Difference between revisions of "2015-11 Paris attacks"

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===Media comment===
 
===Media comment===
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On 15 November 2015, writer and broadcaster [[Iain Macwhirter]] wrote an article which concluded "The one thing the terrorists want is for governments to launch another [[War on Terror]], just as America did after [[9/11]]. So let’s hear no more of it. The weapon Islamic extremists fear most is tolerance".<ref>[https://iainmacwhirter.wordpress.com/2015/11/15/the-only-weapon-is-fear-is-tolerance/ "The only weapon IS fear is tolerance"]</ref> Interviewed for ''[[Russia Today]]'' by [[Afshin Rattansi]], former [[MI5]] agent [[Annie Machon]], now director of [[LEAP]], highlighted the excessive measures the intelligence agencies were engaged in following the mass murder in Paris.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ko6RTKqGgvU&feature=youtu.be "Former Intelligence Officer on Attacks in Paris"]</ref>
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On 15 November 2015, writer and broadcaster [[Iain Macwhirter]] wrote an article which concluded "The one thing the terrorists want is for governments to launch another [[War on Terror]], just as America did after [[9/11]]. So let’s hear no more of it. The weapon Islamic extremists fear most is tolerance".<ref>[https://iainmacwhirter.wordpress.com/2015/11/15/the-only-weapon-is-fear-is-tolerance/ "The only weapon IS fear is tolerance"]</ref> Interviewed for ''[[Russia Today]]'' by [[Afshin Rattansi]], former [[MI5]] agent [[Annie Machon]], now director of [[Law Enforcement Against Prohibition]] (LEAP), highlighted how the intelligence agencies were drowning in the torrent of information derived from universal surveillance instead of targeting suspects through [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clandestine_HUMINT HUMINT] following the mass murder in Paris.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ko6RTKqGgvU&feature=youtu.be "Former Intelligence Officer on Attacks in Paris"]</ref>
  
 
==Background==
 
==Background==

Revision as of 10:49, 21 November 2015

Event.png Mass murder in Paris (Deep event) Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Parisattacks.png
Locations of the attacks
Date21:16, 13 November 2015 - 00:58, 14 November 2015
LocationParis,  France,  Saint-Denis,  France 1: near,  Stade de France,  2: Rue Bichat and rue Alibert (Le Petit Cambodge,  Le Carillon) 3: Rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi (Café Bonne Bière,  La Casa Nostra),  4: The,  Bataclan,  theatre 5: Rue de Charonne (La Belle Équipe)
Blamed onAbdelhamid Abaaoud
Type• Mass shooting
• bombing
• hostage-taking
• suicide attack
Deaths139
Injured (non-fatal)352

Mass murder in Paris was perpetrated on Friday 13 November 2015, when a series of coordinated terrorist attacks — consisting of mass shootings, suicide bombings, and hostage-taking — occurred in the French capital and in Saint-Denis, one of its northern suburbs.[1]

Official narrative

Beginning at 21:16 hours (CET), there were six mass shootings in central Paris and three separate suicide bombings outside the Stade de France football stadium, where France were playing Germany.[2] The deadliest attack was at the Bataclan theatre, where attackers took hostages and engaged in a stand-off with police which ended at 00:58 hours on Saturday 14 November 2015.[3]

Victims

139 people were killed, of whom:

  • 129 immediate victims:
    • Bataclan theatre: 89[4][5]
    • Le Carillon and Le Petit Cambodge: 11
    • La Casa Nostra: 5
    • Stade de France: 6
    • La Belle Équipe: 18
  • 3 subsequent deaths
  • 7 perpetrators[6] ,[7][8]

A further 415 were admitted to hospital with injuries sustained in the attacks, including 80 who were seriously injured.[9] In addition to the victims, seven attackers died, and the authorities continued to search for any accomplices remaining at large. The attacks were the deadliest in France since the Second World War,[10][11] and the deadliest in the European Union since the Madrid train bombings in 2004.

Perpetrators

Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attacks.[12][13][14] The Islamic State has referred to the Paris attacks as a "ghazwa" (religious raid).[citation needed] When performed within the context of Islamic warfare, a ghazwa's function is to weaken and demoralise an enemy in preparation for their eventual conquest and subjugation.[15]

The Daily Mail reported Western "Security experts" as claiming that Friday's attacks may have been triggered by the reported killing of Jihadi John. by a US drone strike 24 hours earlier on Thursday 12 November 2015. However the planning, coordination and weapons/explosives distribution logistics of the attacks demonstrate that the gestation period of the attacks had to have been much more than 24 hours.[16]

On 16 November 2015, the third day of national mourning in France, the commercially-controlled media named Abdelhamid Abaaoud, a 27 year old Belgian of Moroccan origin, as the "mastermind" behind the attacks.[17] Five of the jihadis who died in the attacks have been identified, and a manhunt has been launched for Salah Abdeslam, a municipal employee in the Brussels suburb of Molenbeek, who is believed to have rented a car in Belgium used in the Paris attacks.[18]

Motive

The commercially-controlled media have predictably promoted the official motive:- the "blowback" hypothesis. The Financial Times called the bombers "Islamic extremists" who objected to Paris as a capital of "abomination and perversion"[19], while the New York Times speculated that it was retaliation against the foreign policy of François Hollande in relation to Muslims worldwide.[20] The Guardian suggested it was retaliation for French airstrikes in Syria and Iraq.[21]

Responses

The European Commission announced on 18th November a package of measures that "strengthens control of firearms across the EU".[22]

France

French President François Hollande immediately declared the attacks an "Act of War" and announced the first state of emergency since the 2005 French riots,[23] and placed temporary controls on the country's borders.[24] People and organisations expressed solidarity including through social media. President Hollande declared the attacks an "act of war",[25][26][27] and on 15 November 2015 launched France's largest single airstrike of Opération Chammal, its contribution to the anti-ISIS bombing campaign, by striking numerous targets in Al-Raqqah, Syria in retaliation.[28]

Media comment

On 15 November 2015, writer and broadcaster Iain Macwhirter wrote an article which concluded "The one thing the terrorists want is for governments to launch another War on Terror, just as America did after 9/11. So let’s hear no more of it. The weapon Islamic extremists fear most is tolerance".[29] Interviewed for Russia Today by Afshin Rattansi, former MI5 agent Annie Machon, now director of Law Enforcement Against Prohibition (LEAP), highlighted how the intelligence agencies were drowning in the torrent of information derived from universal surveillance instead of targeting suspects through HUMINT following the mass murder in Paris.[30]

Background

France's military has been involved in airstrikes in Iraq and Syria since 19 September 2014, known by the codename Operation Chammal. In October 2015, France struck targets in Syria for the first time.[31] ISIS specifically mentioned the airstrikes when they claimed responsibility for the attacks in Paris.[32]

France had been on high alert for terrorism since the Charlie Hebdo events and the Île-de-France attacks. France had also increased security in anticipation of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, scheduled to be held in Paris from 30 November to 11 December 2015, and had restored border checks a week before the attacks. The Charlie Hebdo shooting in January 2015 occurred in the 11th arrondissement of Paris, where the Bataclan theatre is situated. France witnessed other, smaller, attacks throughout 2015, including the stabbing of three soldiers in Nice guarding a Jewish community centre in February;[33] an attempt to blow up a factory in Saint-Quentin-Fallavier in June, resulting in the death of an employee;[34] and a shooting and stabbing spree on a Thalys train in August 2015.[35]

Two Jewish brothers, Pascal and Joël Laloux,[36][37] owned the Bataclan theatre for more than 40 years until they sold it in September 2015.[38] The venue had been threatened several times because of their public support of Israel. In 2011, a group calling itself "Army of Islam" threatened the theatre because of this support.[39][40][41]

Recent mass murders

The Islamic State and its branches claimed responsibility for numerous deadly attacks which took place in the weeks leading up to the mass murder in Paris. On 12 November 2015, twin suicide bombings took place in Beirut, Lebanon, killing 43 people. On 31 October 2015, Metrojet Flight 9268, carrying mostly Russian passengers crashed in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, killing 224 people, for which IS's Sinai Province reportedly claimed responsibility.[citation needed]

Other Motives

Alternative media commentators have observed that the attacks were quickly seized upon by governments as a pretext for increased expenditure on the "war on terror". Craig Murray blogged that "this kind of sickening political opportunism is the true disrespect to the innocent dead." The attacks came a fortnight before a mass demonstration in Paris, planned to take place ahead of the 2015 UN Conference on Climate Change, was banned under the state of emergency.[42]

See also

 

The Official Culprit

NameDescription
Abdelhamid AbaaoudThe official "mastermind" behind the mass murder in Paris - died conveniently in police shootout.
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References

  1. ↑ "Paris attacks: More than 100 killed in gunfire and blasts, French media say". CNN. 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  2. ↑ "Soudain, l'une des bombes explose en plein match". 20 minutes (Switzerland). Retrieved 14 November 2015. On entend clairement, sur cette vidéo, la détonation de 21h16Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  3. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  4. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  5. ↑ "Paris shootings and explosions near the Stade de France kill 18". BBC News. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  6. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  7. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  8. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  9. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  10. ↑ Fraser, Isabelle; Henderson, Barney. "Paris shooting: terrorists attack French capital – as it happened on Friday Nov 13". The Telegraph. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  11. ↑ Slaughter, Graham. "Paris on edge: Recent terror attacks in France". CTV News. CTV news. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  12. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  13. ↑ "L'organisation État islamique revendique les attentats de Paris" (in French). France 24. 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  14. ↑ "Islamic State releases official statement: 'We did it and Paris is just the start of the storm'". DiscloseTv. 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  15. ↑ Cambridge History of Islam, p. 269
  16. ↑ "Was Paris terror revenge for Jihadi John? ISIS executioner's drone death may have accelerated attacks on France, experts say"
  17. ↑ "Abdelhamid Abaaoud: What we know about the Belgian man identified as suspected 'mastermind' of Paris attacks"
  18. ↑ "Paris terror attacks: who are the suspects?"
  19. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  20. ↑ ‘This Is Because of all the Harm Done by Hollande to Muslims’, The New York Times.
  21. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  22. ↑ http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-15-6110_en.htm
  23. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  24. ↑ Dalton, Matthew; Varela, Thomas; Landauro, Inti (14 November 2015). "Paris Attacks Were an 'Act of War' by Islamic State, French President François Hollande Says". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 14 November 2015. Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attacks on a social media account, but didn't provide specific information that would allow the claim to be verified. It said the attacks were retaliation for French airstrikes against the group in Syria and Iraq.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  25. ↑ "Paris attacks: Hollande blames Islamic State for 'act of war'". BBC News. 14 November 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  26. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  27. ↑ "Hollande says Paris attacks 'an act of war' by Islamic State". Thomson Reuters Foundation. 14 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  28. ↑ Rubin, Alissa. "France Strikes ISIS Targets in Syria in Retaliation for Attacks". New York Times. Retrieved 16 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  29. ↑ "The only weapon IS fear is tolerance"
  30. ↑ "Former Intelligence Officer on Attacks in Paris"
  31. ↑ "Middle east – 'Terrorists have no passports,' French PM says of Syria air strikes". France 24. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  32. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  33. ↑ "French soldiers wounded in Nice Jewish centre attack". BBC News. 3 February 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  34. ↑ Walker, Peter; Malik, Shiv (26 June 2015). "France launches terror inquiry after decapitated body found in factory attack". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  35. ↑ Chrisafis, Angelique (22 August 2015). "France train attack: Americans overpower gunman on Paris express". The Guardian. Paris, France. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  36. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  37. ↑ "History of le Bataclan". Bataclan. Retrieved 15 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  38. ↑ {{URL|example.com|optional display text}}
  39. ↑ "Pourquoi le Bataclan est-il régulièrement visé ?". Le Point. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  40. ↑ "French mag: Bataclan an Islamist target due to Jewish owners". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  41. ↑ "Fransk magasin: – Bataclan har jødiske eiere". Aftenposten. Retrieved 14 November 2015.Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css must have content model "Sanitized CSS" for TemplateStyles (current model is "Scribunto").
  42. ↑ "A Change of Political Climate"
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