Difference between revisions of "1816"
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| + | '''1816''' was known as the Year Without a Summer, because of low temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere, possibly the result of the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1815, causing severe global cooling, catastrophic in some locations. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Events == | ||
| + | * December 25, 1815–January 6 – [[Tsar]] [[Alexander I of Russia]] signs an order, expelling the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]] from [[St. Petersburg]] and Moscow.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131216121544/https://www.toughissues.org/whowereczars.htm </ref> | ||
| + | * March 21 – The [[Institut de France]] is reorganized by King [[Louis XVIII of France]] into four academies: a revived [[Académie française]]; the Royal Academy of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres; the Royal Academy of Sciences; and the Royal Academy of Beaux Arts. | ||
| + | * March 29 – April 10 – The [[Second Bank of the United States]] obtains its charter. | ||
| + | * April 28 – The French ''[[Caisse des dépôts et consignations]]'', a public investment body, is created by [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]].<ref>https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006072846</ref> | ||
| + | * June 14 -Founding of [[Norges Bank]] | ||
| + | * June 16 – The [[Peace Society|Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace]] is founded in London. | ||
| + | * July 9 – The [[United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata|United Provinces of South America]] (today [[Argentina]], [[Uruguay]], [[Bolivia]] and southern Brazil) declares [[Argentine Declaration of Independence|independence]] from Spain. | ||
| + | * August 27 – [[Bombardment of Algiers (1816)|Bombardment of Algiers]]: Various European allied ships force [[Omar Agha]], [[Dey of Algiers]] to free Christian slaves. | ||
| + | * September 6 – King [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]] dissolves the ''Chambre introuvable'', the legislature that had been elected, after the [[Second Restoration|Second Bourbon Restoration]] re-established the old monarchy.<ref>Darrin M. McMahon, ''Enemies of the Enlightenment: The French Counter-Enlightenment and the Making of Modernity'' (Oxford University Press, 2002) p157</ref> | ||
| + | * October 25 – November 6 – [[1816 United States presidential election]]: [[James Monroe]] defeats [[Rufus King]]. | ||
| + | * December 12 – The thrones of [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]] and [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples]] are merged into the [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]], under King [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies|Ferdinand I]]. | ||
| + | * December 9–21 – The [[American Colonization Society]] is established, to support the emigration of free African Americans to Africa. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Date unknown === | ||
| + | * [[Shaka]] starts to rule the [[Zulu Kingdom]] at about this date. | ||
| + | * [[Banjul]], capital of [[the Gambia]], is founded as a trading post named Bathurst. | ||
| + | * A [[track (rail transport)|rail]] capable of supporting a heavy [[locomotive]] is developed. | ||
| + | |||
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| − | {{ | + | ==References== |
| + | {{reflist}} | ||
Latest revision as of 16:10, 8 August 2022
 ( 1810s: )  1816    | |
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1816 was known as the Year Without a Summer, because of low temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere, possibly the result of the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1815, causing severe global cooling, catastrophic in some locations.
Events
- December 25, 1815–January 6 – Tsar Alexander I of Russia signs an order, expelling the Jesuits from St. Petersburg and Moscow.[1]
- March 21 – The Institut de France is reorganized by King Louis XVIII of France into four academies: a revived Académie française; the Royal Academy of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres; the Royal Academy of Sciences; and the Royal Academy of Beaux Arts.
- March 29 – April 10 – The Second Bank of the United States obtains its charter.
- April 28 – The French Caisse des dépôts et consignations, a public investment body, is created by Louis XVIII.[2]
- June 14 -Founding of Norges Bank
- June 16 – The Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace is founded in London.
- July 9 – The United Provinces of South America (today Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia and southern Brazil) declares independence from Spain.
- August 27 – Bombardment of Algiers: Various European allied ships force Omar Agha, Dey of Algiers to free Christian slaves.
- September 6 – King Louis XVIII dissolves the Chambre introuvable, the legislature that had been elected, after the Second Bourbon Restoration re-established the old monarchy.[3]
- October 25 – November 6 – 1816 United States presidential election: James Monroe defeats Rufus King.
- December 12 – The thrones of Sicily and Naples are merged into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, under King Ferdinand I.
- December 9–21 – The American Colonization Society is established, to support the emigration of free African Americans to Africa.
Date unknown
- Shaka starts to rule the Zulu Kingdom at about this date.
- Banjul, capital of the Gambia, is founded as a trading post named Bathurst.
- A rail capable of supporting a heavy locomotive is developed.
Event
| Event | Start | End |
|---|---|---|
| Pax Brittanica | 1815 | 1915 |
New Groups
| Group | Image | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Harvard Divinity School |  | Theological studies | Liberal theological seminary. Its academic programs attempt to balance theology and religious studies—that is, the "believer's" perspective on religion with the "secular" perspective on religion. |
| University of Warsaw |  | Public | The largest university in Poland |
| University of Maryland/Law School |  | the oldest law school in the United States | |
| Axa |  | French multinational insurance firm with Bilderberg contacts | |
| Oesterreichische Nationalbank |  | Austrian central bank | |
| Norges Bank |  | The central bank of Norway |
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References
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20131216121544/https://www.toughissues.org/whowereczars.htm
- ↑ https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006072846
- ↑ Darrin M. McMahon, Enemies of the Enlightenment: The French Counter-Enlightenment and the Making of Modernity (Oxford University Press, 2002) p157
