Difference between revisions of "1819"
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| + | == Events == | ||
| + | |||
| + | === January–March === | ||
| + | * January 2 – The [[Panic of 1819]], the first major peacetime [[financial crisis]] in the [[United States]], begins. | ||
| + | * February 6 – A formal treaty, between [[Hussein Shah of Johor]] and the British Sir [[Stamford Raffles]], establishes a trading settlement in [[Singapore]]. | ||
| + | * February 22 – [[Adams–Onís Treaty]]: Spain cedes [[Florida]] to the United States, in exchange for the American renunciation of any claims on [[Texas]] that it might have from the [[Louisiana Purchase]], and $5 million. | ||
| + | * March 6 – ''[[McCulloch v. Maryland]]'': The [[U.S. Supreme Court]] rules that the [[Second Bank of the United States|Bank of the United States]] is constitutional. | ||
| + | * April 7 (N.S.) (March 26 O.S.) – The [[Governorate of Livonia]] of the Russian Empire emancipates its peasants from [[serfdom]]. | ||
| + | * July 24 – A cabinet meeting is convened by British Prime Minister [[Lord Liverpool]] to discuss an investigative report of an adulterous affair involving the wife of [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George, Prince of Wales]] and regent for his ailing father. Despite reports that [[Caroline of Brunswick|Princess Caroline]] is involved with her servant, Bartolomeo Pergami, the cabinet concludes that the trial of Caroline for adultery would be an embarrassment to the nation.<ref>Saul David, ''Prince of Pleasure: The Prince of Wales and the Making of the Regency'' (Grove Press, 2000) p. 388</ref> | ||
| + | * August 7 – [[Battle of Boyacá]]: [[Simón Bolívar]] is victorious over the Royalist Army in [[Colombia]]. Colombia acquires its definitive independence from Spanish rule. | ||
| + | * August 16 – [[Peterloo Massacre]]: The cavalry charges into a crowd of radical protesters in [[Manchester]], England, resulting in 15 deaths and over 600 injuries. | ||
| + | * September 20 – The [[Carlsbad Decrees]] are issued throughout the [[German Confederation]], suppressing liberal and nationalist views. | ||
| + | * November 3 – The USS Congress, commanded by Captain [[John D. Henley]], becomes the first American warship to visit [[China]], landing at [[Nei Lingding Island|Lintin Island]], off of the coast of [[Guangzhou|Canton]].<ref>George B. Clark, ''Treading Softly: U.S. Marines in China, 1819-1949'' (Greenwood, 2001) p1</ref> | ||
| + | * November 25 – A [[Persian Gulf campaign of 1819|British expeditionary force]] reaches [[Ras Al Khaimah]] in the [[Persian Gulf]], preparatory to the bombardment and invasion of the town, which led to the signing of the [[General Maritime Treaty of 1820]] between the British and what were to become known as the [[Trucial States]]. | ||
| + | * December 17 - The [[Republic of Gran Colombia]] is formally established, with [[Simón Bolívar]] as its first president. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | === Date unknown === | ||
| + | * The [[African Slave Trade Patrol]] is founded, to stop the slave trade on the coast of West Africa. | ||
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{{SMWDocs}} | {{SMWDocs}} | ||
| − | {{ | + | ==References== |
| + | {{reflist}} | ||
Latest revision as of 08:34, 2 March 2021
 ( 1810s: )  1819    | |
|---|---|
 The Peterloo Massacre |
Contents
Events
January–March
- January 2 – The Panic of 1819, the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States, begins.
- February 6 – A formal treaty, between Hussein Shah of Johor and the British Sir Stamford Raffles, establishes a trading settlement in Singapore.
- February 22 – Adams–Onís Treaty: Spain cedes Florida to the United States, in exchange for the American renunciation of any claims on Texas that it might have from the Louisiana Purchase, and $5 million.
- March 6 – McCulloch v. Maryland: The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the Bank of the United States is constitutional.
- April 7 (N.S.) (March 26 O.S.) – The Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire emancipates its peasants from serfdom.
- July 24 – A cabinet meeting is convened by British Prime Minister Lord Liverpool to discuss an investigative report of an adulterous affair involving the wife of George, Prince of Wales and regent for his ailing father. Despite reports that Princess Caroline is involved with her servant, Bartolomeo Pergami, the cabinet concludes that the trial of Caroline for adultery would be an embarrassment to the nation.[1]
- August 7 – Battle of Boyacá: Simón Bolívar is victorious over the Royalist Army in Colombia. Colombia acquires its definitive independence from Spanish rule.
- August 16 – Peterloo Massacre: The cavalry charges into a crowd of radical protesters in Manchester, England, resulting in 15 deaths and over 600 injuries.
- September 20 – The Carlsbad Decrees are issued throughout the German Confederation, suppressing liberal and nationalist views.
- November 3 – The USS Congress, commanded by Captain John D. Henley, becomes the first American warship to visit China, landing at Lintin Island, off of the coast of Canton.[2]
- November 25 – A British expeditionary force reaches Ras Al Khaimah in the Persian Gulf, preparatory to the bombardment and invasion of the town, which led to the signing of the General Maritime Treaty of 1820 between the British and what were to become known as the Trucial States.
- December 17 - The Republic of Gran Colombia is formally established, with Simón Bolívar as its first president.
Date unknown
- The African Slave Trade Patrol is founded, to stop the slave trade on the coast of West Africa.
Events
| Event | Start | End | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pax Brittanica | 1815 | 1915 | |
| Peterloo Massacre | 16 August 1819 | 16 August 1819 |
New Groups
| Group | Image | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| University of Cincinnati |  | Public Space-grant Research university NSA Cyber Operations Centers of Academic Excellence | Designated a National Center of Academic Excellence in the Cyber Operations Program by the Department of Homeland Security |
| ESCP Europe |  | Private business school | |
| Norwich University |  | Private military college in Vermont, United States. As a senior military college, cadet corps students have the right to serve as active duty officers in the US Armed Forces upon graduation from the Reserve Officer Training Corps. | |
| Colgate University |  | Military ranks | A private liberal arts college in Hamilton, New York State. |
A Death
| Title | Born | Died | Summary | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintin Craufurd | 22 September 1743 | 23 November 1819 | Spook | British spook who worked against the French revolution. |
Births
| Title | Born | Place of birth | Died | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Ruskin | 8 February 1819 | 20 January 1900 | Philosopher Social critic | |
| Alexandrina Victoria | 24 May 1819 | London Kensington Palace | 22 January 1901 | Royalty British royal family |
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