Difference between revisions of "1861"
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| − | |image_caption= | + | |image_caption=The Bombardment of Fort Sumter, starting the hostilities in the southern states' bid for secession. |
| + | |description=year 1861 | ||
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| + | == Events == | ||
| + | * [[February 8]] – [[American Civil War]]: The [[Confederate States of America]] are formed, comprising the first seven break-away States. | ||
| + | * [[February 23]] – President-elect [[Abraham Lincoln]] arrives secretly in Washington, D.C. after an [[Baltimore Plot|assassination attempt]] in [[Baltimore]]. | ||
| + | * [[February 24]] – [[Battle of Ky Hoa]]: the French and the Spanish defeat the Vietnamese.<ref>[http://www.historynet.com/1861-french-conquest-of-saigon-battle-of-the-ky-hoa-forts.htm Weider History Group: 1861 French Conquest of Saigon: Battle of the Ky Hoa Forts]. Accessed 11 March 2013</ref> | ||
| + | * [[March 3]] ([[February 19]] O.S.) – [[Emancipation reform of 1861]]: [[Serfdom]] is abolished in the [[Russian Empire]]. | ||
| + | * [[March 17]] – Italian unification: The [[Kingdom of Italy]] is proclaimed by the new Parliament, with [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy|Victor Emmanuel II]] of [[Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia|Piedmont-Sardinia]] becoming its [[Monarch|king]]. | ||
| + | * [[April 7]] – A population census is taken in the United Kingdom. | ||
| + | * [[April 12]] – The [[American Civil War]] begins with the bombardment of [[Fort Sumter]], [[South Carolina]]. | ||
| + | * [[April 13]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[Fort Sumter]] surrenders to Southern forces. | ||
| + | * [[April 27]] - President [[Abraham Lincoln]] suspends the [[writ of habeas corpus]] in the United States. | ||
| + | * [[May 13]] - [[American Civil War]]: [[Queen Victoria]] of the United Kingdom issues a "proclamation of [[neutral country|neutrality]]", which recognizes the [[Confederate States of America|breakaway states]] as having belligerent rights. | ||
| + | * [[June 15]] – [[Benito Juárez]] is formally elected President of Mexico; he temporarily stops the payments of [[foreign debt]]. | ||
| + | * [[June 25]] – [[Abdülmecid I]], [[Ottoman dynasty|Sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] ([[1839]]–1861) dies and is succeeded by [[Abdülaziz]] (1861–[[1876]]). | ||
| + | * [[July 1]] | ||
| + | ** The first issue of the [[Vatican City|Vatican]]'s newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]'' is published. | ||
| + | ** [[Taiping Rebellion]] – [[Battle of Shanghai (1861)|Battle of Shanghai]]: French and [[Qing dynasty|Imperial Chinese]] troops defeat Taiping forces. | ||
| + | * [[July 12]] – The Confederate States sign a [[Treaty with Choctaws and Chickasaws]] in [[Indian Territory in the American Civil War|Indian Territory]]. | ||
| + | * [[July 21]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[First Battle of Bull Run]]: At [[Manassas Junction, Virginia]], the first major battle of the war ends in a [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] victory. | ||
| + | * [[July 25]] – [[American Civil War]]: The [[Crittenden–Johnson Resolution]] is passed by the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]], stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union, and not to end [[slavery in the United States|slavery]]. | ||
| + | * [[August 1]] – [[The first public weather forecast]]: measured and predicted correctly by [[Admiral Robert FitzRoy.]] | ||
| + | * [[August 5]] - [[American Civil War]]: In order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government issues the first [[income tax]] as part of the [[Revenue Act of 1861]] (3% of all incomes over US$800; rescinded in [[1872]]). | ||
| + | * [[October 24]] – {{HMS|Warrior|1860|6}}, the world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled armored battleship, is completed and commissioned into the British [[Royal Navy]]. | ||
| + | * [[October 31]] - The Spanish, French and British governments sign a tripartite agreement to intervene in Mexico, in the hope of recovering unpaid debts.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131023110311/http://history.state.gov/milestones/1861-1865/FrenchIntervention </ref> | ||
| + | * [[November 6]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[Jefferson Davis]] is elected president of the [[Confederate States of America]]. | ||
| + | * [[November 5]] – The first [[Melbourne Cup]] horse race is held in [[Melbourne]], Australia. | ||
| + | * [[November 8]] – [[American Civil War]] – [[Trent Affair|''Trent'' Affair]]: The {{USS|San Jacinto|1850|6}} stops the United Kingdom mail ship ''Trent'', and arrests two [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] envoys, [[James Murray Mason|James Mason]] and [[John Slidell]], sparking a diplomatic crisis between the U.K. and U.S. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Date unknown === | ||
| + | * The [[British Empire]] establishes bases in [[Lagos]] to stop the slave trade. | ||
| + | * The [[Perpetual Truce of Peace and Friendship]] is signed [[Bahrain–United Kingdom relations|between Bahrain and the United Kingdom]]. | ||
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{{SMWDocs}} | {{SMWDocs}} | ||
| − | {{ | + | ==References== |
| + | {{Reflist}} | ||
Latest revision as of 10:17, 3 March 2021
 ( 1860s: )  1861    | |
|---|---|
 The Bombardment of Fort Sumter, starting the hostilities in the southern states' bid for secession. | |
| year 1861 |
Events
- February 8 – American Civil War: The Confederate States of America are formed, comprising the first seven break-away States.
- February 23 – President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, D.C. after an assassination attempt in Baltimore.
- February 24 – Battle of Ky Hoa: the French and the Spanish defeat the Vietnamese.[1]
- March 3 (February 19 O.S.) – Emancipation reform of 1861: Serfdom is abolished in the Russian Empire.
- March 17 – Italian unification: The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed by the new Parliament, with Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia becoming its king.
- April 7 – A population census is taken in the United Kingdom.
- April 12 – The American Civil War begins with the bombardment of Fort Sumter, South Carolina.
- April 13 – American Civil War: Fort Sumter surrenders to Southern forces.
- April 27 - President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus in the United States.
- May 13 - American Civil War: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a "proclamation of neutrality", which recognizes the breakaway states as having belligerent rights.
- June 15 – Benito Juárez is formally elected President of Mexico; he temporarily stops the payments of foreign debt.
- June 25 – Abdülmecid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1839–1861) dies and is succeeded by Abdülaziz (1861–1876).
- July 1
- The first issue of the Vatican's newspaper L'Osservatore Romano is published.
- Taiping Rebellion – Battle of Shanghai: French and Imperial Chinese troops defeat Taiping forces.
- July 12 – The Confederate States sign a Treaty with Choctaws and Chickasaws in Indian Territory.
- July 21 – American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war ends in a Confederate victory.
- July 25 – American Civil War: The Crittenden–Johnson Resolution is passed by the U.S. Congress, stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union, and not to end slavery.
- August 1 – The first public weather forecast: measured and predicted correctly by Admiral Robert FitzRoy.
- August 5 - American Civil War: In order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government issues the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US$800; rescinded in 1872).
- October 24 – Template:Ship, the world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled armored battleship, is completed and commissioned into the British Royal Navy.
- October 31 - The Spanish, French and British governments sign a tripartite agreement to intervene in Mexico, in the hope of recovering unpaid debts.[2]
- November 6 – American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is elected president of the Confederate States of America.
- November 5 – The first Melbourne Cup horse race is held in Melbourne, Australia.
- November 8 – American Civil War – Trent Affair: The Template:USS stops the United Kingdom mail ship Trent, and arrests two Confederate envoys, James Mason and John Slidell, sparking a diplomatic crisis between the U.K. and U.S.
Date unknown
- The British Empire establishes bases in Lagos to stop the slave trade.
- The Perpetual Truce of Peace and Friendship is signed between Bahrain and the United Kingdom.
Events
| Event | Start | End | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pax Brittanica | 1815 | 1915 | |
| Victorian era | 1840 | 1901 | |
| American Civil War | 1861 | 1865 | The Start of US World dominations, the Civil war saw capitalists fight capitalists in a war over tax, slavery and the question how big and kind of an imperial force the US should become on the North American continent. |
New Groups
| Group | Image | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| University of Washington |  | Public Flagship Research university | University in Seattle, Washington state |
| Chapman University |  | Research Military ranks | Private research university in California which conducts a yearly survey of what the US public fears. |
| Canada/Liberal Party |  | ||
| Vassar College |  | Private liberal arts college | Exclusive and rich New York college, traditionally for women, now co-educational. |
Births
| Title | Born | Place of birth | Died | Summary | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joseph Mansfield | 9 February 1861 | 12 July 1947 | Politician | Texas Congressman from 1917 to 1947. | |
| Halford Mackinder | 15 February 1861 | United Kingdom Gainsborough Lincolnshire | 6 March 1947 | Academic | |
| Rudolf Steiner | 27 February 1861 | Hungary Austrian Empire Murakirály | 30 March 1925 | Architect Esotericist Social reformer | |
| Basil Thomson | 21 April 1861 | 26 March 1939 | Spook Police officer Deep state operative | ||
| George Norris | 11 July 1861 | Ohio York Township Sandusky County | 2 September 1944 | Politician Lawyer | |
| Arsène Pujo | 16 December 1861 | 31 December 1939 | Activist Politician | Campaigning member of the US House of Representatives. |
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