Difference between revisions of "1814"

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[[File:Congress of Vienna.PNG|thumb | upright=1.8| The Congress of Vienna was a [[deep event]] and one of the most important international diplomatic conferences in European history.
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<br/>1. [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington]]
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<br/>2. [[Portugal]] [[Joaquim Lobo da Silveira|Joaquim Lobo Silveira, 7th Count of Oriola]]
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<br/>3. [[Portugal]] [[António de Saldanha da Gama, Count of Porto Santo]]
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<br/>4. [[Sweden]] [[Carl Löwenhielm|Count Carl Löwenhielm]]
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<br/>5. [[Bourbon Restoration]] [[Jean de Noailles|Jean-Louis-Paul-François, 5th Duke of Noailles]]
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<br/>6. [[Austrian Empire]] [[Klemens Wenzel, Prince von Metternich]]
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<br/>7. [[Bourbon Restoration]] [[André Marie Jean Jacques Dupin|André Dupin]]
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<br/>8. [[Russian Empire]] [[Karl Nesselrode|Count Karl Robert Nesselrode]]
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<br/>9. [[Portugal]] [[Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of Palmela|Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Count of Palmela]]
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<br/>10. [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] [[Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh]]
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<br/>11. [[Bourbon Restoration]] [[Emmerich Joseph de Dalberg|Emmerich Joseph, Duke of Dalberg]]
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<br/>12. [[Austrian Empire]] [[Baron Johann von Wessenberg-Ampringen|Baron Johann von Wessenberg]]
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<br/>13. [[Russian Empire]] [[Andrey Razumovsky|Prince Andrey Kirillovich Razumovsky]]
 +
<br/>14. [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] [[Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry|Charles Stewart, 1st Baron Stewart]]
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<br/>15. [[Spain]] [[Pedro Gómez Labrador, Marquis of Labrador]]
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<br/>16. [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] [[Richard Trench, 2nd Earl of Clancarty|Richard Le Poer Trench, 2nd Earl of Clancarty]]
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<br/>17. [[Nikolaus von Wacken]] (Recorder)
 +
<br/>18. [[Austrian Empire]] [[Friedrich von Gentz]] (Congress Secretary)
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<br/>19. [[Prussia]] [[Wilhelm von Humboldt|Baron Wilhelm von Humboldt]]
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<br/>20. [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] [[William Cathcart, 1st Earl Cathcart]]
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<br/>21. [[Prussia]] [[Karl August von Hardenberg|Prince Karl August von Hardenberg]]
 +
<br/>22. [[Bourbon Restoration]] [[Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord]]
 +
<br/>23. [[Russian Empire]] [[Gustav Ernst von Stackelberg|Count Gustav Ernst von Stackelberg]]
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]]
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 +
 +
== Events ==
 +
=== January ===
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* January 1 – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – The [[Prussian Army|Royal Prussian Army]] led by [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher]] crosses the [[Rhine]].
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* January 3 - [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Siege of Metz (1814)]]: Allied armies lay siege to the French city and fortress of [[Metz]].
 +
* January 5 – [[Mexican War of Independence]] –  [[Battle of Puruarán]]: Spanish [[Royalist (Spanish American independence)|Royalists]] defeat Mexican Rebels.
 +
* January 11 – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Hoogstraten]]: [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]n forces under [[Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow]] defeat the French.
 +
* January 14
 +
** [[Treaty of Kiel]]: [[Frederick VI of Denmark]] cedes the Kingdom of [[Norway]] into [[Union between Sweden and Norway|personal union]] with Sweden, in exchange for west [[Pomerania]]. This marks the end of the [[real union]] of [[Denmark-Norway]].
 +
* January 27
 +
** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Siege of Ragusa]]: French garrison surrenders to the British and the Austrians.
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** [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Calebee Creek]]: US forces under [[John Floyd (Georgia politician)|John Floyd]] defeat the [[Red Sticks]] in [[Alabama]].
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* January 29 – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Brienne]]: A French army led by [[Napoleon]] is victorious against [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher|von Blücher]].
 +
* January 31 – [[Gervasio Antonio de Posadas]] becomes Supreme Director of [[Argentina]].
 +
 +
=== February ===
 +
* February – [[George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen]], represents Britain at the Congress of Chatillon.
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* February 1
 +
** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]]: [[Battle of La Rothière]] – [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher|Blücher]]'s Allied army defeats the French under [[Napoleon]].
 +
** [[Mount Mayon]] in the Philippines erupts the 2nd time; more than 1,200 people die and the [[Cagsawa Church]] is destroyed and devastated.
 +
* February 8 – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of the Mincio River (1814)]]: French and Italian troops under Viceroy [[Eugène de Beauharnais]] fight an Austrian army to a draw.
 +
* February 10 – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Champaubert]]: A French army led by [[Napoleon]] effectively destroys a small Russian corps led by [[Zakhar Dmitrievich Olsufiev]], opening the [[Six Days' Campaign]].
 +
* February 11
 +
** Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the [[Kalmar Union]].
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** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Montmirail]]: A French army led by [[Napoleon]] is victorious against [[Fabian Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken]] and [[Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg]] in the [[Six Days' Campaign]].
 +
* February 12
 +
** A fire destroys the [[Custom House, City of London|Custom House]] in the City of London.
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** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Château-Thierry (1814)]]: A French army led by [[Napoleon]] is victorious against [[Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg]] and [[Fabian Gottlieb von der Osten-Sacken]] in the [[Six Days' Campaign]].
 +
** [[Venezuelan War of Independence]] – [[Battle of La Victoria (1814)]]: Republicans defeat Spanish Royalists.
 +
* February 14 – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Vauchamps]]: A French army led by [[Napoleon]] is victorious against [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher|von Blücher]], the last major action of the [[Six Days' Campaign]].
 +
* February 21 – The [[Great Stock Exchange Fraud of 1814|Great Stock Exchange Fraud]] is exposed in London.
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* February 27
 +
 +
=== March ===
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* March 1 – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Saint-Julien (1814)]]: Austrian Army of the South defeats the French Army of the Rhône.
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* March 3 - [[Chilean War of Independence]] – [[First Battle of Talca]]: Royalists defeat Chilean rebels.
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* March 4 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Longwoods]]: American raiding party defeats British regulars and militia and Indian fighters.
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* March 7 – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Craonne]]: A French army led by Napoleon is victorious against von Blücher.
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* March 9
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** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Treaty of Chaumont]] signed by four Allied powers, deepening their alliance against France.
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** American naval [[schooner]] [[USS Enterprise (1799)|USS ''Enterprise'']] reaches [[Wilmington, North Carolina|Wilmington]], North Carolina, returning from participating in the [[War of 1812]] against the United Kingdom in the [[Caribbean]].
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* March 10 – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Laon]]: von Blücher defeats Napoleon.
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* March 10 – 15: – [[Argentine War of Independence]] – [[Battle of Martín García (1814)]]: The [[United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata|United Provinces of South America]] defeat the Spanish royalists.
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* March 11 – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Mâcon (1814)]]: Austrian Army of the South defeats the French Army of the Rhône.
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* March 12 – [[Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême]] enters [[Bordeaux]], marking the restoration of the [[House of Bourbon]].
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* March 13 – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Reims (1814)]]: Napoleon defeats a combined Russo-Prussian corps.
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* March 19 – [[Chilean War of Independence]] – [[Battle of El Quilo]]: Chilean rebels defeat Spanish royalists.
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* March 20
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** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Limonest]]: Austrian and Hessian forces defeat the French Army of the Rhône.
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** [[Chilean War of Independence]] – [[Battle of Membrillar]]: Chilean rebels defeat Spanish royalists.
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* March 21 – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube]]: Allied army defeats Napoleon.
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* March 25
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** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Fère-Champenoise]]: Allied army led by Schwarzenberg defeats the French under Marmont and Mortier.
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** ''[[De Nederlandsche Bank]]'' is established.
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* March 26 – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Saint-Dizier]]: Napoleon defeats the Russians under [[Ferdinand von Wintzingerode]].
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* March 26 – 27 – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Jobourg]]: British squadron defeats and captures two French frigates.
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* March 27 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814)|Battle of Horseshoe Bend]]: In northern [[Alabama]], United States forces under General [[Andrew Jackson]] defeat the [[Muscogee (Creek)|Creek]] Indians.
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* March 28 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Valparaíso]]: Two British Royal Navy ships easily defeat and capture [[USS Essex (1799)|USS ''Essex'']] and a sister ship off the coast of Chile.
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* March 29 – [[Chilean War of Independence]] – [[First Battle of Cancha Rayada]]: Spanish royalists defeat Chilean rebels.
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* March 30
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** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]]: The [[Battle of Paris (1814)|Battle of Paris]] begins.
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** [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Lacolle Mills (1814)]]: British garrison defeats American attack.
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* March 31
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** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]]: Coalition troops occupy Paris.
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** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Battle of Courtrai (1814)]]: French forces defeat Saxons and Prussians.
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=== April–June ===
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* April 6 – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]]: [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]] is invited to occupy the restored [[List of French monarchs|French throne]].
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* April 10
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** [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Battle of Toulouse (1814)|Battle of Toulouse]]: The [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Duke of Wellington]] is victorious.
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** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Siege of Metz (1814)|Siege of Metz]] is lifted by the Allies.
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* April 11 – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)|Treaty of Fontainebleau]]: The [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] ends, and [[Napoleon]] is forced to abdicate unconditionally as [[Emperor of the French]].
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* April 12
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** The [[Charles X of France|Count of Artois]] arrives in Paris, acting as Lieutenant General of the realm before the arrival of his brother, [[Louis XVIII of France]].
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** The [[Royal Norwegian Navy]] is re-established.
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* April 14 – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Battle of Bayonne]]: The Allies defeat a French sortie from Bayonne.
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* April 18/19 – [[Genoa]] surrenders to the British Royal Navy.
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* April 24 – [[Convention of Mantua]]: The Napoleonic [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Kingdom of Italy]] is returned to provisional Austrian rule.
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* April 28
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** The [[Ligurian Republic]] is revived.
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** [[War of 1812]] – [[Capture of HMS Epervier|Capture of HMS ''Epervier'']] by the [[USS Peacock (1813)|USS ''Peacock'']].
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* May 2 – [[Napoleonic Wars]] – [[Declaration of Saint-Ouen]]: [[Louis XVIII of France]] declares his support for representative government while claiming unlimited monarchical sovereignty.
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* May 3
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** The Duke of Provence, the future [[Louis XVIII of France]], returns to Paris.
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** [[Treaty of Lircay]] signed between Royalists and Patriots during the [[Chilean War of Independence]].
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* May 4
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** [[Ferdinand VII of Spain]] abolishes the [[Spanish Constitution of 1812]], returning the country to [[absolute monarchy]].
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** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Siege of Antwerp (1814)|Siege of Antwerp]] ends in a French capitulation.
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** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Siege of Mainz (1814)|Siege of Mainz]] ends as the French leave the fortress.
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* May 6 – [[War of 1812|British-American War (War of 1812)]] – [[Battle of Fort Oswego (1814)]]: British forces attack [[Fort Ontario]] at [[Oswego, New York|Oswego]], New York.
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* May 14–16 – [[War of 1812]] – American [[Raid on Port Dover]] and destruction of property.
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* May 16 – [[William Brown (admiral)|William Brown]], Irish-born rebel leader and future Admiral of the Navy of Argentina, begins a blockade of [[Montevideo]], the colonial capital of Rio de la Plata.
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* May 17
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** The [[Constitution of Norway]] is signed and the Danish [[Crown Prince]] [[Christian VIII of Denmark|Christian Frederik]] is elected [[King of Norway]], by the [[Norwegian Constituent Assembly]].
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** The [[Military occupation|occupation]] of [[Monaco]] changes from French to Austrian hands.
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** [[Argentine War of Independence]] – [[Battle of Buceo]] ends in the burning of five Spanish ships and capture of two.
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* May 27 – [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Siege of Hamburg]] ends in a French capitulation.
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* May 28
 +
** [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] – [[Barcelona]] is restored to Spanish Bourbon rule as the French garrison leaves the city.
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** [[Venezuelan War of Independence]] – [[Battle of Carabobo (1814)]]: Republican victory under [[Simón Bolívar]] over Spanish Royalists.
 +
* May 29–30 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Big Sandy Creek]]: US forces capture British marines and sailors.
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* May 30 – [[Napoleonic Wars]]: The [[Treaty of Paris (1814)|First Treaty of Paris]] is signed, returning France's borders to their 1792 extent. [[Napoleon]] is exiled to [[Elba]] on the same day.
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* June 4 – [[Charter of 1814]]: [[Louis XVIII of France]] issues the [[Charter of 1814]], a written constitution that retains royal supremacy and will remain in force from 1814 to 1815 and again from 1815 to 1830.
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* June 6 – Beginning of the [[Allied sovereigns' visit to England]]: Tsar [[Alexander I of Russia]] and King [[Frederick William III of Prussia]] sail from [[Boulogne-Sur-Mer]] to [[Dover]] on board the [[Royal Navy]] ship [[HMS Impregnable (1810)|HMS ''Impregnable'']] as guests of [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George, Prince of Wales]], the regent during the incapacity of King George III.
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* June 12 – The poem "[[She Walks in Beauty]]" is written by [[Lord Byron]].
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* June 17 – In London, Alexander, Frederick William and George exchange their ratifications of the Peace Treaty ending the war with France.
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* June 21 – The secret [[Eight Articles of London]] are signed between the Great Powers, uniting the [[Low Countries]] under [[William I of the Netherlands]].
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* June 28 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Sinking of HMS Reindeer|Sinking of HMS ''Reindeer'']] by [[USS Wasp (1814)|USS ''Wasp'']].
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=== July–September ===
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* July 3 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Capture of Fort Erie]] by the Americans under Major General [[Jacob Brown]].
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* July 5 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Chippawa]]: American Major General [[Jacob Brown]] defeats British General [[Phineas Riall]] at [[Chippawa, Ontario|Chippawa]], Ontario.
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* July 7 – [[Walter Scott]]'s ''[[Waverley (novel)|Waverley]]'', his first prose fiction and one of the first significant historical novels in English, is published anonymously by [[Archibald Constable]] in Edinburgh, selling out in two days.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130430192256/http://www.walterscott.lib.ed.ac.uk/works/novels/waverley.html</ref>
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* July 13 – The [[Carabinieri]] (the national [[military police]] of Italy) is established by [[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia|Victor Emmanuel]], as the police force of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]].
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* July 19 – 20 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Siege of Prairie du Chien]]: British troops and Native Americans besiege and capture the frontier settlement.
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* July 19 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Rock Island Rapids]]: British-allied tribes ambush and defeat an American expedition in Illinois.
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* July 22 – [[War of 1812]] – The [[Treaty of Greenville (1814)]] is signed between the U.S. government and Native American tribes.
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* July 25
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** [[George Stephenson]] tests his first [[locomotive]] ''[[Blücher (locomotive)|Blücher]]'' successfully in England.
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** [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Lundy's Lane]]: Reinforcements arrive near [[Niagara Falls, Ontario|Niagara Falls]], Ontario for General [[Phineas Riall|Riall]]'s British and Canadian force, and a bloody, all-night battle with [[Jacob Brown]]'s Americans commences at 18.00&nbsp;hours; Americans retreat to [[Fort Erie]].
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* July 26 – The [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)]] begins with a Swedish attack.
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* July 28 – The revived [[Ligurian Republic]] is dissolved.
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* July 29 – [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)]] – [[Invasion of Hvaler]] ends in a Swedish victory.
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* July 30 – The [[Great fire of Tirschenreuth]] in Bavaria destroys the town and 907 buildings.
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* August 2 – [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)]] – [[Battle of Lier]] ends in a Norwegian victory.
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* August 4
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** [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Mackinac Island (1814)]] results in a British victory over an American invasion.
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** [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)]] – [[Battle of Fredrikstad]] ends in a Swedish victory.
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** [[War of 1812]] – British [[Siege of Fort Erie]] begins.
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* August 5 – [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)]] – [[Battle of Matrand]] ends in a Norwegian victory.
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* August 7 – [[Pope Pius VII]] decrees the bull ''[[Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum]]'', reestablishing the [[Society of Jesus]] (Jesuits) all over the world, after having approved their survival and existence in Russia.
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* August 9
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** [[Creek War]] – The [[Treaty of Fort Jackson]] is signed, ending the Creek War.
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** [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)]] – [[Battle of Langnes]] ends in a Norwegian victory.
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* August 12 – In England, the last hanging under the [[Black Act]] is carried out, of William Potter for cutting down an [[orchard]] (although the judge petitions for reprieve).
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* August 13 – The [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814]] is signed in London, returning most possessions of the [[Dutch Empire]] acquired by the United Kingdom since 1803 to the Netherlands, although Britain retains the [[Cape of Good Hope]] and the South American settlements of [[Demerara]], [[Essequibo (colony)|Essequibo]] and [[Berbice]] (later consolidated as [[British Guiana]]). In addition, the British cede the island of [[Bangka Island|Banca]] off the island of [[Sumatra]], in exchange for the settlement of [[Kochi, India|Cochin]], India.
 +
* August 13 – September 6 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Engagements on Lake Huron]] result in British victory.
 +
* August 14
 +
** [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)]] – The [[Battle of Kjølberg Bridge]] ends in Swedish victory.
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** [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)]] – The [[Convention of Moss]] is signed, ending the [[Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)|Swedish–Norwegian War]].
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* August 24 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Burning of Washington]]: British troops, after defeating American forces at the [[Battle of Bladensburg]], occupy Washington, D.C., setting numerous buildings on fire, including the [[United States Capitol|Capitol]] and [[White House|Presidential Mansion]].
 +
* August 26 – [[Chilean War of Independence]] – [[Battle of Las Tres Acequias]] ends in victory for the forces of [[Jose Miguel Carrera]].
 +
* August 31 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Caulk's Field]]: American militia defeats British landing.
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* September 1 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Sinking of HMS Avon]] by the [[USS Wasp (1814)|USS Wasp]].
 +
* September 2 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Raid on Alexandria]] ends in a British victory.
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* September 3 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Hampden]] ends in a British victory.
 +
* September 11 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of Plattsburgh|Battle of Lake Champlain]]: An American squadron under [[Thomas Macdonough]] defeats the British squadron, ultimately forcing the invading army to retreat back into Canada.
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* September 12 – [[War of 1812]] – [[Battle of North Point]]: An American detachment halts the British land advance to [[Baltimore]].
 +
* September 13 – [[War of 1812]]: The British bombard [[Fort McHenry]] at [[Baltimore]]. The British failure at the [[Battle of Baltimore]] is a turning point in the war, and the American defense of the fort inspires [[Francis Scott Key]] to compose the poem (later set to music as) ''[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]''.
 +
* September 21 – [[War of 1812]]: – British [[Siege of Fort Erie]] fails.
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* September 27
 +
** [[War of 1812]]: – [[Battle of Fayal]] ends in an American victory over the British.
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** [[Hadži-Prodan's rebellion]] against the Ottoman Empire begins.
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 +
=== October–December ===
 +
* October 17 – [[London Beer Flood]]: A large vat full of [[porter (beer)]] owned by [[Meux's Brewery]] of London bursts, demolishing buildings and killing 8.
 +
* October 19 – [[War of 1812]]: – [[Battle of Cook's Mills]]: U.S. forces defeat the British in Upper Canada.
 +
* November 1 – The [[Congress of Vienna]] formally opens in Austria to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, with the European powers agreeing upon the redrawing of national borders following the victory over France; it will last until June 9, 1815.<ref>"Vienna, Congress of", in ''The Americana: A Universal Reference Library'' (Scientific American, 1912)</ref>
 +
* November 4 – King Charles XIII of Sweden becomes King of Norway, as Charles II .
 +
* November 7 – [[War of 1812]]: [[Andrew Jackson]] seizes [[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]], Florida.
 +
* December 15 – [[War of 1812]]: The [[Hartford Convention]] is convened, by members of the American [[Federalist Party]].
 +
* December 24 – [[War of 1812]]: The [[Treaty of Ghent]] is signed, formally ending the war.
 +
* December 25 – [[Samuel Marsden]] of the [[Church Missionary Society]] preaches the first sermon in New Zealand, probably in the [[Māori language]], at [[Rangihoua Bay|Oihi]].
 +
 +
=== Date unknown ===
 +
* The world's first complex machine mass-produced from [[interchangeable parts]], [[Eli Terry]]'s wooden pillar-and-scroll clock, comes off the production line in [[Plymouth, Connecticut|Plymouth]], Connecticut.
 
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==References==
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{{reflist}}

Revision as of 10:12, 1 March 2021

1804 < 1805 < 1806 < 1807 < 1808 < 1809 < 1810 <1811 < 1812 < 1813 < 1814 > 1815 > 1816 > 1817 > 1818 > 1819 > 1820 > 1821 > 1822 > 1823 > 1824
Decade.png ( 1810s: )    Year.png 1814 Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Russparis.jpg
Russian army enters the French capital after winning the battle of Paris
Despite heavy fighting, the more than twenty years of war are winding down
The Congress of Vienna was a deep event and one of the most important international diplomatic conferences in European history.
1. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
2. Portugal Joaquim Lobo Silveira, 7th Count of Oriola
3. Portugal António de Saldanha da Gama, Count of Porto Santo
4. Sweden Count Carl Löwenhielm
5. Bourbon Restoration Jean-Louis-Paul-François, 5th Duke of Noailles
6. Austrian Empire Klemens Wenzel, Prince von Metternich
7. Bourbon Restoration André Dupin
8. Russian Empire Count Karl Robert Nesselrode
9. Portugal Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Count of Palmela
10. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh
11. Bourbon Restoration Emmerich Joseph, Duke of Dalberg
12. Austrian Empire Baron Johann von Wessenberg
13. Russian Empire Prince Andrey Kirillovich Razumovsky
14. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Charles Stewart, 1st Baron Stewart
15. Spain Pedro Gómez Labrador, Marquis of Labrador
16. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Richard Le Poer Trench, 2nd Earl of Clancarty
17. Nikolaus von Wacken (Recorder)
18. Austrian Empire Friedrich von Gentz (Congress Secretary)
19. Prussia Baron Wilhelm von Humboldt
20. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland William Cathcart, 1st Earl Cathcart
21. Prussia Prince Karl August von Hardenberg
22. Bourbon Restoration Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
23. Russian Empire Count Gustav Ernst von Stackelberg


Events

January

February

March

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

 

A New Group

GroupImageDescription
De Nederlandsche BankDe Nederlandsche Bank logo.svgThe Dutch central bank.

 

Births

TitleBornPlace of birthDiedSummary
Mikhail Bakunin30 May 1814Russia
Premukhino		1 July 1876Author
Activist
Anarchism
Edwin Stanton19 December 1814United States
Ohio
Steubenville		24 December 1869Politician
Lawyer
Deep state actor
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References

  1. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20130430192256/http://www.walterscott.lib.ed.ac.uk/works/novels/waverley.html
  2. ↑ "Vienna, Congress of", in The Americana: A Universal Reference Library (Scientific American, 1912)
Retrieved from "https://wikispooks.com/w/index.php?title=1814&oldid=205059"