Difference between revisions of "Terence Todman"

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{{person
 
{{person
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terence_Todman
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terence_Todman
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|image=Terence Todman.jpg
 
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|alma_mater=Interamerican University of Puerto Rico,Syracuse University
 
|nationality=US
 
|nationality=US
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|birth_date=
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|description=U.S. Ambassador to [[Chad]], [[Guinea]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Spain]], [[Denmark]], and [[Argentina]].
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|birth_place=
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|birth_date=March 13, 1926
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|death_date=
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|birth_place=St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands,USA
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|death_place=
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|death_date=August 13, 2014
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|constitutes=diplomat
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|death_place=St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands,USA
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|constitutes=diplomat,polyglot
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|employment={{job
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|title=US/Ambassador/Argentina
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|start=June 13, 1989
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|end=June 28, 1993
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}}{{job
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|title=US/Ambassador/Denmark
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|start=November 17, 1983
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|end=January 8, 1989
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}}{{job
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|title=US/Ambassador/Spain
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|start=July 20, 1978
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|end=August 8, 1983
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}}{{job
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|title=Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs
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|start=April 1, 1977
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|end=June 27, 1978
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}}{{job
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|title=US/Ambassador/Costa Rica
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|start=March 17, 1975
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|end=January 24, 1977
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}}{{job
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|title=US/Ambassador/Guinea
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|start=August 26, 1972
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|end=January 3, 1975
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}}{{job
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|title=US/Ambassador/Chad
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|start=August 21, 1969
 +
|end=June 29, 1972
 
}}
 
}}
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}}
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'''Terence Alphonso Todman''' was an American diplomat who was U.S. Ambassador to [[Chad]], [[Guinea]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Spain]], [[Denmark]], and [[Argentina]].
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==Early life==
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Todman was born on [[Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands]], on March 13, 1926. His mother worked as a house maid and laundress, and his father was a grocery clerk. His childhood in St. Thomas would prove influential in his decision to become a diplomat. He later spoke of his school years as such: "...we found ourselves doing studies on different countries, obviously at a high school level, but nevertheless you got exposed to the fact that there were other places, other people, other things happening. So, with the movement of people in and out and with that kind of intellectual academic preparation, it made for a consciousness of a world outside and of the need to deal with other people."<ref name=interview>https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004tod01/2004tod01.pdf </ref> He graduated Charlotte Amalie High School second in his class.
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Todman graduated from the [[Interamerican University of Puerto Rico]] ''summa cum laude''.
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==Military career==
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He was drafted by the [[United States Army]] while in college and worked in [[Japan]] from 1945 to 1949.<ref name="highfield1">https://archive.today/20130217003252/http://virginislandsdailynews.com/op-ed/virgin-islander-terence-todman-ambassador-extraordinaire-1.1117112</ref>
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==Diplomatic career==
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Todman received an M.P.A. degree from the Maxwell Graduate School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at [[Syracuse University]] in 1952; the top-ranked and most prestigious graduate school of public administration.<ref name="businessweek1">https://archive.today/20130215164242/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=22501904&privcapId=23371</ref> After passing the Federal Entry Exam, Todman received offers from the [[Office of Management and Budget]], the [[United States Office of Personnel Management|Office of Personnel Management]], the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and the State Department. He joined the State Department and, the following year, passed the Foreign Service Examination.<ref>https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004tod01/2004tod01.pdf</ref>
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He started in the Office of South Asian Affairs, were he learned [[Hindustani]], handled [[India]], [[Ceylon]] and [[Nepal]], and became the assistant desk officer for India.<ref name=interview/>
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He learned [[Arabic]], and was posted in [[Tunisia]] around 1963, helping establishing the [[Peace Corps]] there<ref name=interview/>
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In [[Chad]], he was posted during the tensions with [[Libya]].  When [[George H.W. Bush]] came for a three day visit, they created a relationship that remained, he became "a very good friend".<ref name=interview/>
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In [[Guinea]], he told how because "they were hosting the Portuguese Guineans, [[Amilcar Cabral]] and company, against the [[Portuguese]], they accepted the word of others that we were working against Guinea, to overthrow [[Sekou Toure]]", and there were "demonstrations after demonstrations against the United States." Gradually, Sekou Toure began to support some of the positions the United States was holding, including in the [[Organization of African States]].<ref name=interview/>
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During his Ambassadorship in Guinea, his embassy was under eavesdropping of the [[Soviet Union]]'s [[KGB]].<ref>https://archive.org/details/swordshieldmitro00andr/page/342</ref> His appointment as ambassador to Costa Rica in 1974 represented the first African American to be given the title in a Spanish-speaking country.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/terence-a-todman-us-ambassador-to-six-nations-dies-at-88/2014/08/16/cccc09e4-2487-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html?noredirect=on</ref>
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As [[Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs]], he played a great role in the [[Panama Canal]] negotiations. When it was time for ratification in the [[US Senate]], he developed, together with [[Peter Johnson]], a plan "for making sure that the American people got to know what this was all about". They organized a massive campaign of public information, public speaking. "And the votes changed. We got enough votes changed and we got the treaty ratified."<ref name=interview/>
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Also as [[Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs]], in early September [[1977]], [[President Carter]] met with Junta [[President Videla]] in [[Washington]] and initiated [[secret negotiations]] on the [[human rights]] issue. "Videla would release most of the 4000 prisoners held under executive order by Christmas 1977, but it is not known what the U.S. would give the Argentines in return. The minutes of the meeting are still classified. A few days later, this heavily excised memo written by Assistant Secretary Todman recommendrd supporting Videla and scribbled on the side has the words "File Arms Transfers" and the acronym for the Defense Attaché, "DAO" suggesting that the U.S. was considering supplying Argentina with military equipment. At about this time, the U.S. quietly approved "export licenses for submarine periscopes and advisory opinions for the sale of three Chinook [[helicopters]] and two Lockheed KC-130 tanker aircraft" to the [[Argentina/Military|Argentine military]]".<ref>https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB85/771103%200000A57C.pdf</ref><ref>https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB85/index2.htm</ref>
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He was ambassador to [[Spain]] in the years after the [[Franco]] and the transition to democracy. He was chief negotiator for the 1982 renewal of the US military bases<ref>https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP85M00364R000400530060-7.pdf</ref>, and also pushing for Spain to join NATO formally.<ref name=interview/><ref>https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/53468/when-juan-carlos-wanted-cede.html</ref>
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Just before he got to [[Denmark]], the Danish Parliament had voted to not contribute to the deployment of new nuclear missiles in [[Western Europe]] for [[NATO]] forces. One of Todman's  missions was to get Denmark back on the NATO bandwagon, and increase military budgets, accept continued US bases on [[Greenland]] and accept the possibility of US naval vessels with nuclear weapons in Danish waters.<ref name=interview/>
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===Spooky labor friends===
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In [[Tunisia]] he was head of labor activities. He dealt with the leading Tunisian [[labor leaders]]. From his time in [[India]], he had extremely good ties with the [[AFL-CIO]], with [[George Meany]] personally, [[Irving Brown]],
 +
and [[Lane Kirkland]] - these people were CIA operatives handling labor unions around the world. Todman dealt with the leadership of the Tunisian labor movement [[Habib Ashour]], [[Mohammed Benazzedine]], which he saw on a regular basis.<ref name=interview/>
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==Personal life and death==
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Todman was a member of [[Alpha Phi Alpha]] fraternity.<ref>[http://www.rso.cornell.edu/alpha/prominent/government.html Alpha Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc]</ref> He was also a director of Exxcel Group.<ref name="businessweek1"/> The cafeteria at the [[Harry S Truman Building]] was named after Todman in 2022.<ref>https://www.state.gov/secretary-antony-j-blinken-at-a-ceremony-renaming-the-harry-s-truman-cafeteria-after-ambassador-terence-a-todman/</ref>
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In 1990, he was awarded the rank of [[List of United States Foreign Service Career Ambassadors|Career Ambassador]].<ref>https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73703440.html?dids=73703440:73703440&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+15,+1990&author=Ann+Devroy;+John+E.+Yang;+Kenneth+J.+Cooper&pub=The+Washington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Two+Named+Career+Ambassadors&pqatl=google</ref>
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After retiring, Todman became involved with the [[American Academy of Diplomacy]], the [[Council on Foreign Relations]], and the [[National Endowment for Democracy]].
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Todman was fluent in Spanish, French, Arabic, Hindi, and Japanese.<ref>https://diplomacy.state.gov/stories/diplomatic-skills-of-ambassador-terence-a-todman/</ref> He married Doris Weston; they had four children.<ref name="highfield1"/> On August 13, 2014, Todman died at the age of 88, at a hospital in Saint Thomas.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/terence-a-todman-us-ambassador-to-six-nations-dies-at-88/2014/08/16/cccc09e4-2487-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html Terence A. Todman, U.S ambassador to six nations, dies at 88]</ref>
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{{SMWDocs}}
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
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|date=02.02.2024
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|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terence_Todman
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}}

Latest revision as of 10:19, 5 March 2024

Person.png Terence Todman  Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
(diplomat, polyglot)
Terence Todman.jpg
BornMarch 13, 1926
St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, USA
DiedAugust 13, 2014 (Age 88)
St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, USA
NationalityUS
Alma materInteramerican University of Puerto Rico, Syracuse University
Member ofCouncil on Foreign Relations/Historical Members
U.S. Ambassador to Chad, Guinea, Costa Rica, Spain, Denmark, and Argentina.

Employment.png US/Ambassador/Argentina Wikipedia-icon.png

In office
June 13, 1989 - June 28, 1993

Employment.png US/Ambassador/Denmark Wikipedia-icon.png

In office
November 17, 1983 - January 8, 1989

Employment.png US/Ambassador/Spain Wikipedia-icon.png

In office
July 20, 1978 - August 8, 1983

Employment.png US/Ambassador/Costa Rica Wikipedia-icon.png

In office
March 17, 1975 - January 24, 1977

Employment.png US/Ambassador/Guinea

In office
August 26, 1972 - January 3, 1975

Employment.png US/Ambassador/Chad Wikipedia-icon.png

In office
August 21, 1969 - June 29, 1972

Terence Alphonso Todman was an American diplomat who was U.S. Ambassador to Chad, Guinea, Costa Rica, Spain, Denmark, and Argentina.

Early life

Todman was born on Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, on March 13, 1926. His mother worked as a house maid and laundress, and his father was a grocery clerk. His childhood in St. Thomas would prove influential in his decision to become a diplomat. He later spoke of his school years as such: "...we found ourselves doing studies on different countries, obviously at a high school level, but nevertheless you got exposed to the fact that there were other places, other people, other things happening. So, with the movement of people in and out and with that kind of intellectual academic preparation, it made for a consciousness of a world outside and of the need to deal with other people."[1] He graduated Charlotte Amalie High School second in his class.

Todman graduated from the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico summa cum laude.

Military career

He was drafted by the United States Army while in college and worked in Japan from 1945 to 1949.[2]

Diplomatic career

Todman received an M.P.A. degree from the Maxwell Graduate School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University in 1952; the top-ranked and most prestigious graduate school of public administration.[3] After passing the Federal Entry Exam, Todman received offers from the Office of Management and Budget, the Office of Personnel Management, the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the State Department. He joined the State Department and, the following year, passed the Foreign Service Examination.[4]

He started in the Office of South Asian Affairs, were he learned Hindustani, handled India, Ceylon and Nepal, and became the assistant desk officer for India.[1]

He learned Arabic, and was posted in Tunisia around 1963, helping establishing the Peace Corps there[1]

In Chad, he was posted during the tensions with Libya. When George H.W. Bush came for a three day visit, they created a relationship that remained, he became "a very good friend".[1]

In Guinea, he told how because "they were hosting the Portuguese Guineans, Amilcar Cabral and company, against the Portuguese, they accepted the word of others that we were working against Guinea, to overthrow Sekou Toure", and there were "demonstrations after demonstrations against the United States." Gradually, Sekou Toure began to support some of the positions the United States was holding, including in the Organization of African States.[1]

During his Ambassadorship in Guinea, his embassy was under eavesdropping of the Soviet Union's KGB.[5] His appointment as ambassador to Costa Rica in 1974 represented the first African American to be given the title in a Spanish-speaking country.[6]

As Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs, he played a great role in the Panama Canal negotiations. When it was time for ratification in the US Senate, he developed, together with Peter Johnson, a plan "for making sure that the American people got to know what this was all about". They organized a massive campaign of public information, public speaking. "And the votes changed. We got enough votes changed and we got the treaty ratified."[1]

Also as Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs, in early September 1977, President Carter met with Junta President Videla in Washington and initiated secret negotiations on the human rights issue. "Videla would release most of the 4000 prisoners held under executive order by Christmas 1977, but it is not known what the U.S. would give the Argentines in return. The minutes of the meeting are still classified. A few days later, this heavily excised memo written by Assistant Secretary Todman recommendrd supporting Videla and scribbled on the side has the words "File Arms Transfers" and the acronym for the Defense Attaché, "DAO" suggesting that the U.S. was considering supplying Argentina with military equipment. At about this time, the U.S. quietly approved "export licenses for submarine periscopes and advisory opinions for the sale of three Chinook helicopters and two Lockheed KC-130 tanker aircraft" to the Argentine military".[7][8]

He was ambassador to Spain in the years after the Franco and the transition to democracy. He was chief negotiator for the 1982 renewal of the US military bases[9], and also pushing for Spain to join NATO formally.[1][10]

Just before he got to Denmark, the Danish Parliament had voted to not contribute to the deployment of new nuclear missiles in Western Europe for NATO forces. One of Todman's missions was to get Denmark back on the NATO bandwagon, and increase military budgets, accept continued US bases on Greenland and accept the possibility of US naval vessels with nuclear weapons in Danish waters.[1]

Spooky labor friends

In Tunisia he was head of labor activities. He dealt with the leading Tunisian labor leaders. From his time in India, he had extremely good ties with the AFL-CIO, with George Meany personally, Irving Brown, and Lane Kirkland - these people were CIA operatives handling labor unions around the world. Todman dealt with the leadership of the Tunisian labor movement Habib Ashour, Mohammed Benazzedine, which he saw on a regular basis.[1]

Personal life and death

Todman was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.[11] He was also a director of Exxcel Group.[3] The cafeteria at the Harry S Truman Building was named after Todman in 2022.[12]

In 1990, he was awarded the rank of Career Ambassador.[13]

After retiring, Todman became involved with the American Academy of Diplomacy, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the National Endowment for Democracy.

Todman was fluent in Spanish, French, Arabic, Hindi, and Japanese.[14] He married Doris Weston; they had four children.[2] On August 13, 2014, Todman died at the age of 88, at a hospital in Saint Thomas.[15]


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References

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004tod01/2004tod01.pdf
  2. ↑ a b https://archive.today/20130217003252/http://virginislandsdailynews.com/op-ed/virgin-islander-terence-todman-ambassador-extraordinaire-1.1117112
  3. ↑ a b https://archive.today/20130215164242/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=22501904&privcapId=23371
  4. ↑ https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004tod01/2004tod01.pdf
  5. ↑ https://archive.org/details/swordshieldmitro00andr/page/342
  6. ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/terence-a-todman-us-ambassador-to-six-nations-dies-at-88/2014/08/16/cccc09e4-2487-11e4-8593-da634b334390_story.html?noredirect=on
  7. ↑ https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB85/771103%200000A57C.pdf
  8. ↑ https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB85/index2.htm
  9. ↑ https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP85M00364R000400530060-7.pdf
  10. ↑ https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/53468/when-juan-carlos-wanted-cede.html
  11. ↑ Alpha Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc
  12. ↑ https://www.state.gov/secretary-antony-j-blinken-at-a-ceremony-renaming-the-harry-s-truman-cafeteria-after-ambassador-terence-a-todman/
  13. ↑ https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73703440.html?dids=73703440:73703440&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+15,+1990&author=Ann+Devroy;+John+E.+Yang;+Kenneth+J.+Cooper&pub=The+Washington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Two+Named+Career+Ambassadors&pqatl=google
  14. ↑ https://diplomacy.state.gov/stories/diplomatic-skills-of-ambassador-terence-a-todman/
  15. ↑ Terence A. Todman, U.S ambassador to six nations, dies at 88
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