1815

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( 1810s: )     1815
The monarchies Austria, Prussia, and Russia form the Holy Alliance to repress liberalism and secularism in Europe. Its influence lasts for the rest of the century.
year 1815

Events

• January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia.
• February 3 – The first commercial cheese factory is founded in Switzerland.
• February 4 – The first Dutch student association, the Groninger Studentencorps Vindicat atque Polit, is founded in the Netherlands. The first rector of the senate is B. J. Winter.
• February 6 – New Jersey grants the first American railroad charter to John Stevens.
• February 17 – The Spanish reconquest of Latin America begins.
• February 26 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon Bonaparte escapes from Elba.
• March 16 – William I becomes King of the Netherlands.
• March 20 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon enters Paris, after escaping from Elba with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force of around 200,000, beginning his Hundred Days rule.
• April 24 – The Second Serbian uprising against Ottoman rule takes place in Takovo, Ottoman Serbia. By the end of the year Serbia is acknowledged as a semi-independent state; the ideals of the First Serbian uprising have thus been temporarily achieved.
• May 3 – Battle of Tolentino: Austria defeats the Kingdom of Naples, which quickly ends the Neapolitan War. Joachim Murat, the defeated King of Naples installed by Napoleon, is forced to flee to Corsica, and is later executed.
• June 9 – The Final Act of the Congress of Vienna is signed: A new European political situation is set. The German Confederation and Congress Poland are created, and the neutrality of Switzerland is guaranteed. Also, Luxembourg declares independence from the French Empire.
• June 15 – The Duchess of Richmond's ball is held in Brussels, "the most famous ball in history".
• August 2 – Napoleonic Wars: Representatives of the United Kingdom, Austria, Russia and Prussia sign a convention at Paris, declaring that Napoleon Bonaparte is "their prisoner" and that "His safe keeping is entrusted to the British Government."
• September 26 – Austria, Prussia and Russia sign a Holy Alliance, to uphold the European status quo.
• October 15 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon begins his exile on Saint Helena in the Atlantic Ocean.
• November 20 – The Napoleonic Wars come to an end after 12 years, with the British government restoring the status quo of France, prior to when the French Revolution began in 1789.
• November 27 – The Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland is signed, creating Congress Poland, a constitutional monarchy in personal union with the Russian Empire, under terms agreed at the Congress of Vienna.
• December 7 – Marshal Ney is executed in Paris, near the Jardin du Luxembourg.

 

Event

Event	Date	Description
Pax Brittanica

 

A New Group

Group	Image	Type	Description
IGO		Public Financier Commercial Military	Highly influential and powerful organizations that legally go beyond borders. IGOs have become very close to forming an actual "new world order" in the 2000s.

 

Births

Title	Born	Place of birth	Died	Summary	Description
Otto von Bismarck	1 April 1815	Prussia Schönhausen Kreis Jerichow II Province of Saxony	30 July 1898	Deep politician
Granville Leveson-Gower	11 May 1815	London	31 March 1891		British Secretary of State who improved relations with the United States