Difference between revisions of "International Court of Justice"
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
− | Established in 1945 by the [[UN/Charter]], the [[Court]] began work in 1946 as the successor to the | + | Established in 1945 by the [[UN/Charter]], the [[Court]] began work in 1946 as the successor to the '''Permanent Court of International Justice'''. |
+ | |||
+ | ==Current members== | ||
+ | The [[ICJ]] comprises a bench of fifteen Judges, each elected for a nine-year term: | ||
+ | |||
+ | *President [[Joan Donoghue|Joan E. DONOGHUE]] | ||
+ | :[[United States of America]] | ||
+ | :Member of the Court since 9 September 2010; re-elected as from 6 February 2015; President as from 8 February 2021 | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Vice-President Kirill GEVORGIAN | ||
+ | :[[Russian Federation]] | ||
+ | :Member of the Court since 6 February 2015; Vice-President as from 8 February 2021 | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Judge Peter TOMKA | ||
+ | :[[Slovakia]] | ||
+ | :Member of the Court since 6 February 2003; re-elected as from 6 February 2012 and as from 6 February 2021; Vice-President of the Court from 6 February 2009 to 5 February 2012; President of the Court from 6 February 2012 to 5 February 2015 | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Judge Ronny ABRAHAM | ||
+ | :[[France]] | ||
+ | :Member of the Court since 15 February 2005; re-elected as from 6 February 2009 and as from 6 February 2018; President of the Court from 6 February 2015 to 5 February 2018 | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Judge Mohamed BENNOUNA | ||
+ | :[[Morocco]] | ||
+ | :Member of the Court since 6 February 2006; re-elected as from 6 February 2015 | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Judge Abdulqawi Ahmed YUSUF | ||
+ | :[[Somalia]] | ||
+ | :Member of the Court since 6 February 2009; re-elected as from 6 February 2018; Vice-President of the Court from 6 February 2015 to 5 February 2018; President of the Court from 6 February 2018 to 8 February 2021 | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Judge XUE Hanqin | ||
+ | :[[China]] | ||
+ | :Member of the Court since 29 June 2010; re-elected as from 6 February 2012 and as from 6 February 2021; Vice-President of the Court from 6 February 2018 to 8 February 2021 | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Judge Julia SEBUTINDE | ||
+ | :[[Uganda]] | ||
+ | :Member of the Court since 6 February 2012; re-elected as from 6 February 2021 | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Judge Dalveer BHANDARI | ||
+ | :[[India]] | ||
+ | :Member of the Court since 27 April 2012, re-elected as from 6 February 2018 | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Judge Patrick Lipton ROBINSON | ||
+ | :[[Jamaica]] | ||
+ | :Member of the Court since 6 February 2015 | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Judge Nawaf SALAM | ||
+ | :[[Lebanon]] | ||
+ | :Member of the Court since 6 February 2018 | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Judge IWASAWA Yuji | ||
+ | :[[Japan]] | ||
+ | :Member of the Court since 22 June 2018; re-elected as from 6 February 2021 | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Judge Georg NOLTE | ||
+ | :[[Germany]] | ||
+ | :Member of the Court since 6 February 2021 | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Judge Hilary CHARLESWORTH | ||
+ | :[[Australia]] | ||
+ | :Member of the Court since 5 November 2021 | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Judge Leonardo Nemer Caldeira BRANT | ||
+ | :[[Brazil]] | ||
+ | :Member of the Court since 4 November 2022<ref>''[https://www.icj-cij.org/current-members "Current members of the ICJ"]''</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Judges ''ad hoc''== | ||
+ | Judges ''ad hoc'' are appointed by litigant countries when their cases come before the Court. For example:{{QB| | ||
+ | *Allegations of Genocide under the [[Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide]] ([[Ukraine]] v. [[Russian Federation]]: 32 States intervening) | ||
+ | :[[Ukraine]]: Mr Yves Daudet | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Proceedings instituted by [[South Africa]] against the [[State of Israel]] on 29 December 2023<ref>''[[Document:South Africa institutes Genocide Convention proceedings against Israel]]''</ref> | ||
+ | :[[South Africa]]: [[Dikgang Moseneke|Mr Dikgang Ernest Moseneke]]<ref>''[[Document:Dikgang Moseneke to join bench of judges in Israel-Hamas world court case]]''</ref> | ||
+ | :[[Israel]]: Mr [[Aharon Barak]]<ref>''[[Document:Ex-Israeli Supreme Court chief Aharon Barak appointed as ICJ judge for genocide case]]''</ref>}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | The [[ICJ]] president ([[Joan Donoghue]]) decides which permanent Judge has to stand down temporarily to make way for the Judge ''ad hoc''.<ref>''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oVRfKlTPT1E "Can the US and Israel stitch up genocide hearing?"]''</ref> | ||
==Problems== | ==Problems== |
Revision as of 11:56, 10 January 2024
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Formation | 1945 |
Parent organization | UN |
Headquarters | The Hague, Netherlands |
Leader | International Court of Justice/President |
Type | • legal • international |
The international court charged with preventing war crimes which is constitutionally unable to carry out its mission as regards the permanent members of the UN security council (and their allies) which are also (more or less) the world's most active weapons producers and wagers of illegal war. |
The International Court of Justice (ICJ), also called the World Court, is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), which settles disputes between states in accordance with international law and gives advisory opinions on international legal issues. The ICJ is the only international court that adjudicates general disputes between countries, with its rulings and opinions serving as primary sources of international law (subject to Article 59 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice).
Contents
Background
Established in 1945 by the UN/Charter, the Court began work in 1946 as the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice.
Current members
The ICJ comprises a bench of fifteen Judges, each elected for a nine-year term:
- President Joan E. DONOGHUE
- United States of America
- Member of the Court since 9 September 2010; re-elected as from 6 February 2015; President as from 8 February 2021
- Vice-President Kirill GEVORGIAN
- Russian Federation
- Member of the Court since 6 February 2015; Vice-President as from 8 February 2021
- Judge Peter TOMKA
- Slovakia
- Member of the Court since 6 February 2003; re-elected as from 6 February 2012 and as from 6 February 2021; Vice-President of the Court from 6 February 2009 to 5 February 2012; President of the Court from 6 February 2012 to 5 February 2015
- Judge Ronny ABRAHAM
- France
- Member of the Court since 15 February 2005; re-elected as from 6 February 2009 and as from 6 February 2018; President of the Court from 6 February 2015 to 5 February 2018
- Judge Mohamed BENNOUNA
- Morocco
- Member of the Court since 6 February 2006; re-elected as from 6 February 2015
- Judge Abdulqawi Ahmed YUSUF
- Somalia
- Member of the Court since 6 February 2009; re-elected as from 6 February 2018; Vice-President of the Court from 6 February 2015 to 5 February 2018; President of the Court from 6 February 2018 to 8 February 2021
- Judge XUE Hanqin
- China
- Member of the Court since 29 June 2010; re-elected as from 6 February 2012 and as from 6 February 2021; Vice-President of the Court from 6 February 2018 to 8 February 2021
- Judge Julia SEBUTINDE
- Uganda
- Member of the Court since 6 February 2012; re-elected as from 6 February 2021
- Judge Dalveer BHANDARI
- India
- Member of the Court since 27 April 2012, re-elected as from 6 February 2018
- Judge Patrick Lipton ROBINSON
- Jamaica
- Member of the Court since 6 February 2015
- Judge Nawaf SALAM
- Lebanon
- Member of the Court since 6 February 2018
- Judge IWASAWA Yuji
- Japan
- Member of the Court since 22 June 2018; re-elected as from 6 February 2021
- Judge Georg NOLTE
- Germany
- Member of the Court since 6 February 2021
- Judge Hilary CHARLESWORTH
- Australia
- Member of the Court since 5 November 2021
- Judge Leonardo Nemer Caldeira BRANT
Judges ad hoc
Judges ad hoc are appointed by litigant countries when their cases come before the Court. For example:
- Allegations of Genocide under the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Ukraine v. Russian Federation: 32 States intervening)
- Ukraine: Mr Yves Daudet
- Proceedings instituted by South Africa against the State of Israel on 29 December 2023[2]
The ICJ president (Joan Donoghue) decides which permanent Judge has to stand down temporarily to make way for the Judge ad hoc.[5]
Problems
In 1986, after the court ruled that the United States's covert war against Nicaragua violated international law, the US simply withdrew from compulsory jurisdiction. Although Chapter XIV of the UN Charter authorises the Security Council to enforce court rulings, such enforcement is subject to the veto power of the five permanent members of the council, so the United States simply vetoed enforcement of the case, allowing it to avoid the effective sanction of the ICJ.
The court has ignored obvious evidence of illegality in connection with the 2003 Iraq War, notably when the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission found Tony Blair and a bunch of US government officials guilty of war crimes.
Ruling on unilateral declaration of independence
In its Advisory Opinion of 22 July 2010, the ICJ concluded that the declaration of independence in respect of Kosovo in its precise historical circumstances "did not violate any applicable rule of international law".[6][7] The declaration of independence thus set a precedent that could apply to other separatist movements.[8]
A Document by International Court of Justice
Title | Document type | Publication date | Subject(s) | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Document:South Africa institutes Genocide Convention proceedings against Israel | statement | 29 December 2023 | Israel South Africa Occupied Palestinian Territory International Court of Justice Genocide Convention Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2023 Gaza−Israel conflict | South Africa's 84-page Application instituting Genocide Convention proceedings against Israel |
Related Quotation
Page | Quote | Author | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Craig Murray | “The International Court of Justice has stated definitively that the Israeli occupation is illegal and it is the duty of states not to support it. Yet in UK law it is perfectly legal to state that you support the IDF and hope that they kill all the Palestinians in Gaza But it is illegal in the UK - and carries 14 years in jail - to express support for named Palestinian organisations engaged, legally in international law, in armed resistance to illegal occupation.” | Craig Murray | 20 August 2024 |
Related Documents
Title | Type | Publication date | Author(s) | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Document:A Devastating Indictment of Israel’s War on Gaza | Article | 11 January 2024 | Mike Small Roshdi Sarraj | |
Document:Dikgang Moseneke to join bench of judges in Israel-Hamas world court case | Article | 5 January 2024 | Kgaugelo Masweneng | Should presiding American Judge Joan Donoghue recuse herself when it comes to determining whether US staunch ally Israel has committed genocide in Gaza? |
Document:Ex-Israeli Supreme Court chief Aharon Barak appointed as ICJ judge for genocide case | Article | 8 January 2024 | The New Arab Staff | Aharon Barak argued that the rules of collateral damage permit the killing of Palestinian fighters even if led to the deaths of children. This was approved by Barak himself in a 2006 Supreme Court ruling, as cited in a report by a Canadian news outlet. |
Document:Existence vs Expansion | blog post | 21 July 2024 | Craig Murray | The International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion is extremely lucid and decisive. The ball is now back in the court of the UN General Assembly, which requested the Opinion. The General Assembly now should move to suspend Israel’s membership of the United Nations. That is the next project on which I shall be working. |
Document:Has International Law Survived, or Has the Western Political Class Killed It? | blog post | 28 January 2024 | Craig Murray | Now think of this: the very next day after President Herzog made a genocidal statement, as determined by the International Court of Justice, he was met and offered “full support” by Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission and Roberta Metsola, President of the European Parliament |
Document:ICJ to decide on emergency measures in Israel-Gaza genocide case this week | Article | 24 January 2024 | Al Jazeera staff | South Africa’s Foreign Minister Naledi Pandor will travel to The Hague to be present at the International Court of Justice as it rules on the Israeli genocide in Gaza. |
Document:International justice: the South African complaint against Israel for “genocide” in Gaza | Article | 10 January 2024 | United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe | |
Document:Israel Goes to Court for the Crime of Genocide | Article | 12 January 2024 | Philip Giraldi | The plan by America’s “best friend” and “closest ally” to nuke the world even has a name: the “Samson Option,” recalling how the Biblical strongman Samson brought down the temple where the Philistines were mocking him, killing thousands of them. |
Document:On Gaza, Sunak's Tories and Starmer's Labour have merged into a single pro-war party | Article | 22 January 2024 | Peter Oborne | If the ICJ rules in South Africa’s favour then Rishi Sunak, as well as US President Joe Biden, will be wide open to the charge that they are aiding and abetting genocide. And so will Labour’s Keir Starmer. |
Document:Only a failing US empire would be so blind as to cheer Netanyahu and his genocide | Article | 26 July 2024 | Jonathan Cook | Members of the US Congress roared “USA!” to their satrap from Israel, just as Roman senators once roared “Glory!” to generals whose victories they assumed would continue forever. Every empire falls. Its collapse becomes inevitable once its rulers lose all sense of how absurd and abhorrent they have become. |
Document:South Africa institutes Genocide Convention proceedings against Israel | statement | 29 December 2023 | International Court of Justice | South Africa's 84-page Application instituting Genocide Convention proceedings against Israel |
Document:South Africa’s Case Was a Display of International Solidarity - We Should Support It | Article | 12 January 2024 | Jeremy Corbyn | At the International Court of Justice, South Africa spoke on behalf of the billions of people who oppose Israel's genocide in Gaza — and put Western governments to shame for their deplorable complicity. |
Document:The Presence of Evil | Wikispooks Page | 25 July 2024 | Craig Murray | Netanyahu’s slanderous attacks on the institutions of international law were applauded to the rafters by America’s political leaders. The whole world was watching, and took note. The Zionist project per se is evil. To steal another people’s land and subject them to long and progressive genocide is about as evil a deed as can be imagined. |
Document:To continue the Gaza genocide, Israel and the US must destroy the laws of war | Article | 31 May 2024 | Jonathan Cook | Now, as Netanyahu and Gallant risk being put in the dock at The Hague, Washington is finally finding its resolve to act. Not to stop genocide. But to offer Israel protection to carry on. |
Document:Watch the West continue to make a mockery of international law | blog post | 19 July 2024 | Jonathan Cook | The World Court concludes that the Palestinians are owed massive reparations. At a bare minimum, western governments must recognise the state of Palestine and impose sanctions on Israel until it withdraws from the occupied territories. |
Document:Your Man in the Hague (In a Good Way) Part 1 | blog post | 11 January 2024 | Craig Murray | The fact of genocide is incontrovertible and had been plainly set out. But several of the Judges are desperate to find a way to please the USA and Israel and avoid countering the current Zionist narrative, the adoption of which is necessary to keep your feet comfortably under the table of the elite. |
Document:Your Man in the Hague (In a Good Way) Part 2 | blog post | 14 January 2024 | Craig Murray | "These two days in the Hague were absolutely crucial for deciding if there is any meaning left in notions of international law and human rights. I still believe action by the Court could cause the US and UK to back off and provide some measure of relief. For now, let us all pray or wish, each in our way, for the children of Gaza." |
A document sourced from International Court of Justice
References
- ↑ "Current members of the ICJ"
- ↑ Document:South Africa institutes Genocide Convention proceedings against Israel
- ↑ Document:Dikgang Moseneke to join bench of judges in Israel-Hamas world court case
- ↑ Document:Ex-Israeli Supreme Court chief Aharon Barak appointed as ICJ judge for genocide case
- ↑ "Can the US and Israel stitch up genocide hearing?"
- ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-10730573
- ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305652516_The_ICJ_Advisory_Opinion_on_the_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence_in_Respect_of_Kosovo_Rules_or_principles
- ↑ https://www.cato.org/commentary/kosovo-precedent-still-haunting-nato#