Difference between revisions of "1808"
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| − | | | + | |description=year 1808 |
}} | }} | ||
| + | == Events == | ||
| + | === January–March === | ||
| + | * January 1 - The importation of [[Slavery#Slavery in North America|slaves]] into the United States is banned, as the 1806 [[Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves]] takes effect; African slaves continue to be imported into [[Cuba]], and until the island abolishes slavery in 1865, half a million slaves will arrive on the island.<ref>Joseph R. Conlin, ''The American Past: A Survey of American History'' (Cengage Learning, 2008)</ref> | ||
| + | * January 1 - [[Sierra Leone]] becomes a British Crown Colony. | ||
| + | * January 26 – [[Rum Rebellion]]: On the 20th anniversary of the foundation of the [[crown colony|colony]] of [[New South Wales]], disgruntled military officers of the [[New South Wales Corps]] (the ''Rum Corps'') overthrow and imprison [[Governor of New South Wales|Governor]] [[William Bligh]] and seize control of the colony. | ||
| + | * February 2 – French troops occupy the [[Papal States]]. | ||
| + | * February 11 – In [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania]], [[Jesse Fell]] becomes the first person in the world to burn [[anthracite]] coal as residential heating fuel. | ||
| + | * February 21 - The [[Finnish War]] begins as Russian troops cross the border into Finland without a [[declaration of war]]. | ||
| + | * February 21 - Russia issues an ultimatum to Sweden, to join Napoleon's [[Continental System]] against the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]].<ref>E. I. Kouri and Jens E. Olesen, eds. ''The Cambridge History of Scandinavia: Volume 2, 1520–1870'' (Cambridge University Press, 2016)</ref> | ||
| + | * March 1 – The slave trade is abolished by the United Kingdom in all of its colonies as the [[Slave Trade Act 1807]] takes effect.<ref>''Antigua and the Antiguans: A Full Account of the Colony and Its Inhabitants'' (1844, reprinted by Cambridge University Press, 2011) p136</ref> This year, the British [[Royal Navy]] establishes the [[West Africa Squadron]] on the coast of West Africa to enforce the abolitionist [[Blockade of Africa]]. | ||
| + | * March 2 - Russian troops occupy [[Helsinki]] and threaten [[Sveaborg]]. | ||
| + | * March 7 – [[Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil]]: The Portuguese royal court arrives in [[Rio de Janeiro]], making it the centre of the [[Portuguese Empire]]. | ||
| + | * March 13 – Upon the death of [[Christian VII of Denmark|Christian VII]], [[Frederick VI of Denmark|Frederick VI]] becomes king of Denmark. The next day (March 14), Denmark declares [[Dano-Swedish War of 1808–09|war on Sweden]]. | ||
| + | * April 6 – [[John Jacob Astor]] incorporates the [[American Fur Company]]. | ||
| + | * May 6 – [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand]] is forced to abdicate as King of Spain by Napoleon. This effectively ends the [[Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808)]] as the United Kingdom allies with Spain and Portugal against the French in the [[Peninsular War]]. | ||
| + | * July 8 – [[Joseph Bonaparte]] approves the [[Bayonne Statute]], a royal charter intended as the basis for his rule as King of Spain, during the [[Peninsular War]]. | ||
| + | * September 27 – The [[Congress of Erfurt]], between the emperors [[Napoleon I of France]] and [[Alexander I of Russia]], begins. | ||
| + | * October 6 – English chemist [[Humphry Davy]] electrochemically isolates [[potassium]] from [[potash]].<ref>"England's Greatest Chemist, Sir Humphry Davy", by John A. Bowes, in ''Young England'' magazine (Sunday School Union, 1883) p63</ref> | ||
| + | * October 12 – [[Banco do Brasil]], a major Financial group in South America, founded in [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil.{{page needed|date=April 2020}} | ||
| + | * November 8 – [[1808 United States presidential election]]: [[James Madison]] defeats [[Charles C. Pinckney]], winning 122 electoral votes to Pinckney's 47. Ten of the 17 states choose their electors by popular vote, the rest choose through state legislatures. [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]], who is separately elected as vice president, gets six electoral votes for president.<ref>Thomas Hudson McKee, ''The National Conventions and Platforms of All Political Parties'' (Friedenwald, 1901) p18</ref> | ||
| + | * November 15 – [[Mahmud II]] (1808–1839) succeeds [[Mustafa IV]] (1807–1808), as [[sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. | ||
| + | * November 19 – A new truce at Olkijoki ends fighting in Finland, and Swedish troops concede that area to Russia.<ref name=Stefansson>Jón Stefánsson, ''Denmark and Sweden: With Iceland and Finland'' (T.F. Unwin, Ltd., 1916) p332</ref> | ||
| + | * December 1 – [[Tsar]] [[Alexander I of Russia]] proclaims [[Finland]] a part of Russia.<ref>Edward C. Thaden, ''Russia's Western Borderlands, 1710-1870'' (Princeton University Press, 2014) p85</ref> | ||
| + | * December 4 – [[Napoleon]] joins his army in Spain.<ref>James Harvey Robinson and Charles A. Beard, eds., ''Outlines of European History: From the opening of the eighteenth century to the present day'' (Ginn and Company, 1912) p214</ref> | ||
| + | * December 22 – [[Beethoven concert of 22 December 1808]]: [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] conducts and plays piano in a marathon [[benefit concert]], at the [[Theater an der Wien]] in Vienna, consisting entirely of first public performances of works by him, including [[Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 5]], [[Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 6]], [[Piano Concerto No. 4 (Beethoven)|Piano Concerto No. 4]] and ''[[Choral Fantasy (Beethoven)|Choral Fantasy]]''. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Date unknown === | ||
| + | * [[Goethe]]'s ''[[Faust, Part One]] (Faust. Eine Tragödie, erster Teil)'' is published in full in [[Tübingen]]. | ||
| + | * The [[Academy of Fine Arts, Munich]] is given the title of Royal Academy of Fine Arts by King [[Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria]]. | ||
| + | * The [[Rijksmuseum]] moves from [[The Hague]] to [[Amsterdam]], where it is located temporarily at the [[Royal Palace (Amsterdam)|Royal Palace]]. | ||
{{SMWDocs}} | {{SMWDocs}} | ||
| − | {{ | + | ==References== |
| + | {{reflist}} | ||
Latest revision as of 09:26, 12 March 2021
 ( 1800s: )  1808    | |
|---|---|
.jpg) The slave trade is abolished by the United Kingdom in all of its colonies as the Slave Trade Act 1807 takes effect. | |
| year 1808 |
Events
January–March
- January 1 - The importation of slaves into the United States is banned, as the 1806 Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves takes effect; African slaves continue to be imported into Cuba, and until the island abolishes slavery in 1865, half a million slaves will arrive on the island.[1]
- January 1 - Sierra Leone becomes a British Crown Colony.
- January 26 – Rum Rebellion: On the 20th anniversary of the foundation of the colony of New South Wales, disgruntled military officers of the New South Wales Corps (the Rum Corps) overthrow and imprison Governor William Bligh and seize control of the colony.
- February 2 – French troops occupy the Papal States.
- February 11 – In Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, Jesse Fell becomes the first person in the world to burn anthracite coal as residential heating fuel.
- February 21 - The Finnish War begins as Russian troops cross the border into Finland without a declaration of war.
- February 21 - Russia issues an ultimatum to Sweden, to join Napoleon's Continental System against the United Kingdom.[2]
- March 1 – The slave trade is abolished by the United Kingdom in all of its colonies as the Slave Trade Act 1807 takes effect.[3] This year, the British Royal Navy establishes the West Africa Squadron on the coast of West Africa to enforce the abolitionist Blockade of Africa.
- March 2 - Russian troops occupy Helsinki and threaten Sveaborg.
- March 7 – Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil: The Portuguese royal court arrives in Rio de Janeiro, making it the centre of the Portuguese Empire.
- March 13 – Upon the death of Christian VII, Frederick VI becomes king of Denmark. The next day (March 14), Denmark declares war on Sweden.
- April 6 – John Jacob Astor incorporates the American Fur Company.
- May 6 – Ferdinand is forced to abdicate as King of Spain by Napoleon. This effectively ends the Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808) as the United Kingdom allies with Spain and Portugal against the French in the Peninsular War.
- July 8 – Joseph Bonaparte approves the Bayonne Statute, a royal charter intended as the basis for his rule as King of Spain, during the Peninsular War.
- September 27 – The Congress of Erfurt, between the emperors Napoleon I of France and Alexander I of Russia, begins.
- October 6 – English chemist Humphry Davy electrochemically isolates potassium from potash.[4]
- October 12 – Banco do Brasil, a major Financial group in South America, founded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Template:Page needed
- November 8 – 1808 United States presidential election: James Madison defeats Charles C. Pinckney, winning 122 electoral votes to Pinckney's 47. Ten of the 17 states choose their electors by popular vote, the rest choose through state legislatures. George Clinton, who is separately elected as vice president, gets six electoral votes for president.[5]
- November 15 – Mahmud II (1808–1839) succeeds Mustafa IV (1807–1808), as sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
- November 19 – A new truce at Olkijoki ends fighting in Finland, and Swedish troops concede that area to Russia.[6]
- December 1 – Tsar Alexander I of Russia proclaims Finland a part of Russia.[7]
- December 4 – Napoleon joins his army in Spain.[8]
- December 22 – Beethoven concert of 22 December 1808: Ludwig van Beethoven conducts and plays piano in a marathon benefit concert, at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, consisting entirely of first public performances of works by him, including Symphony No. 5, Symphony No. 6, Piano Concerto No. 4 and Choral Fantasy.
Date unknown
- Goethe's Faust, Part One (Faust. Eine Tragödie, erster Teil) is published in full in Tübingen.
- The Academy of Fine Arts, Munich is given the title of Royal Academy of Fine Arts by King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria.
- The Rijksmuseum moves from The Hague to Amsterdam, where it is located temporarily at the Royal Palace.
A New Group
| Group | Image | Description |
|---|---|---|
| University of Belgrade |  | The oldest and largest modern university in Serbia |
Births
| Title | Born | Place of birth | Died | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Napoleon III | 20 April 1808 | 9 January 1873 | Politician | |
| Lionel de Rothschild | 22 November 1808 | London UK | 3 June 1879 | Politician Rothschild family |
| Andrew Johnson | 29 December 1808 | United States North Carolina Raleigh | 31 July 1875 | Politician |
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References
- ↑ Joseph R. Conlin, The American Past: A Survey of American History (Cengage Learning, 2008)
- ↑ E. I. Kouri and Jens E. Olesen, eds. The Cambridge History of Scandinavia: Volume 2, 1520–1870 (Cambridge University Press, 2016)
- ↑ Antigua and the Antiguans: A Full Account of the Colony and Its Inhabitants (1844, reprinted by Cambridge University Press, 2011) p136
- ↑ "England's Greatest Chemist, Sir Humphry Davy", by John A. Bowes, in Young England magazine (Sunday School Union, 1883) p63
- ↑ Thomas Hudson McKee, The National Conventions and Platforms of All Political Parties (Friedenwald, 1901) p18
- ↑ Jón Stefánsson, Denmark and Sweden: With Iceland and Finland (T.F. Unwin, Ltd., 1916) p332
- ↑ Edward C. Thaden, Russia's Western Borderlands, 1710-1870 (Princeton University Press, 2014) p85
- ↑ James Harvey Robinson and Charles A. Beard, eds., Outlines of European History: From the opening of the eighteenth century to the present day (Ginn and Company, 1912) p214
