Difference between revisions of "Western Global Airlines N545JN"

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{{event
 
{{event
 
|start=13 February 2016
 
|start=13 February 2016
−
|WP=
+
|end=13 February 2016
 +
|wikipedia=
 
|image=CIA_MD11_cash_and_body_plane.png
 
|image=CIA_MD11_cash_and_body_plane.png
 
|image_width=300px
 
|image_width=300px
 
|image_caption=A view of the dead body that was found in Harare, along with 67 tonnes of banknotes, in an apparently CIA-owned plane making what was later claimed to be a "Diplomatic Shipment".
 
|image_caption=A view of the dead body that was found in Harare, along with 67 tonnes of banknotes, in an apparently CIA-owned plane making what was later claimed to be a "Diplomatic Shipment".
 
|perpetrators=Western Global Airlines
 
|perpetrators=Western Global Airlines
−
|description=67 tons of cash and a body found on the CIA plane. Not reported by {{ccm}} in [[Europe]] or [[North America]].
+
|description=67 tons of cash and a body found on a CIA plane. Not known to have been reported by [[corporate media]] in [[Europe]] or [[North America]].
 +
|constitutes=flight, money laundering, mid-level deep event
 
}}
 
}}
−
'''Western Global Airlines Flight N545JN''' is a remarkable tale with an eyebrow raising {{on}} that a bloodstained cargo plane took off from Munich, bound for South Africa, but made an emergency landing at the [[Zimbabwe]]an capital Harare, where its cargo was discovered to be 67 tonnes of banknotes and a dead body.<ref>http://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/blood-dripping-from-plane-leads-to-body-1984427</ref> As with the 2006 bust of a [[2006 Mexico DC-9 drug bust|DC-9 carrying 5.6 tonnes of cocaine]]<ref>http://www.dea.gov/pr/speeches-testimony/2006t/ct042606p.html</ref> no prosecutions were forthcoming.
+
'''Western Global Airlines N545JN''', a [[CIA]]-connected cargo plane, flew to [[South Africa]] from [[Europe]] on 13 February [[2016]]. After initial confusion, the {{on}} became that it landed in [[Munich]], [[Germany]] (visibly bloodstained<ref name=bloodstainsvid/>) and took on a "''Diplomatic Shipment''" of 67 tonnes of banknotes intended for the [[South African Reserve Bank]]. "The plane stopped at [[Harare]] International Airport to refuel and ground handling staff noticed blood dripping from the aircraft air conditioning vault." The ''[[Africa News Agency]]'' cites a report that "a search was made and the body of an adult male fell out.”<ref>http://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/blood-dripping-from-plane-leads-to-body-1984427</ref> The plane and crew were held for a few days by [[Zimbabwe]] [[police]], but as with the 2006 bust of a [[CIA]]-connected [[2006 Mexico DC-9 drug bust|DC-9 carrying 5.6 tonnes of cocaine]],<ref>http://www.dea.gov/pr/speeches-testimony/2006t/ct042606p.html</ref> no prosecutions were forthcoming.
  
 
==Official narrative==
 
==Official narrative==
−
On February 13th 2016 a [[Western Global Airlines]] McDonnell Douglas MD-11, registration N545JN (leased to [[Network Airline Management]]) completed flight AJK-4425 from Entebbe (Uganda) to Liege (Belgium), before flying on to Munich, still as flight AJK-4425 the same day. It took on a cargo of 67 tonnes of freshly printed banknotes. As the [[South African Reserve Bank]] clarified:  
+
On February 13th 2016 a [[Western Global Airlines]] McDonnell Douglas MD-11, registration N545JN (leased to [[Network Airline Management]]) completed flight AJK-4425 from Entebbe ([[Uganda]]) to Liege ([[Belgium]]), before flying on to [[Munich]], still as flight AJK-4425 the same day. It took on 67 tonnes of freshly printed banknotes (out of its capacity of 160 tonnes)<ref>http://www.flugzeuginfo.net/acdata_php/acdata_md11_en.php</ref>. As the [[South African Reserve Bank]] later clarified:  
 
{{SMWQ
 
{{SMWQ
 
|text=The bulk of the annual production of banknotes is done locally in South Africa and a small percentage is done offshore as part of the contingency plans of the SARB. The aircraft currently detained at Harare Airport is carrying a consignment of South African banknotes that was produced overseas as part of the SARB's annual production plan.
 
|text=The bulk of the annual production of banknotes is done locally in South Africa and a small percentage is done offshore as part of the contingency plans of the SARB. The aircraft currently detained at Harare Airport is carrying a consignment of South African banknotes that was produced overseas as part of the SARB's annual production plan.
 
|authors=South African Reserve Bank
 
|authors=South African Reserve Bank
 +
|source_URL=http://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/reserve-bank-working-zim-authorities-consignment-release
 +
|source_name=South African Government News Agency
 +
|date=16 February 2016
 
}}
 
}}
−
Stains were detectable when the plane landed in Munich,<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clfjJBw2ZdM</ref> and ground staff in Munich asked about them, but believed the crew's explanation that the blood was because the plane had struck a bird.<ref name=avh/><ref>https://planeimages.net/i/zbrktS6YxX7D</ref>
+
Minor bloodstains were detectable on the side of the plane when it landed in Munich,<ref name=bloodstainsvid>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clfjJBw2ZdM</ref> and ground staff in Munich asked about them, but reportedly believed the crew's explanation that the blood was because the plane had struck a bird.<ref name=avh/><ref>https://planeimages.net/i/zbrktS6YxX7D</ref>
 
[[image:N545JN taxiing in Munich.jpg|left|thumbnail|480px|On Feb 13th 2016, N545JN taxiing in Munich, with the blood stains enlarged (Photo: Markus Schwab, a planespotter whose photograph of the aircraft in Munich showed blood stains on the right hand side of the fuselage - courtesy of the ''Aviation Herald'')]]
 
[[image:N545JN taxiing in Munich.jpg|left|thumbnail|480px|On Feb 13th 2016, N545JN taxiing in Munich, with the blood stains enlarged (Photo: Markus Schwab, a planespotter whose photograph of the aircraft in Munich showed blood stains on the right hand side of the fuselage - courtesy of the ''Aviation Herald'')]]
  
Line 23: Line 28:
  
 
===The occupants===
 
===The occupants===
−
The crew of three pilots ("led by two Americans")<ref name=severered/> and a mechanic as well as two passengers who were travelling as couriers for the diplomatic shipment.<ref name=alla>http://allafrica.com/stories/201602220932.html</ref>
+
The crew consisted of three [[pilot]]s ("led by two Americans")<ref name=severered/> and a mechanic as well as two passengers who were traveling as couriers for the diplomatic shipment.<ref name=alla>http://allafrica.com/stories/201602220932.html</ref>
 +
 
 +
===The money===
 +
The cargo of banknotes comprised 67 tonnes of [[South Africa]]n Rand.<ref>http://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/reserve-bank-working-zim-authorities-consignment-release</ref> With an exchange rate of about 15 South African Rand to the [[US Dollar]]<ref>http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=USD&To=ZAR</ref> and notes up to 200 Rand<ref>https://www.theibns.org/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=341&catid=13&Itemid=51</ref>, this could have had a face value of up to ~$2 US billion.
  
 
===The body===
 
===The body===
−
The ''[[Zimbabwe Herald]]'' reported that "the ground crew refueling the plane alerted local authorities" after noticing blood dripping from the plane. The authorities also noted that not only did the plane contain the body of a dead black man, it also had 67 tonnes of South African cash in the hold. The airline later explained that "''during a routine fuel stop in Zimbabwe, a body was found in the lower compartment. The body is presumed to be a stowaway who may have entered the airplane during a previous stop.''"<ref name=avh/> Another report suggested that he "could be a vagrant who sneaked into the aeroplane when it landed at Entebbe International Airport in [[Uganda]]."<ref name=alla/>
+
The ''[[Zimbabwe Herald]]'' reported that "the ground crew refueling the plane alerted local authorities" after noticing blood dripping from the plane. The authorities also noted that not only did the plane contain the body of a dead black man, it also had 67 tonnes of South African cash in the hold. The airline later explained that "''during a routine fuel stop in Zimbabwe, a body was found in the lower compartment. The body is presumed to be a stowaway who may have entered the airplane during a previous stop.''"<ref name=avh/> Another report suggested that he "could be a vagrant who sneaked into the aeroplane when it landed at Entebbe International Airport in [[Uganda]]."<ref name=alla/> The South African Reserve bank reported that the "body was found in the plane’s cargo hold."<ref>http://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/reserve-bank-working-zim-authorities-consignment-release</ref>
  
−
===Impounded===
+
===The outcome===
−
The plane and contents were impounded<ref>http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/africa/76923538/us-western-global-airlines-plane-impounded-in-zimbabwe-after-body-cash-found</ref> but later released, together with the crew.<ref name=severered>http://www.madcowprod.com/2016/02/22/dripping-blood-a-severed-arm-67-tons-of-cash-on-a-cia-plane/#more-11220</ref><ref>http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/africa/77107753/jet-found-with-dead-body-cash-released-after-crew-cleared</ref>  
+
The plane and contents were impounded<ref>http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/africa/76923538/us-western-global-airlines-plane-impounded-in-zimbabwe-after-body-cash-found</ref> but later released, together with the crew.<ref name=severered>http://www.madcowprod.com/2016/02/22/dripping-blood-a-severed-arm-67-tons-of-cash-on-a-cia-plane/#more-11220</ref><ref>http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/africa/77107753/jet-found-with-dead-body-cash-released-after-crew-cleared</ref> The [[Zimbabwean]] police reportedly stated that the autopsy of the body revealed no internal or external injuries, the death was result of lack of oxygen, and so finding nothing suspicious, they let the crew continue on their way.<ref name=avh/>
 +
[[image:CIA_MD11_cash_and_body_plane_side_view.jpg|right|400px|thumbnail|Ground staff gingerly approach the dead body.]]
  
−
===Released without charge===
+
==Plane History==
−
The Zimbabwean police reportedly stated that the autopsy of the body revealed no internal or external injuries, the death was result of lack of oxygen, and so finding nothing suspicious, they let the crew continue on their way.<ref name=avh/>
+
As of July 2017, [[FAA]] website indicated that it was registered to 7892 FISHER ISLAND DR, DADE, MIAMI FLORIDA.<ref>http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N545JN</ref> The owner's real name is not given, but planes of the same make and model number are registered to [[Sky Lease I Inc]] and [[Centurion Air Cargo Inc]], both of 4500 NW 36TH ST, MIAMI SPRINGS, FL 33166-6121.<ref>http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/MMS_results.aspx?Mmstxt=3023600&Statetxt=FL&conVal=0&PageNo=1</ref>
  
−
[[image:CIA_MD11_cash_and_body_plane_side_view.jpg|right|400px|thumbnail|Ground staff gingerly approach the dead body in the hold.]]
+
===Ownership===
 +
The plane was constructed in May 1995 in Long Beach, California, USA<ref name=ps>https://www.planespotters.net/airframe/McDonnell-Douglas/MD-11/48545/N545JN-Western-Global-Airlines</ref> and initially operated as '''B-16106''' by [[EVA Airways ]] from 22 June 1995. Next it  was operated as '''N106BV''' by [[Wells Fargo Bank Northwest]]  from 14 May 2008 for just 2 weeks before they sold it to [[Shanghai Airlines]], where it was operated as '''B-2179''', before being transferred to [[China Cargo Airlines]] on 1 June 2011. It was stored at Mojave Air and Space Port (California) on 17 November 2013 before being sold to [[Western Global Airlines]] on 15. Aug 2014. WGA flew it to Oscoda–Wurtsmith Airport (Michigan) and stored it there from 17th August 2014 to 26. Mar 2015, when it resumed flying.<ref name=ps/>
 +
 
 +
===Movements===
 +
Planespotters' sitings indicate it seems to pay regular visits to [[Liege]], [[Munich]] and [[Stanstead]] airports.<ref name=ps/><ref name=yt>https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=N545JN</ref> 5 days before this event, on Feb 8, 2016, the plane was videoed making a hard landing in strong winds at Stansted Airport.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8-vGgEvCIs</ref>
  
 
==Concerns==
 
==Concerns==
−
This story raises a number of concerns. Many of those questioned refused to comment or changed their stories. The "''emergency landing''" for example was later being described as a "''routine fuel stop''". The ''[[Aviation Herald]]'' published a report on 16 February 2016 which remarked that they "''met this story with disbelief. Blood dripping off the aircraft after so many hours of flight? This detail alone shot the story down at an instant.''" Their report contains little interpretation but plenty of useful details.<ref name=avh>http://avherald.com/h?article=49409531</ref>
+
This story raises a number of concerns. Many of those questioned changed their stories or just refused to provide any explanation. The "''emergency landing''" for example was later being described as a "''routine fuel stop''". The ''[[Aviation Herald]]'' published a report on 16 February 2016 which remarked that they "''met this story with disbelief. Blood dripping off the aircraft after so many hours of flight? This detail alone shot the story down at an instant.''" Their report contains little interpretation but plenty of useful details.<ref name=avh>http://avherald.com/h?article=49409531</ref>
  
 
===Cause of death===
 
===Cause of death===
−
Markus Schwab's photo appears to support the claim that Munich ground staff noticed blood stains.<ref name=avh/><ref>https://planeimages.net/i/zbrktS6YxX7D</ref> [[Daniel Hopsicker]] reported the blood stains were reported as coming from the severed arm of a dead man.<ref name=severered/> Various sources report the body in an advanced state of decay - so much so that fingerprints could not be taken<ref name=iol/> and that his age could not be estimated.<ref name=alla/> This cannot be easily reconciled with the Zimbabwean police narrative of a stowaway dying from a simple lack of oxygen.
+
Markus Schwab's photo appears to support the claim that Munich ground staff noticed blood stains.<ref name=avh/><ref>https://planeimages.net/i/zbrktS6YxX7D</ref> [[Daniel Hopsicker]] reported the blood stains were reported as coming from the severed arm of a dead man.<ref name=severered/> Various sources report the body in an advanced state of decay - so much so that [[fingerprint]]s could not be taken<ref name=iol/> and that his age could not be estimated.<ref name=alla/> This cannot be easily reconciled with the Zimbabwean police narrative of a stowaway dying from a simple lack of oxygen.
  
 
===CIA involvement===
 
===CIA involvement===
Line 47: Line 60:
 
}}
 
}}
 
==Other Unanswered Questions==
 
==Other Unanswered Questions==
−
As South African website, IOL summarised:  
+
As IOL, a South African website, summarised:  
 
{{QB|"What is the identity of the dead man; why would anyone stow away on an Africa-bound aircraft in Germany; where did he come from; and how did he end up on the large cargo aircraft?"<ref name=iol>http://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/cargo-aircraft-released-but-questions-remain-1987403</ref>}}
 
{{QB|"What is the identity of the dead man; why would anyone stow away on an Africa-bound aircraft in Germany; where did he come from; and how did he end up on the large cargo aircraft?"<ref name=iol>http://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/cargo-aircraft-released-but-questions-remain-1987403</ref>}}
−
One night also wonder, whether [[central bank]]s often move cash like this? Do any controls or written records exist? Is there any kind of oversight?
+
One might also wonder whether [[central bank]]s often move cash like this, and if so, whether any controls or written records exist? Is there any kind of oversight?
  
 +
==Cover-up==
 +
As a quick scan of the sources for this article will suggest, Western {{ccm}} was uninterested in this story.
 +
{{SMWDocs}}
  
−
==Plane movements==
 
−
5 days before this event, on Feb 8, 2016, the plane was videoed making a hard landing in strong winds at Stansted Airport.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8-vGgEvCIs</ref>
 
−
 
−
{{SMWDocs}}
 
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
{{reflist}}
 
{{reflist}}

Latest revision as of 19:20, 20 October 2021

Event.png Western Global Airlines N545JN(flight,  money laundering,  mid-level deep event) Rdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
5
CIA MD11 cash and body plane.png
A view of the dead body that was found in Harare, along with 67 tonnes of banknotes, in an apparently CIA-owned plane making what was later claimed to be a "Diplomatic Shipment".
Date13 February 2016
PerpetratorsWestern Global Airlines
Exposed byDaniel Hopsicker
Description67 tons of cash and a body found on a CIA plane. Not known to have been reported by corporate media in Europe or North America.

Western Global Airlines N545JN, a CIA-connected cargo plane, flew to South Africa from Europe on 13 February 2016. After initial confusion, the official narrative became that it landed in Munich, Germany (visibly bloodstained[1]) and took on a "Diplomatic Shipment" of 67 tonnes of banknotes intended for the South African Reserve Bank. "The plane stopped at Harare International Airport to refuel and ground handling staff noticed blood dripping from the aircraft air conditioning vault." The Africa News Agency cites a report that "a search was made and the body of an adult male fell out.”[2] The plane and crew were held for a few days by Zimbabwe police, but as with the 2006 bust of a CIA-connected DC-9 carrying 5.6 tonnes of cocaine,[3] no prosecutions were forthcoming.

Official narrative

On February 13th 2016 a Western Global Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-11, registration N545JN (leased to Network Airline Management) completed flight AJK-4425 from Entebbe (Uganda) to Liege (Belgium), before flying on to Munich, still as flight AJK-4425 the same day. It took on 67 tonnes of freshly printed banknotes (out of its capacity of 160 tonnes)[4]. As the South African Reserve Bank later clarified:

“The bulk of the annual production of banknotes is done locally in South Africa and a small percentage is done offshore as part of the contingency plans of the SARB. The aircraft currently detained at Harare Airport is carrying a consignment of South African banknotes that was produced overseas as part of the SARB's annual production plan.”
South African Reserve Bank (16 February 2016)  [5]

Minor bloodstains were detectable on the side of the plane when it landed in Munich,[1] and ground staff in Munich asked about them, but reportedly believed the crew's explanation that the blood was because the plane had struck a bird.[6][7]

On Feb 13th 2016, N545JN taxiing in Munich, with the blood stains enlarged (Photo: Markus Schwab, a planespotter whose photograph of the aircraft in Munich showed blood stains on the right hand side of the fuselage - courtesy of the Aviation Herald)

The (emergency) landing

After being denied landing in Maputo (Mozambique), the plane made what was initially referred to as an emergency landing at the Zimbabwean capital Harare[8] but which was later described as "a routine fuel stop in Zimbabwe".[6]

The occupants

The crew consisted of three pilots ("led by two Americans")[9] and a mechanic as well as two passengers who were traveling as couriers for the diplomatic shipment.[10]

The money

The cargo of banknotes comprised 67 tonnes of South African Rand.[11] With an exchange rate of about 15 South African Rand to the US Dollar[12] and notes up to 200 Rand[13], this could have had a face value of up to ~$2 US billion.

The body

The Zimbabwe Herald reported that "the ground crew refueling the plane alerted local authorities" after noticing blood dripping from the plane. The authorities also noted that not only did the plane contain the body of a dead black man, it also had 67 tonnes of South African cash in the hold. The airline later explained that "during a routine fuel stop in Zimbabwe, a body was found in the lower compartment. The body is presumed to be a stowaway who may have entered the airplane during a previous stop."[6] Another report suggested that he "could be a vagrant who sneaked into the aeroplane when it landed at Entebbe International Airport in Uganda."[10] The South African Reserve bank reported that the "body was found in the plane’s cargo hold."[14]

The outcome

The plane and contents were impounded[15] but later released, together with the crew.[9][16] The Zimbabwean police reportedly stated that the autopsy of the body revealed no internal or external injuries, the death was result of lack of oxygen, and so finding nothing suspicious, they let the crew continue on their way.[6]

Ground staff gingerly approach the dead body.

Plane History

As of July 2017, FAA website indicated that it was registered to 7892 FISHER ISLAND DR, DADE, MIAMI FLORIDA.[17] The owner's real name is not given, but planes of the same make and model number are registered to Sky Lease I Inc and Centurion Air Cargo Inc, both of 4500 NW 36TH ST, MIAMI SPRINGS, FL 33166-6121.[18]

Ownership

The plane was constructed in May 1995 in Long Beach, California, USA[19] and initially operated as B-16106 by EVA Airways from 22 June 1995. Next it was operated as N106BV by Wells Fargo Bank Northwest from 14 May 2008 for just 2 weeks before they sold it to Shanghai Airlines, where it was operated as B-2179, before being transferred to China Cargo Airlines on 1 June 2011. It was stored at Mojave Air and Space Port (California) on 17 November 2013 before being sold to Western Global Airlines on 15. Aug 2014. WGA flew it to Oscoda–Wurtsmith Airport (Michigan) and stored it there from 17th August 2014 to 26. Mar 2015, when it resumed flying.[19]

Movements

Planespotters' sitings indicate it seems to pay regular visits to Liege, Munich and Stanstead airports.[19][20] 5 days before this event, on Feb 8, 2016, the plane was videoed making a hard landing in strong winds at Stansted Airport.[21]

Concerns

This story raises a number of concerns. Many of those questioned changed their stories or just refused to provide any explanation. The "emergency landing" for example was later being described as a "routine fuel stop". The Aviation Herald published a report on 16 February 2016 which remarked that they "met this story with disbelief. Blood dripping off the aircraft after so many hours of flight? This detail alone shot the story down at an instant." Their report contains little interpretation but plenty of useful details.[6]

Cause of death

Markus Schwab's photo appears to support the claim that Munich ground staff noticed blood stains.[6][22] Daniel Hopsicker reported the blood stains were reported as coming from the severed arm of a dead man.[9] Various sources report the body in an advanced state of decay - so much so that fingerprints could not be taken[23] and that his age could not be estimated.[10] This cannot be easily reconciled with the Zimbabwean police narrative of a stowaway dying from a simple lack of oxygen.

CIA involvement

Daniel Hopsicker writes that "“Western Global Airlines” was once known as “Southern Air Transport.” The same management that brought Southern Air out of bankruptcy back in 2002 still owns it today (August 2016).[24] So the plane belongs to a CIA contractor. When Western Global started service, the airline announced - probably not tongue-in-cheek - that it would:

“serve the major cargo centers of South America, where they will be flying from Colombia to Miami carrying cut flowers.” But there’s another reason that’s the real clincher: The crisis PR firm the airline hires to release the press release did PR for the Minnesota dentist who killed “Cecil the Lion.”"[9]

Other Unanswered Questions

As IOL, a South African website, summarised:

"What is the identity of the dead man; why would anyone stow away on an Africa-bound aircraft in Germany; where did he come from; and how did he end up on the large cargo aircraft?"[23]

One might also wonder whether central banks often move cash like this, and if so, whether any controls or written records exist? Is there any kind of oversight?

Cover-up

As a quick scan of the sources for this article will suggest, Western commercially-controlled media was uninterested in this story.


Rating

5star.png 19 August 2016 Robin  67 tons of cash and a body found on a CIA plane. Western media uninterested.
This is, particularly in light of other CIA plane events linked to the global illegal drug trade, not a story which should not be allowed to slip down the memory hole.
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References

  1. ↑ a b https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clfjJBw2ZdM
  2. ↑ http://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/blood-dripping-from-plane-leads-to-body-1984427
  3. ↑ http://www.dea.gov/pr/speeches-testimony/2006t/ct042606p.html
  4. ↑ http://www.flugzeuginfo.net/acdata_php/acdata_md11_en.php
  5. ↑ http://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/reserve-bank-working-zim-authorities-consignment-release South African Government News Agency
  6. ↑ a b c d e f http://avherald.com/h?article=49409531
  7. ↑ https://planeimages.net/i/zbrktS6YxX7D
  8. ↑ http://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/blood-dripping-from-plane-leads-to-body-1984427
  9. ↑ a b c d http://www.madcowprod.com/2016/02/22/dripping-blood-a-severed-arm-67-tons-of-cash-on-a-cia-plane/#more-11220
  10. ↑ a b c http://allafrica.com/stories/201602220932.html
  11. ↑ http://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/reserve-bank-working-zim-authorities-consignment-release
  12. ↑ http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=USD&To=ZAR
  13. ↑ https://www.theibns.org/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=341&catid=13&Itemid=51
  14. ↑ http://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/reserve-bank-working-zim-authorities-consignment-release
  15. ↑ http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/africa/76923538/us-western-global-airlines-plane-impounded-in-zimbabwe-after-body-cash-found
  16. ↑ http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/africa/77107753/jet-found-with-dead-body-cash-released-after-crew-cleared
  17. ↑ http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N545JN
  18. ↑ http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/MMS_results.aspx?Mmstxt=3023600&Statetxt=FL&conVal=0&PageNo=1
  19. ↑ a b c https://www.planespotters.net/airframe/McDonnell-Douglas/MD-11/48545/N545JN-Western-Global-Airlines
  20. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=N545JN
  21. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8-vGgEvCIs
  22. ↑ https://planeimages.net/i/zbrktS6YxX7D
  23. ↑ a b http://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/cargo-aircraft-released-but-questions-remain-1987403
  24. ↑ http://www.airlineinfo.com/ostpdf89/675.pdf
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