1816

1806 < 1807 < 1808 < 1809 < 1810 < 1811 < 1812 <1813 < 1814 < 1815 < 1816 > 1817 > 1818 > 1819 > 1820 > 1821 > 1822 > 1823 > 1824 > 1825 > 1826

1816 was known as the Year Without a Summer, because of low temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere, possibly the result of the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1815, causing severe global cooling, catastrophic in some locations.

Events

December 25, 1815–January 6 – Tsar Alexander I of Russia signs an order, expelling the Jesuits from St. Petersburg and Moscow.^[1]
March 21 – The Institut de France is reorganized by King Louis XVIII of France into four academies: a revived Académie française; the Royal Academy of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres; the Royal Academy of Sciences; and the Royal Academy of Beaux Arts.
March 29 – April 10 – The Second Bank of the United States obtains its charter.
April 28 – The French Caisse des dépôts et consignations, a public investment body, is created by Louis XVIII.^[2]
June 14 -Founding of Norges Bank
June 16 – The Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace is founded in London.
July 9 – The United Provinces of South America (today Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia and southern Brazil) declares independence from Spain.
August 27 – Bombardment of Algiers: Various European allied ships force Omar Agha, Dey of Algiers to free Christian slaves.
September 6 – King Louis XVIII dissolves the Chambre introuvable, the legislature that had been elected, after the Second Bourbon Restoration re-established the old monarchy.^[3]
October 25 – November 6 – 1816 United States presidential election: James Monroe defeats Rufus King.
December 12 – The thrones of Sicily and Naples are merged into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, under King Ferdinand I.
December 9–21 – The American Colonization Society is established, to support the emigration of free African Americans to Africa.

Date unknown

Shaka starts to rule the Zulu Kingdom at about this date.
Banjul, capital of the Gambia, is founded as a trading post named Bathurst.
A rail capable of supporting a heavy locomotive is developed.

Event

Event	Start	End
Pax Brittanica	1815	1915

New Groups

Group	Type	Description
University of Warsaw	Public	The largest university in Poland
University of Maryland/Law School		the oldest law school in the United States
Axa		French multinational insurance firm with Bilderberg contacts
Harvard Divinity School	Theological studies	Liberal theological seminary. Its academic programs attempt to balance theology and religious studies—that is, the "believer's" perspective on religion with the "secular" perspective on religion.
Oesterreichische Nationalbank		Austrian central bank
Norges Bank