Difference between revisions of "1778"

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[[File:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|thumb|right| [[June 28]]: [[Battle of Monmouth]]]]
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== Events ==
 +
<onlyinclude>
 +
 +
=== January&ndash;March ===
 +
* [[January 18]] &ndash; [[Third voyage of James Cook]]: [[Sea captain|Captain]] [[James Cook]], with ships [[HMS Resolution (1771)|HMS ''Resolution'']] and [[HMS Discovery (1774)|HMS ''Discovery'']], first views [[Oahu]] then [[Kauai]] in the [[Hawaiian Islands]] of the Pacific Ocean, which he names the ''Sandwich Islands''.
 +
* [[February 5]] &ndash;
 +
**[[South Carolina]] becomes the first state to ratify the [[Articles of Confederation]].
 +
**
 +
**General [[John Cadwalader (general)|John Cadwalader]] shoots and seriously wounds Major General [[Thomas Conway]] in a duel after a dispute between the two officers over Conway's continued criticism of General George Washington's leadership of the Continental Army.<ref>Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909, ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p166</ref>''Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909'', ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p166</ref>
 +
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]] &ndash; In Paris, the [[Treaty of Alliance (1778)|Treaty of Alliance]] and the [[Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–France)|Treaty of Amity and Commerce]] are signed by the United States and France, signaling official French recognition of the new republic.
 +
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben]] arrives at [[Valley Forge]], [[Pennsylvania]] and begins to train the American troops.
 +
* [[March 6]]&ndash;[[October 24]] &ndash; [[James Cook|Captain Cook]] explores and maps the [[Pacific Northwest]] coast of North America, from [[Cape Foulweather]] ([[Oregon]]) to the [[Bering Strait]].
 +
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]] &ndash; [[George Washington]] approves the dishonorable discharge of Lieutenant [[Frederick Gotthold Enslin]], for "attempting to commit sodomy, with John Monhort a soldier".
 +
 +
=== April&ndash;June ===
 +
* [[April 7]] &ndash; Former British Prime Minister [[William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham|William Pitt]], delivers his last speech to Parliament, and speaks to the House of Lords "passionately but incoherently against the granting of independence" to the American colonies, but collapses during the debate, and dies five weeks later.<ref>"Pitt, William (The Elder; Ear of Chatham)", by Philip Woodfine, in ''British Political Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary'', ed. by Keith Laybourn (ABC-CLIO, 2001) p264</ref>
 +
* [[April 12]] &ndash; King George III appoints the five-member [[Carlisle Peace Commission]] to present peace terms to negotiate an end to the rebellion of Britain's 13 American colonies.<ref>Barry Alan Shain, ''The Declaration of Independence in Historical Context'' (Yale University Press, 2014) p657</ref>
 +
* [[April 30]] &ndash; The {{convert|1800|ft}} long [[Hudson River Chain]], designed to prevent British ships from moving up the river toward [[West Point, New York]] is stretched across the river and anchored by an engineering team under the direction of Captain Thomas Machin.<ref>Raymond C. Houghton, ''A Revolutionary War Road Trip on US Route 9'' (Cyber Haus, 2003) pp37-38</ref>
 +
* [[May 12]] &ndash; [[Heinrich XI, Prince Reuss of Greiz]] is elevated to [[Prince]] of the [[Principality of Reuss-Greiz]] by [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor]] – it is during Heinrich XI's rule in 1778, that the first appearance of the [[National colours of Germany|national colors of modern Germany]] are present on a flag that closely resembles the modern [[Flag of Germany]], to occur [[Thuringia|anywhere within]] what today comprises Germany.
 +
* [[May 30]] &ndash; [[Benedict Arnold]] signs the U.S. [[oath of allegiance|Oath of Allegiance]] at [[Valley Forge]].<ref>http://www.ushistory.org/ValleyForge/served/arnold.html</ref>
 +
* [[June 24]] &ndash; A total [[solar eclipse]] takes place across parts of North America, from [[Texas]] to [[Virginia]].
 +
* [[June 28]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Monmouth]]: [[George Washington]]'s [[Continental Army]] battles British general [[Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730)|Sir Henry Clinton]]'s army to a draw, near [[Monmouth County, New Jersey]].
 +
* [[June]] &ndash; The [[Anglo-French War (1778–83)]] begins.
 +
 +
=== July&ndash;September ===
 +
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Wyoming|Wyoming Massacre]] takes place near [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania]], ending in a terrible defeat of the local colonists.
 +
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]] &ndash; [[George Rogers Clark]] [[Illinois campaign|takes Kaskaskia]].
 +
* [[July 10]] &ndash; [[Louis XVI of France]] declares war on the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]].
 +
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Ushant (1778)|First Battle of Ushant]] &ndash; [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] and French fleets fight to a standoff.
 +
* [[August 3]] &ndash; The [[La Scala]] Opera House opens in [[Milan]], with the première of [[Antonio Salieri]]'s ''[[Europa riconosciuta]]''.
 +
* [[August 26]] &ndash; [[Triglav]], at {{convert|2,864|m|ft}} above sea level the highest peak of [[Slovenia]], is ascended for the first time by four men: Luka Korošec, Matevž Kos, Štefan Rožič, and Lovrenc Willomitzer, on [[Sigmund Zois]]' initiative.
 +
* [[August 29]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]] &ndash; The tactically inconclusive [[Battle of Rhode Island]] takes place, after which the [[Continental Army]] abandons its position on [[Aquidneck Island]].
 +
* [[September]] &ndash; The ''[[Massachusetts Banishment Act]]'', providing punishment for [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalists]], is passed.
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* [[September 7]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]] &ndash; [[Invasion of Dominica (1778)|Invasion of Dominica]]: The French capture the British fort there, before the latter is aware that France has entered the war in the [[Franco-American alliance]].
 +
* [[September 17]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Fort Pitt]] is signed, the first formal treaty between the United States and a [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribe (the [[Lenape]] or Delaware).
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* [[September 19]] &ndash; The [[Continental Congress]] passes the first [[budget]] of the United States.
 +
 +
=== October&ndash;December ===
 +
* [[October 12]] &ndash; The Continental Congress advises the 13 member states to suppress "theatrical entertainments, horse-racing, gaming, and such other diversions as are productive of idleness, dissipation, and general depravity of principles and manners."<ref>Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909, ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p166</ref>
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* [[November 11]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: [[Cherry Valley massacre]] &ndash; British forces and their Iroquois allies attack a fort and the village of Cherry Valley, New York, killing 14 soldiers and 30 civilians.
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* [[November 26]]
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**In the [[Hawaiian Islands]], Captain [[James Cook]] becomes the first European to land on [[Maui]].
 +
**[[New Jersey]] becomes the second state to agree to the [[Articles of Confederation]].<ref>Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909, ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p166</ref>
 +
* [[December 10]] &ndash; [[John Jay]] of New York is chosen as the sixth [[President of the Continental Congress]].<ref>Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909, ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p166</ref>
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=== Undated ===
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* Victoria, Seychelles is founded by French colonists.
 +
* The first [[colonisation|settlement]] is made in the area of what is now [[Louisville, Kentucky]], by 13 families under [[Colonel]] [[George Rogers Clark]].
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* [[Phillips Academy]] is founded by Samuel Phillips Jr.
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* The term ''[[thoroughbred]]'' is first used in the United States, in an advertisement in a [[Kentucky]] [[gazette]], to describe a [[New Jersey]] stallion called Pilgarlick.
 +
* [[Thomas Kitchin]]'s ''The Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe'' is published in London.<ref>http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4397/ </ref>
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</onlyinclude>
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== Births ==
 +
 +
=== January–April ===
 +
* [[January 1]]
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** [[James Grant (British Army officer, born 1778)|James Grant]], British Major-General C.B. (d. [[1852]])
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** [[Tredwell Scudder]], American politician (d. [[1834]])
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** [[Charles Alexandre Lesueur]], French naturalist (d. [[1846]])
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* [[January 3]] &ndash; [[Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski]], Polish Catholic bishop (d. [[1861]])
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* [[January 4]]
 +
** [[Billy J. Clark]], American politician (d. [[1866]])
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** [[Paolo Polidori]], Italian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1847]])
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** [[John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland]], England (d. [[1857]])
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** [[Jean-Antoine Alavoine]], French architect (d. [[1834]])
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* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Charles-Guillaume Étienne]], French writer (d. [[1845]])
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* [[January 6]] &ndash; [[Thomas Lincoln]], Farmer, Carpenter (d. [[1851]])
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* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Anthony Todd Thomson]], British dermatologist (d. [[1849]])
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* [[January 9]] &ndash; [[Thomas Brown (philosopher)|Thomas Brown]], Scottish metaphysician (d. [[1820]])
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* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante]], Argentine politician (d. [[1851]])
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* [[January 11]] &ndash; [[Agathon Jean François Fain]], French historian (d. [[1837]])
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* [[January 12]] &ndash; [[William Herbert (botanist)|William Herbert]], British politician (d. [[1847]])
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* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[Sir Isaac Goldsmid, 1st Baronet]], British financier and one of the leading figures in the Jewish emancipation in the United Kingdom (d. [[1859]])
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* [[January 15]] &ndash; [[Joseph Adamy]], Nassauian politician (d. [[1849]])
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* [[January 16]]
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** [[Teodoro Lechi]], Italian general (d. [[1866]])
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** [[John Arbuthnott, 8th Viscount of Arbuthnott]], Scottish peer and soldier (d. [[1860]])
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* [[January 17]]
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** [[Donald Macdonell (Upper Canada politician)|Donald Macdonell]], Canadian politician (d. [[1861]])
 +
** [[George Black (shipbuilder)|George Black]], Canadian politician, businessman and important shipbuilder in Quebec, during the earlier part of the 19th century (d. [[1854]])
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* [[January 18]] &ndash; [[George Bellas Greenough]], British geologist (d. [[1855]])
 +
* [[January 20]] &ndash; [[Louis Antoine François Baillon]], French naturalist, collector (d. [[1855]])
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* [[January 21]] &ndash; [[Jeremiah O'Brien (Maine politician)|Jeremiah O'Brien]], American politician (d. [[1858]])
 +
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Alire Raffeneau Delile]], French botanist (d. [[1850]])
 +
* [[January 24]] &ndash; [[Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry]], England (d. [[1820]])
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* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Matsudaira Norihiro]], Japanese daimyō who ruled the Nishio Domain (d. [[1839]])
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* [[January 26]]
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** [[Jakob von Washington]], Bavarian general (d. [[1848]])
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** [[Johann Georg Stauffer]], Austrian luthier (d. [[1853]])
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* [[January 27]]
 +
** [[Christian Mathias Schröder]], German politician (d. [[1860]])
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** [[Andrew Sterett]], United States Navy officer (d. [[1807]])
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* [[January 28]] &ndash; [[James Tallmadge, Jr.]], American politician (d. [[1853]])
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* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[John Williams (Tennessee politician)|John Williams]], Tennessee politician (d. [[1837]])
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* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky]], Austrian statesman (d. [[1861]])
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* [[February 1]] &ndash; [[Joseph Richardson (U.S. politician)|Joseph Richardson]], American politician (d. [[1871]])
 +
* [[February 2]] &ndash; [[Mary Anne Talbot]], British wartime cross-dresser (d. [[1808]])
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* [[February 3]]
 +
** [[Cornelis Vollenhoven]], Dutch politician (d. [[1849]])
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** [[John Ritchie (newspaper owner)|John Ritchie]], British newspaper founder (d. [[1870]])
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* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle]], Swiss botanist (d. [[1841]])
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* [[February 5]] &ndash; [[Jan Nepomucen Umiński]], Polish general (d. [[1851]])
 +
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[Ugo Foscolo]], Italian writer, revolutionary and poet (d. [[1827]])
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* [[February 13]] &ndash; [[William P. Van Ness]], United States federal judge (d. [[1826]])
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* [[February 14]] &ndash; [[Fernando Sor]], Spanish musician (d. [[1839]])
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* [[February 16]]
 +
** [[John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton]] of Great Britain (d. [[1863]])
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** [[Rosalie Stier Calvert]], 19th century Maryland plantation owner, correspondent (d. [[1821]])
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* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[Vincenzo Pucitta]], Italian composer (d. [[1861]])
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* [[February 19]]
 +
** [[Friedrich Karl von Tettenborn]], Russian military commander (d. [[1845]])
 +
** [[Henry Ashley]], American politician (d. [[1829]])
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** [[Daniel Williams Harmon]], American-born Canadian fur trader, diarist (d. [[1843]])
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* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[Margaret Bayard Smith]], American writer (d. [[1844]])
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* [[February 22]]
 +
** [[Sir Roger Martin, 5th Baronet]] of Great Britain (d. [[1854]])
 +
** [[Franz Ludwig Catel]], German artist (d. [[1856]])
 +
** [[Rembrandt Peale]], American painter (d. [[1860]])
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** [[Gottfried Wilhelm Becker]], German physician, writer (d. [[1854]])
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* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[José de San Martín]], Argentine general (d. [[1850]])
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* [[March 1]]
 +
** [[Chrétien Géofroy Nestler]], French botanist (d. [[1832]])
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** [[Amos Lane]], American politician (d. [[1849]])
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* [[March 2]]
 +
** [[William Austin (author)|William Austin]], American politician (d. [[1841]])
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** [[Vincent Moulac]], French naval officer (d. [[1836]])
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* [[March 3]]
 +
** Princess [[Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] (d. [[1841]])
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** [[Peter Laurie]], British politician (d. [[1861]])
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* [[March 4]]
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** [[Sir Henry Bunbury, 7th Baronet]], British Army general (d. [[1860]])
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** [[Robert Emmet]], Irish rebel (d. [[1803]])
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** [[Florestano Pepe]], Italian general (d. [[1851]])
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* [[March 6]]
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** [[Francis Ogilvy-Grant, 6th Earl of Seafield]], British politician (d. [[1853]])
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** [[Carl Bernhard von Trinius]], German botanist (d. [[1844]])
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* [[March 8]]
 +
** [[Friedrich August Kanne]], Austrian composer, music critic (d. [[1833]])
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** [[Jean-Toussaint Arrighi de Casanova]], French soldier, diplomat (d. [[1853]])
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* [[March 10]]
 +
** [[Hugh Hornby Birley]], leading Manchester Tory, reputed to have led the fatal charge of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry, at the Peterloo Massacre (d. [[1845]])
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** [[Anthony Van Egmond]], Canadian rebel (d. [[1838]])
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* [[March 19]] &ndash; [[Edward Pakenham]], Irish-born British general (d. [[1815]])
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* [[March 22]]
 +
** [[Thomas de Trafford]], British Baronet (d. [[1852]])
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** [[Aleksey Merzlyakov]], Russian poet, critic, and professor (d. [[1830]])
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* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Paul Traugott Meissner]], Austrian chemist (d. [[1864]])
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* [[March 24]]
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** [[Robert Fleming Gourlay]], British statistician and activist (d. [[1863]])
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** [[Anton Edler von Gapp]], Austrian lawyer (d. [[1862]])
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* [[March 25]] &ndash; [[Sophie Blanchard]], French aeronaut (d. [[1819]])
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* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[Edward Blakeney]], British Army officer (d. [[1868]])
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* [[March 28]] &ndash; [[Ludvig Stoud Platou]], Norwegian politician (d. [[1833]])
 +
* [[March 30]] &ndash; [[Robert Moore (Pennsylvania politician)|Robert Moore]], American politician (d. [[1831]])
 +
* [[March 31]] &ndash; [[Coenraad Jacob Temminck]], Dutch zoologist (d. [[1858]])
 +
* [[April 1]] &ndash; [[Benjamin Jacob]], British musician (d. [[1829]])
 +
* [[April 3]] &ndash; [[Pierre Bretonneau]], French physician (d. [[1862]])
 +
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Joseph Funk]], American music teacher, publisher, and composer (d. [[1862]])
 +
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[John J. Ely]], Member of the New Jersey General Assembly (d. [[1852]])
 +
* [[April 9]]
 +
** [[John Sparks (cricketer, born 1778)|John Sparks]], English cricketer (d. [[1854]])
 +
** [[Louis de Beaupoil de Saint-Aulaire]], French diplomat (d. [[1854]])
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* [[April 10]]
 +
** [[Heinrich Luden]], German historian (d. [[1847]])
 +
** [[William Hazlitt]], English writer (d. [[1830]])
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** [[Johann Arzberger]], Austrian technologist (d. [[1835]])
 +
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[John Johnson (Latter Day Saints)|John Johnson]], early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement in Ohio (d. [[1843]])
 +
* [[April 12]] &ndash; [[John Strachan]], Bishop of Toronto (d. [[1867]])
 +
* [[April 14]] &ndash; [[George Philipp Ludolf von Beckedorff]], prominent Prussian Catholic convert, parliamentarian (d. [[1858]])
 +
* [[April 15]]
 +
** [[William Congreve Russell]], British politician (d. [[1850]])
 +
** [[James Crooks]], Canadian politician (d. [[1860]])
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* [[April 18]]
 +
** [[Mary Bruce, Countess of Elgin]], Scottish countess (d. [[1855]])
 +
** [[Christian Friedrich Nasse]], German physician, psychiatrist (d. [[1851]])
 +
** [[Sir Matthew White Ridley, 3rd Baronet]], British politician (d. [[1836]])
 +
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Wynne Fremantle]], main author of the extensive ''Wynne Diaries'', wife of Royal Navy officer Thomas Fremantle (1765–1819) (d. [[1857]])
 +
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[John Harvey (British Army officer)|John Harvey]], British Army general (d. [[1852]])
 +
* [[April 24]] &ndash; [[John Graham (British Army officer)|John Graham]], soldier notable for founding Grahamstown (d. [[1821]])
 +
* [[April 27]]
 +
** [[Henry Drury (educator)|Henry Drury]], English educator (d. [[1841]])
 +
** [[Gideon Lee]], American politician (d. [[1841]])
 +
* [[April 28]] &ndash; [[Adriaan van der Hoop]], Dutch banker, politician (d. [[1854]])
 +
* [[April 29]] &ndash; [[Thomas Bateman (physician)|Thomas Bateman]], British physician, pioneer in the field of dermatology (d. [[1821]])
 +
* [[April 30]] &ndash; [[Arvid David Hummel]], Swedish entomologist (d. [[1836]])
 +
 +
=== May–August ===
 +
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Nathan Bangs]], American Methodist theologian (d. [[1862]])
 +
* [[May 3]]
 +
** [[Samuel Freeze]], Canadian politician (d. [[1844]])
 +
** [[David Wilder, Jr.]], American politician (d. [[1866]])
 +
* [[May 6]] &ndash; [[Henry Phillpotts]], English bishop (d. [[1869]])
 +
* [[May 8]]
 +
** [[Johann Baptist Gänsbacher]], Austrian composer (d. [[1844]])
 +
** [[Marie-Louise Coidavid]], Queen of the Kingdom of Haiti (1811–20) as the spouse of Henri I of Haiti (d. [[1851]])
 +
* [[May 9]] &ndash; [[Eli Ayers]], Liberian politician (d. [[1822]])
 +
* [[May 10]] &ndash; [[William Ladd]], American activist (d. [[1841]])
 +
* [[May 12]]
 +
** [[August Zeune]], German educator (d. [[1853]])
 +
** &ndash; [[José de la Mar]], military leader, President of Peru (d. [[1830]])
 +
* [[May 13]] &ndash; [[Honoré V, Prince of Monaco]] (d. [[1841]])
 +
* [[May 17]] &ndash; [[Benjamin Bowring]], English watchmaker (d. [[1846]])
 +
* [[May 18]]
 +
** [[Andrew Ure]], Scottish doctor and chemist (d. [[1857]])
 +
** [[Samuel Hoar]], American politician (d. [[1856]])
 +
** [[Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry]], British politician (d. [[1854]])
 +
* [[May 19]]
 +
** [[Ruggero Settimo]], Italian politician (d. [[1863]])
 +
** [[Ludwik Michał Pac]], Polish general (d. [[1835]])
 +
* [[May 25]] &ndash; [[Claus Harms]], German clergyman, theologian (d. [[1855]])
 +
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Charles Kemeys Kemeys Tynte]], British politician (d. [[1860]])
 +
* [[May 30]] &ndash; [[Richard Skinner (American politician)|Richard Skinner]], American politician (d. [[1833]])
 +
* [[May 31]]
 +
** [[John Peter Pruden]], pioneer of western Canada, fur trader, and writer (d. [[1868]])
 +
** [[John Jackson (painter)|John Jackson]], British artist (d. [[1831]])
 +
** [[Horatio Seymour (Vermont politician)|Horatio Seymour]], American politician (d. [[1857]])
 +
* [[June 2]] &ndash; [[Jean Julien Angot des Rotours]], French colonial governor (d. [[1844]])
 +
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Martin Parmer]], American politician (d. [[1850]])
 +
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[Edmund Varney]], American politician (d. [[1847]])
 +
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[David Willson (1778–1866)|David Willson]], Canadian Quaker minister (d. [[1866]])
 +
* [[June 11]] &ndash; [[John Robison (inventor)|John Robison]], British inventor (d. [[1843]])
 +
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (d. [[1819]])
 +
* [[June 14]] &ndash; [[John Cushing Aylwin]], United States naval officer (War of 1812) (d. [[1813]])
 +
* [[June 15]] &ndash; [[Henri Jean-Baptiste Victoire Fradelle]], Franco-English painter (d. [[1865]])
 +
* [[June 16]]
 +
** [[Charles F. Mercer]], American politician (d. [[1858]])
 +
** [[Harry Croswell]], crusading American political journalist (d. [[1858]])
 +
* [[June 17]]
 +
** [[Philip Willem van Heusde]], Dutch philosopher (d. [[1839]])
 +
** [[Gregory Blaxland]], English pioneer farmer, explorer in Australia (d. [[1852]])
 +
* [[June 19]] &ndash; [[Robert Allen (Tennessee politician)|Robert Allen]], Tennessee politician (d. [[1844]])
 +
* [[June 20]] &ndash; [[Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac]], moderate royalist French statesman, during the Bourbon Restoration (1814–30) under King Charles X (d. [[1832]])
 +
* [[June 22]] &ndash; [[George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland]], British politician (d. [[1867]])
 +
* [[June 23]] &ndash; [[Richard Worsam Meade I|Richard W. Meade]], American merchant and art collector (d. [[1828]])
 +
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Mariya Svistunova]], lady-in-waiting at the Russian Court (d. [[1866]])
 +
* [[June 27]] &ndash; [[Sir John Astley, 1st Baronet]], British politician (d. [[1842]])
 +
* [[June 28]]
 +
** [[John Macbride (professor)|John Macbride]], British historian (d. [[1868]])
 +
** [[William Dietz (politician)|William Dietz]], American politician (d. [[1848]])
 +
** [[Mariano Velazquez de la Cadena]], Mexican writer (d. [[1860]])
 +
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Daniel Wilson (bishop)|Daniel Wilson]], Bishop of Calcutta (d. [[1858]])
 +
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[Carl Ludvig Engel]], German architect (d. [[1840]])
 +
* [[July 6]] &ndash; [[Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent]], French scientist (d. [[1846]])
 +
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[Beau Brummell]], English man of fashion (d. [[1840]])
 +
* [[July 10]]
 +
** [[William Brockenbrough (judge)|William Brockenbrough]], American politician (d. [[1838]])
 +
** [[Laurent Cunin-Gridaine]], French businessman, politician (d. [[1859]])
 +
** [[Sigismund von Neukomm]], Austrian composer, pianist (d. [[1858]])
 +
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Timothy Fuller]], American politician (d. [[1835]])
 +
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[Maria Dalle Donne]], [[Bologna|Bolognese]] [[physician]] (d. [[1842]])
 +
* [[July 13]] &ndash; [[Samuel Stevens, Jr.]], American politician (d. [[1860]])
 +
* [[July 15]]
 +
** [[Thomas James Maling]], British Royal Navy officer (d. [[1849]])
 +
** [[Henry Joseph Monck Mason]], Irish writer (d. [[1858]])
 +
** [[Jasper Nicolls]], British general (d. [[1849]])
 +
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[Benjamin Isaacs]], Connecticut politician (d. [[1846]])
 +
* [[July 19]]
 +
** [[Thomas Foley (1778–1822)|Thomas Foley]], British politician (d. [[1822]])
 +
** [[Samuel Bent]], American Mormon leader (d. [[1846]])
 +
* [[July 20]] &ndash; [[Joshua Tetley]], British brewer (d. [[1859]])
 +
* [[July 28]] &ndash; [[Charles Stewart (1778–1869)|Charles Stewart]], American naval commander (d. [[1869]])
 +
* [[July 30]]
 +
** [[David Pattee]], Canadian politician (d. [[1851]])
 +
** [[Henry, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen]] (d. [[1847]])
 +
* [[August 1]]
 +
** [[John Collins Warren]], American magazine founder (d. [[1856]])
 +
** [[Mary Jefferson Eppes]], Thomas Jefferson's younger child (d. [[1804]])
 +
* [[August 2]]
 +
** [[Jabez Delano Hammond]], American politician (d. [[1855]])
 +
** [[Robert Richford Roberts]], American bishop (d. [[1843]])
 +
** [[Georg Anton Rollett]], Austrian naturalist (d. [[1842]])
 +
* [[August 3]] &ndash; [[Jessup Nash Couch]], American politician (d. [[1821]])
 +
* [[August 4]]
 +
** [[Christian Duttenhofer]], German engraver (d. [[1846]])
 +
** [[John Hunter (Westchester County, NY)|John Hunter]], American politician (d. [[1852]])
 +
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Otto Christian Blandow]], German bryologist (d. [[1810]])
 +
* [[August 8]] &ndash; [[John Bonfoy Rooper]], British landowner, MP (d. [[1855]])
 +
* [[August 11]]
 +
** [[Marcus Pløen]], Norwegian businessperson (d. [[1836]])
 +
** [[Charles Pierrepont, 2nd Earl Manvers]], British naval officer and politician (d. [[1860]])
 +
** [[Friedrich Ludwig Jahn]], German-Prussian gymnastics educator, nationalist (d. [[1852]])
 +
** [[John Christian Schetky]], British artist (d. [[1874]])
 +
* [[August 12]]
 +
** [[Francis Horner]], British politician (d. [[1817]])
 +
** [[Joshua Vanneck, 2nd Baron Huntingfield]], British politician (d. [[1844]])
 +
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[John Tanner (Mormon)|John Tanner]], early Mormon leader (d. [[1850]])
 +
* [[August 17]]
 +
** [[Johannes Hermanus Koekkoek]], Dutch painter (d. [[1851]])
 +
** [[John Varley (painter)|John Varley]], British artist (d. [[1842]])
 +
* [[August 18]] &ndash; [[Silas Condit]], American politician (d. [[1861]])
 +
* [[August 19]]
 +
** [[Princess Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]], German princess (d. [[1835]])
 +
** [[James Harris, 2nd Earl of Malmesbury]], British politician (d. [[1841]])
 +
* [[August 20]] &ndash; [[Bernardo O'Higgins]], Supreme Director of Chile (d. [[1842]])
 +
* [[August 21]] &ndash; [[Lewis Weston Dillwyn]], British politician (d. [[1855]])
 +
* [[August 22]] &ndash; [[James Kirke Paulding]], American writer (d. [[1860]])
 +
* [[August 23]] &ndash; [[William Burt (writer)|William Burt]], English writer, solicitor (d. [[1826]])
 +
* [[August 25]] &ndash; [[Joseph Batten]], British college principal (d. [[1837]])
 +
* [[August 26]] &ndash; [[John Adams (New York)|John Adams]], United States House of Representatives member (d. [[1854]])
 +
* [[August 27]] &ndash; [[Mary Whitmer]], Book of Mormon witness (d. [[1856]])
 +
* [[August 31]]
 +
** [[Friedrich August von Klinkowström]], German artist (d. [[1835]])
 +
** [[William Wilkins (architect)|William Wilkins]], English architect (d. [[1839]])
 +
 +
=== September–December ===
 +
* [[September 1]] &ndash; [[John Thomson of Duddingston]], British artist (d. [[1840]])
 +
* [[September 2]]
 +
** [[Louis Bonaparte]], sibling of Napoleon Bonaparte I, French army general, King of Holland (d. [[1846]])
 +
** [[Michał Józef Römer]], Polish writer, politician (d. [[1853]])
 +
* [[September 7]] &ndash; [[José Bernardo Sánchez]], Spanish missionary (d. [[1833]])
 +
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[George Heneage Lawrence Dundas]], British Royal Navy admiral (d. [[1834]])
 +
* [[September 9]] &ndash; [[Clemens Brentano]], German poet, novelist (d. [[1842]])
 +
* [[September 10]] &ndash; [[Joshua Lawrence]], American Baptist minister (d. [[1843]])
 +
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[William Davidson (congressman)|William Davidson]], American politician (d. [[1857]])
 +
* [[September 14]]
 +
** [[John Varnum]], American politician (d. [[1836]])
 +
** [[John Barss]], Canadian politician (d. [[1851]])
 +
* [[September 15]] &ndash; [[Augustin Caron]], Canadian politician (d. [[1862]])
 +
* [[September 19]]
 +
** [[Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux]], British politician (d. [[1868]])
 +
** [[William Gaston]], American politician (d. [[1844]])
 +
* [[September 20]]
 +
** [[James Mann, 5th Earl Cornwallis]] of Great Britain (d. [[1852]])
 +
** [[Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen]], Russian admiral (d. [[1852]])
 +
* [[September 21]] &ndash; [[Carl Ludwig Koch]], German entomologist (d. [[1857]])
 +
* [[September 24]] &ndash; [[Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł]], Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. [[1850]])
 +
* [[September 25]]
 +
** [[Sir Charles Oakeley, 2nd Baronet]], 2nd Baronet in the Oakeley Baronets (d. [[1829]])
 +
** [[Prince Louis of Anhalt-Köthen]], Duke of Anhalt-Köthen (d. [[1802]])
 +
* [[September 26]] &ndash; [[Jonathan Fisk]], American politician (d. [[1832]])
 +
* [[September 27]]
 +
** [[Carl Friedrich Rungenhagen]], German composer, music teacher (d. [[1851]])
 +
** [[Damião Barbosa de Araújo]], Brazilian composer (d. [[1856]])
 +
* [[September 28]]
 +
** [[Luther Lawrence]], American politician (d. [[1839]])
 +
** [[Suzanne Douvillier]], French-born American ballerina, mime & choreographer (d. [[1826]])
 +
** [[Catherine McAuley]], Irish nun, saint (d. [[1841]])
 +
* [[September 29]]
 +
** [[Benjamin Hall (ironmaster)|Benjamin Hall]], British politician (d. [[1817]])
 +
** [[Thomas Warsop]], English cricketer (d. [[1845]])
 +
* [[October 5]]
 +
** [[Ernst Ludwig von Aster]], Prussian and Russian Army general (d. [[1855]])
 +
** [[John James Masquerier]], British artist (d. [[1855]])
 +
** [[Jacques Joseph Champollion-Figeac]], French archaeologist (d. [[1867]])
 +
* [[October 7]]
 +
** [[Charles Paget (Royal Navy officer)|Charles Paget]], British Royal Navy admiral (d. [[1839]])
 +
** [[Joseph Knight (horticulturist)|Joseph Knight]], English horticulturist (d. [[1855]])
 +
** [[Thomas Cranley Onslow]], British politician (d. [[1861]])
 +
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Hyacinthe-Louis de Quélen]], French Catholic bishop (d. [[1839]])
 +
* [[October 9]]
 +
** [[Pierre-Denis, Comte de Peyronnet]], President of the Bordeaux Court in France (1815) (d. [[1854]])
 +
** [[John FitzMaurice, Viscount Kirkwall]], British politician (d. [[1820]])
 +
** [[Sir Lionel Smith, 1st Baronet]], British Army general (d. [[1842]])
 +
* [[October 13]] &ndash; [[William Marks (Pennsylvania politician)|William Marks]], American politician (d. [[1858]])
 +
* [[October 14]] &ndash; [[Francis Fane (Royal Navy officer)|Francis Fane]], British Royal Navy admiral (d. [[1844]])
 +
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[Valentine Blacker]], Irish-born Surveyor General of India (d. [[1826]])
 +
* [[October 22]] &ndash; [[Javier de Burgos]], Spanish writer, politician and jurist (d. [[1849]])
 +
* [[October 23]] &ndash; [[Kittur Chennamma]], Indian queen regnant (d. [[1829]])
 +
* [[October 26]] &ndash; [[Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg]], British politician (d. [[1866]])
 +
* [[October 28]] &ndash; [[Ezekiel Blomfield]], British minister (d. [[1818]])
 +
* [[October 29]] &ndash; [[William Creighton, Jr.]], United States federal judge (d. [[1851]])
 +
* [[October 30]] &ndash; [[Benjamin Ames]], American politician (d. [[1835]])
 +
* [[October 31]]
 +
** [[Jacob Shibley]], Canadian politician (d. [[1862]])
 +
** [[Charles Abraham Elton]], English author (d. [[1853]])
 +
** [[John Black (privateer)|John Black]], Australian sailor (d. [[1802]])
 +
* [[November 1]]
 +
** [[James R. Caldwell]], United States Navy officer (d. [[1804]])
 +
** [[Mary Brunton]], British writer (d. [[1818]])
 +
** [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden]], King of Sweden (d. [[1837]])
 +
* [[November 3]] &ndash; [[Karlo Lanza]], Dalmatian politician (d. [[1834]])
 +
* [[November 5]]
 +
** [[Giovanni Battista Belzoni]], Italian explorer (d. [[1823]])
 +
** [[Thomas Ritchie (journalist)|Thomas Ritchie]], American journalist (d. [[1854]])
 +
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Joseph Signay]], Canadian Catholic bishop (d. [[1850]])
 +
* [[November 11]] &ndash; [[Nils Astrup]], Norwegian politician (d. [[1835]])
 +
* [[November 14]]
 +
** [[Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner]], German theologian (d. [[1828]])
 +
** [[Johann Nepomuk Hummel]], Austrian composer, virtuoso pianist (d. [[1837]])
 +
* [[November 15]]
 +
** [[George Canning, 1st Baron Garvagh]], British politician (d. [[1840]])
 +
** [[Giovanni Battista Belzoni]], Italian antiquarian (d. [[1823]])
 +
* [[November 16]] &ndash; [[Johann Joseph von Prechtl]], Austrian technologist (d. [[1854]])
 +
* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Lord William Stuart]], British politician (d. [[1814]])
 +
* [[November 19]] &ndash; [[Charles de Salaberry]], Canadian politician (d. [[1829]])
 +
* [[November 21]]
 +
** [[Richard Phillips (chemist)|Richard Phillips]], British chemist (d. [[1851]])
 +
** [[Thomas B. Cooke]], American politician (d. [[1853]])
 +
** [[Joseph Warren Scott]], American army officer (d. [[1871]])
 +
** [[Kunitomo Ikkansai]], Japanese gunsmith (d. [[1840]])
 +
* [[November 22]] &ndash; [[Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull]], Swedish lady-in-waiting, politically active salonist (d. [[1852]])
 +
* [[November 23]]
 +
** [[Mariano Moreno]], Argentine politician (d. [[1811]])
 +
** [[Samuel Humphreys]], noted American naval architect and shipbuilder in the early 19th century (d. [[1846]])
 +
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Salusbury Pryce Humphreys]], British Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and the War of 1812 (d. [[1845]])
 +
* [[November 25]]
 +
** [[Joseph Lancaster]], English Quaker, public education innovator (d. [[1838]])
 +
** [[Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck]], British abolitionist (d. [[1856]])
 +
* [[November 26]]
 +
** [[Jean-Thomas Taschereau (1778–1832)|Jean-Thomas Taschereau]], Canadian politician (d. [[1832]])
 +
** [[Henry Fane (British Army officer)|Henry Fane]], British Army general (d. [[1840]])
 +
* [[November 28]]
 +
** [[Christoph Ernst von Houwald]], German writer (d. [[1845]])
 +
** [[Filippo di Colloredo-Mels]], leader of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (d. [[1864]])
 +
** [[Abd al-Rahman of Morocco]], Alaouite dynasty member (d. [[1859]])
 +
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Hryhory Kvitka]], Ukrainian writer, journalist, and playwright (d. [[1843]])
 +
* [[November 30]] &ndash; [[Andrés Guazurary]], Argentine general (d. [[1825]])
 +
* [[December 6]] &ndash; [[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac]], French chemist (d. [[1850]])
 +
* [[December 7]] &ndash; [[Franz Naegele]], German obstetrician (d. [[1851]])
 +
* [[December 8]] &ndash; [[George Crabb (writer)|George Crabb]], British writer (d. [[1851]])
 +
* [[December 9]] &ndash; [[Vicente González Moreno]], Spanish general (d. [[1839]])
 +
* [[December 10]] &ndash; [[Antonio Francesco Orioli]], Italian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1852]])
 +
* [[December 13]]
 +
** [[George Townshend, 3rd Marquess Townshend]] of Great Britain (d. [[1855]])
 +
** [[Thomas Kendall]], New Zealand missionary (d. [[1832]])
 +
* [[December 15]]
 +
** [[Godert van der Capellen]], Dutch colonial governor (d. [[1848]])
 +
** [[Christiane Luise Amalie Becker]], German actor (d. [[1797]])
 +
** [[John Penrose (clergyman)|John Penrose]], Church of England clergyman, theological writer (d. [[1859]])
 +
* [[December 16]]
 +
** [[John Ordronaux (privateer)|John Ordronaux]], French privateer (d. [[1841]])
 +
** [[Ludwig Robert]], German dramatist (d. [[1832]])
 +
** [[José Colombres]], Argentine Catholic bishop (d. [[1859]])
 +
* [[December 17]]
 +
** [[Humphry Davy]], English physicist, chemist (d. [[1829]])
 +
** [[William Munroe (pencil maker)|William Munroe]], American cabinet maker (d. [[1861]])
 +
** [[Juan Martín de Veramendi]], Governor of Mexican Texas (d. [[1833]])
 +
* [[December 18]] &ndash; [[Joseph Grimaldi]], English actor, comedian (d. [[1837]])
 +
* [[December 19]] &ndash; [[Marie Thérèse of France]], eldest child of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette (d. [[1851]])
 +
* [[December 20]] &ndash; [[Thomas P. Grosvenor]], American politician (d. [[1817]])
 +
* [[December 21]] &ndash; [[Anders Sandøe Ørsted]], Danish politician (d. [[1860]])
 +
* [[December 22]] &ndash; [[James Haldane Stewart]], British priest (d. [[1854]])
 +
* [[December 23]] &ndash; [[François de Robiano]], Belgian politician (d. [[1836]])
 +
* [[December 24]]
 +
** [[Inoue Masamoto]], Japanese daimyō (d. [[1858]])
 +
** [[James Guyon, Jr.]], American politician (d. [[1846]])
 +
** [[Thomas Coventry (cricketer)|Thomas Coventry]], English cricketer (d. [[1816]])
 +
* [[December 25]] &ndash; [[Caleb Atwater]], American politician (d. [[1867]])
 +
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[Antoine François Eugène Merlin]], French general (d. [[1854]])
 +
* [[December 28]]
 +
** [[Franz Xaver Heller]], German botanist (d. [[1840]])
 +
** [[William Cowper (Archdeacon of Cumberland)|William Cowper]], English-born Anglican cleric in Australia, who was the Archdeacon of Cumberland (d. [[1858]])
 +
** [[Charles Hanbury-Tracy, 1st Baron Sudeley]], British politician (d. [[1858]])
 +
** [[Matthew Arbuckle]], United States soldier (d. [[1851]])
 +
* [[December 29]]
 +
** [[Georg Anton Friedrich Ast]], German philosopher (d. [[1841]])
 +
** [[Johann Simon Hermstedt]], German musician (d. [[1846]])
 +
 +
===Undated===
 +
* Sardar Fath 'Ali Khan, Wazir-i-azam of Kabul (d. [[1818]])
 +
* [[Anna Maria Walker]], Scottish botanist (d. [[1852]])
 +
* [[Sara Oust]], Norwegian lay minister (d. [[1822]])
 +
* [[Marie-Madeleine Lachenais]], Haitian de facto politician (d. [[1843]])
 +
 +
== Deaths ==
 +
* [[January 3]] &ndash; [[Paul Jacques Malouin]], French chemist (b. [[1701]])
 +
* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[Carl Linnaeus]], Swedish botanist (b. [[1707]])
 +
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Joseph Marie Terray]], French statesman (b. [[1715]])
 +
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[Laura Bassi]], Italian physicist and academic (b. [[1711]])
 +
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Alexander Murray of Elibank]], fourth son of Alexander Murray (b. [[1712]])
 +
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Thomas Arne]], English composer of ''Rule, Britannia!'' (b. [[1710]])
 +
* [[March 7]] &ndash; [[Charles De Geer]], Swedish industrialist and entomologist (b. [[1720]])
 +
* [[March 13]] &ndash; [[Charles le Beau]], French historian (b. [[1701]])
 +
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Pieter Teyler van der Hulst]], Dutch businessman (b. [[1702]])
 +
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[James Hargreaves]], English weaver, carpenter, and inventor (b. [[1720]])
 +
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Lorenz Christoph Mizler]], German music historian, polymath (b. [[1711]])
 +
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1708]])
 +
* [[May 12]] &ndash; [[Paul-Joseph Le Moyne de Longueuil]], seigneur and colonial army officer in New France, governor of Trois-Rivières  (b. [[1701]])
 +
* [[May 16]] &ndash; [[Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness]], English diplomat and politician (b. [[1718]])
 +
[[File:Nicolas de Largillière, François-Marie Arouet dit Voltaire (vers 1724-1725) -001.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Voltaire]]]]
 +
* [[May 30]]
 +
**[[José de la Borda]], Spanish/Mexican mining magnate (b. c. 1699)
 +
**[[Voltaire]], French philosopher (b. [[1694]])
 +
* [[June 12]] &ndash; [[Philip Livingston]], American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. [[1716]])
 +
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[Konrad Ekhof]], German actor (b. [[1720]])
 +
* [[June 19]] &ndash; [[Francesca Cuzzoni]], Italian operatic soprano (b. [[1696]])
 +
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Pieter Burman the Younger]], Dutch philologist (b. [[1714]])
 +
[[File:Jean-Jacques Rousseau (painted portrait).jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]]]]
 +
* [[July 2]]
 +
** [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]], Swiss philosopher (b. [[1712]])
 +
** [[Bathsheba Spooner]], American murderer (b. c. [[1746]])
 +
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[Anna Maria Mozart]], Austrian mother to the [[Mozart]]s (b. [[1720]])
 +
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[Ebenezer Kinnersley]], American scientist (b. [[1711]])
 +
* [[July 5]] &ndash; [[James Townley]], English dramatist (b. [[1714]])
 +
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Charles Clémencet]], French historian (b. [[1703]])
 +
* [[August 7]] &ndash; [[Sir Thomas Cave, 5th Baronet]] of England (b. [[1712]])
 +
* [[August 12]] &ndash; [[Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven]], British general, politician (b. [[1714]])
 +
* [[October 1]] &ndash; [[Washington Shirley, 5th Earl Ferrers]], British Royal Navy admiral (b. [[1722]])
 +
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[George Hay (politician)|George Hay]], British politician (b. [[1715]])
 +
* [[October 11]] &ndash; [[Saliha Sultan (daughter of Ahmed III)|Saliha Sultan]], daughter of Ottoman Sultan (b. [[1715]])
 +
* [[October 24]] &ndash; [[Henry Ernest of Stolberg-Wernigerode]], German politician, provost and author (b. [[1716]])
 +
* [[November 9]]
 +
** [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi]], Italian artist (b. [[1720]])
 +
** [[Lydia Taft]], American suffragist (b. [[1712]])
 +
* [[November 11]] &ndash; [[Anne Steele]], English hymnwriter and essayist (b. [[1717]])
 +
* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[Francesco Cetti]], Italian Jesuit scientist (b. [[1726]])
 +
* [[December 26]] &ndash; [[Pedro Antonio de Cevallos]], Spanish military Governor of Buenos Aires (1757&ndash;1766) (b. [[1715]])
 +
* [[December 30]] &ndash; [[Constantine, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg]] (b. [[1716]])
 +
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Thomas Johnson (designer)|Thomas Johnson]], English furniture maker (b. [[1714]])
 +
 +
 
{{SMWDocs}}
 
{{SMWDocs}}
−
{{Stub}}
+
 
 +
==References==
 +
{{reflist}}

Latest revision as of 07:38, 26 February 2021

1768 < 1769 < 1770 < 1771 < 1772 < 1773 < 1774 <1775 < 1776 < 1777 < 1778 > 1779 > 1780 > 1781 > 1782 > 1783 > 1784 > 1785 > 1786 > 1787 > 1788
Decade.png ( 1770s: )    Year.png 1778 Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Year 1778
June 28: Battle of Monmouth

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Undated


Births

January–April

May–August

September–December

Undated

Deaths

Voltaire
Jean-Jacques Rousseau


 

Event

EventStartEnd
American War of Independence19 April 17753 September 1783

 

A New Group

GroupImageDescription
Phillips AcademyPhillips Academy seal.pngLong established Preparatory school for the US ruling class

 

A Death

TitleBornDiedPlace of deathSummary
William Pitt the Elder15 November 170811 May 1778Hayes
Kent
England		Politician
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References

  1. ↑ Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909, ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p166
  2. ↑ "Pitt, William (The Elder; Ear of Chatham)", by Philip Woodfine, in British Political Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary, ed. by Keith Laybourn (ABC-CLIO, 2001) p264
  3. ↑ Barry Alan Shain, The Declaration of Independence in Historical Context (Yale University Press, 2014) p657
  4. ↑ Raymond C. Houghton, A Revolutionary War Road Trip on US Route 9 (Cyber Haus, 2003) pp37-38
  5. ↑ http://www.ushistory.org/ValleyForge/served/arnold.html
  6. ↑ Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909, ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p166
  7. ↑ Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909, ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p166
  8. ↑ Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909, ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p166
  9. ↑ http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4397/
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