated marriage of convenience for career and child-bearing purposes<ref name=mail/>. |
− | < | + | When Churchill became Undersecretary for the Colonies at the age of 31, he caused surprise by demanding to have a minor official named [[Eddie Marsh]], whom he had recently met at a party, as his private secretary. After becoming Churchill's private secretary, Marsh, "known for high-pitched voice and effeminate mannerisms and was already known for his 'crushes' on handsome young writers and actors"<ref name=mail/> , continued to work in the same relatively humble capacity in every ministerial post Churchill occupied for the next quarter of a century.<ref name=mail/> Also [[Robert Boothby]], a" charismatic bisexual rake" who became the youngest Tory MP in 1924, soon afterwards became Churchill’s parliamentary private secretary.<ref name=mail/> |
+ | |||
+ | From [[1935]], Churchill visited [[Marrakech]], [[Morocco]] regularly, making six long trips there in winter between 1935-1959.<ref>https://classicchicagomagazine.com/winston-churchill-a-painter-at-marrakech/</ref> The town is infamous for its underage male brothels. While not conclusive, this leaves the question open on whether he was part of the [[UK/VIPaedophile]] blackmail scheme, as several later British leading politicians.<ref>https://www.henrymakow.com/churchill_was_a_judas.html</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Racism== | ||
+ | Churchill’s doctor, Lord Moran, once said of Churchill that "Winston thinks only of the colour of their skin."<ref>http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/not-his-finest-hour-the-dark-side-of-winston-churchill-2118317.html</ref> Churchill himself declared "I hate Indians. They are a beastly people with a beastly religion.” When asked in 1944 to explain why he sent no food to aid relieve the [[1943 Bengal famine]], (in which up to 3 million people starved to death) he replied bluntly "Relief would do no good. Indians breed like rabbits and will outstrip any available food supply."<ref name="cp">[http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/01/28/winston-churchill-the-imperial-monster/ Winston Churchill: the Imperial Monster], 2015-01-28</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Imperialism== | ||
+ | When Mahatma Gandhi launched his campaign of peaceful resistance against British rule in India, Churchill declared that Gandhi "ought to be lain bound hand and foot at the gates of Delhi, and then trampled on by an enormous elephant with the new Viceroy seated on its back. Gandhi-ism and everything it stands for will have to be grappled with and crushed.”<ref name="cp"/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==World War 2== | ||
+ | In [[1939]], the [[British]] [[War]] Office sequestered a mansion in [[London]] (owned by a friend of Winston Churchill named Philip Sassoon) called Trent Park<ref>https://www.historynet.com/secret-luxury-prison-trent-park-helped-the-brits-spy-on-nazi-generals.htm</ref> for “special purposes,” with no comment further made on why or what would be conducted there. The site - a mansion in fine condition - houses [[Adolf Hitler]]’s captured generals<ref>https://www.trentparkhouse.org.uk/latest-news/who-were-the-german-generals</ref>, [[POWs]] and other [[military officials]] that were captured on the [[African]] or [[European]] continent. The mansion was nowhere classified as a prison or internment camp, and after brief interrogation, many generals were treated exceptionally well in the mansion, being able to go daily hiking around the perimeter and getting gifted expensive drinks, not realizing the building was in fact a government non-declared prison where every room was bugged from top to bottom. In [[2010]] the [[BBC]] revealed dozens of protocols and several bombings were ordered because of information gained in Trent Park.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00txmkk</ref> | ||
− | + | The success of the plan led to other plans such as Operation Epsilon - where [[Nazi]]-[[scientists]] who were responsible for [[The Nazi atom bomb programme]] were placed in a different mansion.<ref>https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/77911</ref> | |
+ | The [[US]] had their similar own secret prison called "P. O. Box 1142<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060821231648/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14431095</ref>", after the mailing address, a separated section of an [[US Army]] base in [[Virginia]]. This US secret [[prison]] formed the basis of [[Operation Paperclip]], where the Nazis who were brought in by the US would form and lead new US top-secret [[military]] science projects, although being sought for [[war crimes]] in ally-occupied [[Germany]]. | ||
− | + | ===War crimes=== | |
+ | Churchill ordered the saturation bombing of [[Dresden]] which resulted in the incineration of over 100,000 German civilians and refugees, mostly women and children, in a single day. The UK's [[Royal Air Force]] and the [[United States Army Air Force]] dropped over 700,000 phosphorus bombs on the city. He had earlier stated "I do not want suggestions as to how we can disable the economy and the machinery of war, what I want are suggestions as to how we can roast the German refugees on their escape from Breslau." | ||
− | + | ===Chemical Weapon Use=== | |
+ | {{FA|Winston Churchill/Chemical Weapon Use}} | ||
+ | Churchill was in no doubt that gas should be employed against the Kurds and Iraqis (as well as against other peoples in the Empire), declaring "I do not understand this squeamishness about the use of gas. I am strongly in favour of using poison gas against uncivilised tribes. It would spread a lively terror."<ref name="cp"/> | ||
+ | {{SMWDocs}} | ||
− | + | ==References== | |
+ | <references/> |
Latest revision as of 07:26, 8 June 2024
Winston Churchill (Politician, soldier, journalist, historian, author, painter) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Born | Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill 30 November 1874 Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, England | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Died | 24 January 1965 (Age 90) London, England | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nationality | UK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alma mater | Harrow School, Royal Military College Sandhurst | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Religion | Anglican | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parents | • Lord Randolph Churchill • Lady Randolph Churchill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Children | Randolph Churchill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spouse | Clementine Hozier | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Founder of | The Other Club | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Member of | Galton Institute, The Other Club | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Perpetrator of | Zinoviev Letter | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest of | John Cadman, Henry Strakosch | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Party | Conservative, Liberal Party (UK) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Relatives | Winston Churchill II | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subpage | •Winston Churchill/Chemical warfare | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Winston Churchill was a UK politician who founded The Other Club with F. E. Smith.
The Wikipedia article says of him: "A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. He is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and was the first person to be made an Honorary Citizen of the United States."
Contents
Criticism
... Churchill was a man who met a moment, and the moment was much shorter than he's given credit for - about six months. He made four speeches, all of which were derivative of Shakespeare and Macaulay. Everything else about his wearyingly long public life was self-serving and disastrous: he was a terrible self-publicising hack; he was a loathed soldier; he was the worst First Sea Lord we ever had. A staggeringly inept Home Secretary, he was wrong about absolutely everything he set his sights on. He was responsible for the Dardanelles, the worst disaster of the First World War. He sent soldiers to shoot Welsh miners. He put field guns on to the streets of the East End of London. During the General Strike, he was so rabid that he had to be kept out of government, because he wanted to machine-gun bus drivers. Later, he was the worst sort of empire loyalist, desperate to hold on to India, and racist about Gandhi, that naked little fakir (frankly, if you had to choose the greater man between Gandhi and Churchill, there's no contest). He sent the Black and Tans into Ireland. He'd have bankrupted the country by returning us to the gold standard; he gave away large areas of eastern Europe to Stalin. And he was responsible for the disgraceful but forgotten war of intervention to support the White Russians at the end of the First World War. Altogether, he represents everything I find most dispiriting, snobbish, philistine, proudly anti-intellectual and stubbornly backward-looking about Britain.
The quote is from a New Statesman article by prominent British commentator, A A Gill.
In an article entitled Cromwell and Churchill for "Worst Briton" he says: As someone who championed Shakespeare for the greatest Briton, I would have to vote for Cromwell as my worst - a man who closed down theatres, banned dancing and cancelled Christmas.... My other nomination is Churchill.[1]
Personal life
The son of aristocrats, Churchill was accustomed to having only the very best and wasn’t about to let his low pay, and in some cases no pay, as an army officer stand in the way of enjoying luxury cars, multiple estates, fine dining, pricey cigars, an alcohol habit and a wardrobe filled with high-end, bespoke fashion, since he was very particular about the way he dressed.[2] The lifestyle was partially financed by the Briish-Jewish banker Henry Strakosch, who paid Churchill's large debts "without asking anything in return".[3]
Churchill attended Harrow, which had one of the more homosexual reputations among the major public schools. Around the time of Churchill's 21st birthday, A. C. Bruce, a fellow subaltern in the Fourth Hussars, accused him of having 'participated in acts of gross immorality of the Oscar Wilde type' while they had been cadets at Sandhurst a couple of years earlier. Bruce had just resigned from the regiment, claiming that Churchill and others had hounded him out of the Army on grounds of snobbery. His case was taken up by the journal, Truth. Wary of libel, Truth did not refer directly to the homosexual allegations, but Bruce's father mentioned them in February 1896 in a letter to an officer who was buying his son's military gear. On being shown the letter, Churchill issued a writ for libel. Unable to prove the veracity of what he had written, Bruce senior settled the matter by issuing an apology and paying Churchill £500.[4]
His marriage to Clementine Churchill in his mid-30s, while usually presented as a love-match, was in reality a calculated marriage of convenience for career and child-bearing purposes[4].
When Churchill became Undersecretary for the Colonies at the age of 31, he caused surprise by demanding to have a minor official named Eddie Marsh, whom he had recently met at a party, as his private secretary. After becoming Churchill's private secretary, Marsh, "known for high-pitched voice and effeminate mannerisms and was already known for his 'crushes' on handsome young writers and actors"[4] , continued to work in the same relatively humble capacity in every ministerial post Churchill occupied for the next quarter of a century.[4] Also Robert Boothby, a" charismatic bisexual rake" who became the youngest Tory MP in 1924, soon afterwards became Churchill’s parliamentary private secretary.[4]
From 1935, Churchill visited Marrakech, Morocco regularly, making six long trips there in winter between 1935-1959.[5] The town is infamous for its underage male brothels. While not conclusive, this leaves the question open on whether he was part of the UK/VIPaedophile blackmail scheme, as several later British leading politicians.[6]
Racism
Churchill’s doctor, Lord Moran, once said of Churchill that "Winston thinks only of the colour of their skin."[7] Churchill himself declared "I hate Indians. They are a beastly people with a beastly religion.” When asked in 1944 to explain why he sent no food to aid relieve the 1943 Bengal famine, (in which up to 3 million people starved to death) he replied bluntly "Relief would do no good. Indians breed like rabbits and will outstrip any available food supply."[8]
Imperialism
When Mahatma Gandhi launched his campaign of peaceful resistance against British rule in India, Churchill declared that Gandhi "ought to be lain bound hand and foot at the gates of Delhi, and then trampled on by an enormous elephant with the new Viceroy seated on its back. Gandhi-ism and everything it stands for will have to be grappled with and crushed.”[8]
World War 2
In 1939, the British War Office sequestered a mansion in London (owned by a friend of Winston Churchill named Philip Sassoon) called Trent Park[9] for “special purposes,” with no comment further made on why or what would be conducted there. The site - a mansion in fine condition - houses Adolf Hitler’s captured generals[10], POWs and other military officials that were captured on the African or European continent. The mansion was nowhere classified as a prison or internment camp, and after brief interrogation, many generals were treated exceptionally well in the mansion, being able to go daily hiking around the perimeter and getting gifted expensive drinks, not realizing the building was in fact a government non-declared prison where every room was bugged from top to bottom. In 2010 the BBC revealed dozens of protocols and several bombings were ordered because of information gained in Trent Park.[11]
The success of the plan led to other plans such as Operation Epsilon - where Nazi-scientists who were responsible for The Nazi atom bomb programme were placed in a different mansion.[12] The US had their similar own secret prison called "P. O. Box 1142[13]", after the mailing address, a separated section of an US Army base in Virginia. This US secret prison formed the basis of Operation Paperclip, where the Nazis who were brought in by the US would form and lead new US top-secret military science projects, although being sought for war crimes in ally-occupied Germany.
War crimes
Churchill ordered the saturation bombing of Dresden which resulted in the incineration of over 100,000 German civilians and refugees, mostly women and children, in a single day. The UK's Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Force dropped over 700,000 phosphorus bombs on the city. He had earlier stated "I do not want suggestions as to how we can disable the economy and the machinery of war, what I want are suggestions as to how we can roast the German refugees on their escape from Breslau."
Chemical Weapon Use
- Full article: Winston Churchill/Chemical Weapon Use
- Full article: Winston Churchill/Chemical Weapon Use
Churchill was in no doubt that gas should be employed against the Kurds and Iraqis (as well as against other peoples in the Empire), declaring "I do not understand this squeamishness about the use of gas. I am strongly in favour of using poison gas against uncivilised tribes. It would spread a lively terror."[8]
An event carried out
Event | Description |
---|---|
Zinoviev Letter | MI5 fake letter published in the Daily Mail to destroy the 1924 Labour government |
A Quote by Winston Churchill
Page | Quote |
---|---|
School | “schools have not necessarily much to do with education... they are mainly institutions of control, where basic habits must be inculcated in the young. Education is quite different and has little place in school.” |
Event Participated in
Event | Start | End | Location(s) | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
1948 Hague Congress | 7 May 1948 | 11 May 1948 | The Hague Netherlands | Landmark conference which had a profound influence on the shape of the European Movement. Many of the groups organizing the conference received covert funding from the CIA. |
Related Documents
Title | Type | Publication date | Author(s) | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Document:Nothing has Changed | Article | 10 November 2017 | John Warren | The ill-judged words of the present Prime Minister perhaps accidentally illuminate something important about the true character of the Conservative Party: “Nothing has Changed”. |
Document:The Monstrous Winston Churchill | article | 15 April 2010 | Kevin MacDonald | A brief introduction to Judaic influence on the career of Winston Churchill |
References
- ↑ AA Gill nominates Oliver Cromwell and Winston Churchill as the 'Worst Britons of all Time. New Statemen 16 Dec 2002.
- ↑ https://coolhunting.com/style/churchill-style/
- ↑ https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/europe/.premium-churchills-debts-and-the-money-men-who-saved-him-1.5437629
- ↑ a b c d e https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3093439/Was-Winston-secretly-GAY.html
- ↑ https://classicchicagomagazine.com/winston-churchill-a-painter-at-marrakech/
- ↑ https://www.henrymakow.com/churchill_was_a_judas.html
- ↑ http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/not-his-finest-hour-the-dark-side-of-winston-churchill-2118317.html
- ↑ a b c Winston Churchill: the Imperial Monster, 2015-01-28
- ↑ https://www.historynet.com/secret-luxury-prison-trent-park-helped-the-brits-spy-on-nazi-generals.htm
- ↑ https://www.trentparkhouse.org.uk/latest-news/who-were-the-german-generals
- ↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00txmkk
- ↑ https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/77911
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20060821231648/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14431095