Difference between revisions of "1813"
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{{year | {{year | ||
| − | |image= | + | |image=Battle of Leipzig by Zauerweid.jpg |
|image_width= | |image_width= | ||
| − | |image_caption= | + | |image_caption=With British money and Russian troops, this year the coalition forces France to a strategic retreat, here from the battle of Leipzig. |
| + | |description=year 1813 | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | == Events == | ||
| + | *March 4 - [[James Madison]] is sworn in for a second term as President of the United States. | ||
| + | * March 17 – [[Napoleonic Wars]]: Prussia declares war on France, and introduces the [[Iron Cross]] military award (backdated to March 10). | ||
| + | * March 28 – [[1813–1814 Malta plague epidemic]] spreads from Egypt. | ||
| + | * June 6 - [[Gregory Blaxland]], [[William Lawson (explorer)|William Lawson]] and [[William Wentworth]] succeed in crossing the [[Blue Mountains (New South Wales)]] and return home, opening up the vast pastoral plains that will found Australia's fortune. | ||
| + | * July 13 - The [[Carabinieri]], the national [[military police]] of Italy, are founded by [[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia|Victor Emmanuel I]] as the police force of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]]. | ||
| + | * July 23 – Sir [[Thomas Maitland (British Army officer)|Thomas Maitland]] is appointed as the first [[List of Governors of Malta|Governor of Malta]], transforming the island from a [[Malta Protectorate|British protectorate]] to a ''de facto'' [[Crown Colony of Malta|colony]]. | ||
| + | * October 14 – After a ceremony in [[Caracas]], [[Venezuela]], the municipality gives [[Simón Bolívar]] the title of ''El Libertador''. | ||
| + | * October 16–19 – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Battle of Leipzig]]: [[Napoleon]] is defeated by the forces of the [[War of the Sixth Coalition|Sixth Coalition]]. More than 600,000 troops are in the field, with well over 10% killed, wounded or missing. Many of the German states forming the [[Confederation of the Rhine]] defect from Napoleon to the Coalition, as a result of the battle. | ||
| + | * October 24 – November 5 – [[Iran|Persia]] and Russia sign the [[Treaty of Gulistan]] at the end of the [[Russo-Persian War (1804–13)|Russo-Persian War]], by which Persia loses modern-day [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Dagestan]] and most of [[Azerbaijan]] to Russia. | ||
| + | * November 21 – An [[Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands|independent government]] is restored in the Netherlands. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Date unknown === | ||
| + | * [[Mathieu Orfila]] publishes his groundbreaking ''Traité des poisons'', formalizing the field of [[toxicology]]. | ||
| + | * In freemasonry, the [[Supreme Council, Scottish Rite, Northern Jurisdiction, USA|Supreme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States of America]] is founded. | ||
| + | |||
{{SMWDocs}} | {{SMWDocs}} | ||
| − | {{ | + | ==References== |
| + | {{Reflist}} | ||
Latest revision as of 22:35, 13 March 2021
 ( 1810s: )  1813    | |
|---|---|
 With British money and Russian troops, this year the coalition forces France to a strategic retreat, here from the battle of Leipzig. | |
| year 1813 |
Events
- March 4 - James Madison is sworn in for a second term as President of the United States.
- March 17 – Napoleonic Wars: Prussia declares war on France, and introduces the Iron Cross military award (backdated to March 10).
- March 28 – 1813–1814 Malta plague epidemic spreads from Egypt.
- June 6 - Gregory Blaxland, William Lawson and William Wentworth succeed in crossing the Blue Mountains (New South Wales) and return home, opening up the vast pastoral plains that will found Australia's fortune.
- July 13 - The Carabinieri, the national military police of Italy, are founded by Victor Emmanuel I as the police force of the Kingdom of Sardinia.
- July 23 – Sir Thomas Maitland is appointed as the first Governor of Malta, transforming the island from a British protectorate to a de facto colony.
- October 14 – After a ceremony in Caracas, Venezuela, the municipality gives Simón Bolívar the title of El Libertador.
- October 16–19 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of Leipzig: Napoleon is defeated by the forces of the Sixth Coalition. More than 600,000 troops are in the field, with well over 10% killed, wounded or missing. Many of the German states forming the Confederation of the Rhine defect from Napoleon to the Coalition, as a result of the battle.
- October 24 – November 5 – Persia and Russia sign the Treaty of Gulistan at the end of the Russo-Persian War, by which Persia loses modern-day Georgia, Dagestan and most of Azerbaijan to Russia.
- November 21 – An independent government is restored in the Netherlands.
Date unknown
- Mathieu Orfila publishes his groundbreaking Traité des poisons, formalizing the field of toxicology.
- In freemasonry, the Supreme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States of America is founded.
New Groups
| Group | Image | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Colby College |  | Military ranks Liberal arts | Private liberal arts college in Waterville, Maine. |
| Netherlands/Ministry of Defence |  | Military | Eager and successful partner of the US and NATO in War on Terror but can't control its own national war on drugs. Implicated in war crimes in Indonesia, Bosnia & Iraq. |
A Birth
| Title | Born | Died | Summary | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Richard Wagner | 22 May 1813 | 13 February 1883 | Songwriter | German composer, theater director, polemicist, and conductor, with large cultural influence |
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