Difference between revisions of "Cannabis"

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{{concept
 
{{concept
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis
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|type=plant, drug
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|constitutes=plant, drug
 
|image=Cannabis.jpg
 
|image=Cannabis.jpg
 
|description=Easily grown around the world, with a long history of medical and recreational use, 'weed' is the world's most popular recreational drug.
 
|description=Easily grown around the world, with a long history of medical and recreational use, 'weed' is the world's most popular recreational drug.
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|powerbase=http://www.powerbase.info/index.php/Cannabis
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|wikiquote=http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Cannabis
 
}}
 
}}
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'''Cannabis sativa''' is an easily grown plant with a long history of use for medical and recreation purposes. One of the world's most widely used drugs, as of 2016 it remains illegal in most countries of the world, with those who are caught possessing it facing harsh penalties, even including the death penalty.<ref>http://www.ccguide.org/deathpenalty.php</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20041107125819/http://www.ukcia.org/news/shownewsarticle.php?articleid=9705</ref>
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==Official narrative==
 
==Official narrative==
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[[image:killer_weed.jpg|480px|left]]
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[[image:killer_weed.jpg|480px|left|thumbnail|A shot from the 1936 cult classic ''Reefer Madness'']]
 
The [[DEA]]’s position on marijuana has remained relatively unchanged since 2011, when it produced ''The DEA Position on Marijuana''<ref>https://www.muckrock.com/foi/united-states-of-america-10/dea-csa-enforcement-in-states-with-legal-marijuana-use-10465/#file-25355</ref> which ignored the range of long established medical uses and cited “getting arrested,” “gum disease” and “disobedience” as evidence of the drug’s harm.
 
The [[DEA]]’s position on marijuana has remained relatively unchanged since 2011, when it produced ''The DEA Position on Marijuana''<ref>https://www.muckrock.com/foi/united-states-of-america-10/dea-csa-enforcement-in-states-with-legal-marijuana-use-10465/#file-25355</ref> which ignored the range of long established medical uses and cited “getting arrested,” “gum disease” and “disobedience” as evidence of the drug’s harm.
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==History==
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[[image:drug_crime_link_propaganda.jpg|right|222px]]
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[[image:marijuana_brief_study.jpg|left|222px]]
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[[image:marijuana movie poster.jpg|right|312px|thumbnail|An anti-marijuana movie poster]]
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Cannabis has a long history of use stretching back into pre-history. However, it was not widely used as an intoxicant in USA until the early 20<sup>th</sup> century. Cannabis was subject to a devoted campaign by [[Harry Anslinger]]. The propaganda materials were not only explicitly racist, but so false as to be laughable from a modern perspective - but since the US public was unfamiliar with the drug, the [[Federal Bureau of Narcotics]] was successful at demonizing it.
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Several scholars have claimed that [[Andrew Mellon]], who created the Bureau of Narcotics and put Anslinger in charge of it, may have been motivated by a desire to prevent a fall in his investments in the US timber industry. The legislation against cannabis applied equally to hemp (which has minimal psychoactive purposes), which was starting to become a potential rival to the long established use of wood pulp to produce paper. If true, this is a close parallel with [[John D. Rockefeller]]'s support of [[alcohol prohibition]] as a means of preventing ethanol threatening his petroleum monopoly.
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==Medical Marijuana==
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[[Image:Marinol.jpg|right|400px]]
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Marijuana is proven to be effective at treating a number of medical issues, including some for which no pharmaceutical alternative is available. Active ingredients from marijuana have been isolated by [[drug companies]] and sold in pill form, which is outside the remit of the [[Drug Enforcement Administration]]. [[Mike Barnes]], a neurologist who focuses on rehabilitation, was tasked in 2016 with creating a report on the evidence for cannabis for UK parliamentarians. he stated that "Cannabis is a remarkably useful drug for many chronic conditions."<ref>https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12251299</ref>
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{{YouTubeVideo
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|code=eBSqTxVPhM0
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|align=left
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}}
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===Legalisation===
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[[Medical marijuana]] has been a subject of much campaigning in recent years in USA (and worldwide) and is increasingly being legalized both in US states and worldwide. By July 2019, the majority of [[US state]]s had decriminalised marijuana for personal use.<ref><https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/455136-new-york-governor-signs-bill-decriminalizing-marijuana-use</ref> "In November of 2019, a Pew Research study revealed that 9 out of 10 Americans favor legalization of either medical or recreational/adult-use marijuana."<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthoban/2020/07/26/marijuana-legalization-may-not-be-a-blue-issue/#41dc9c6758bf</ref> Opposition has come from [[big pharma]] such as [[Insys Therapeutics]] which in 2017 donated $500,000 to try to defeat a ballot initiative that would make recreational use of [[marijuana]] legal under [[Arizona]] law.<ref>https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-09-08/fentanyl-maker-donates-big-to-campaign-opposing-pot-legalization</ref>
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===UK Home Office===
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The [[UK Home Office]] stated that they recognise "that people with chronic [[pain]] and debilitating illnesses are looking to alleviate their symptoms. However, it is important that [[medicines]] are thoroughly tested to ensure they meet rigorous standards before being placed on the market, so that doctors and patients are assured of their efficacy, quality and safety."<ref>https://www.thecanary.co/discovery/news-discovery/2018/06/11/a-mum-just-risked-arrest-to-get-her-son-life-changing-medication/</ref>
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===DEA's Profiteering===
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[[Jesse Ventura]] termed the [[DEA]] "Judge and Jury on Marijuana", after their unilateral decision that cannabis should remain in the same legal classification as [[heroin]] - deadly, addictive and with no known medical value. He observed that it was obvious that they would do this to protect their income stream.<ref>http://www.counterpunch.org/2016/08/19/the-dea-judge-and-jury-on-marijuana/</ref>
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==War on Drugs==
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{{FA|War On Drugs}}
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[[image:pot smokers in prison.jpg|left|333px]]
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After having waged a "[[war on drugs]]" (including cannabis) for decades, many nations are legalising or decriminalising it.
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===Legalisation===
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[[image:Cannabis_legal_status.svg|right|555px|Legal status of cannabis in August 2018]]
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As of 2017 cannabis was legal in only a few countries, such as [[Uruguay]] and [[South Africa]]. The next few years saw several countries decriminialise it.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/feb/28/malawi-legalises-cannabis-amid-hopes-of-fresh-economic-growth</ref>
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===Europe===
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Several countries, such as [[Portugal]], the [[Netherlands]] and almost all of [[South America]] have ''de facto'' decriminalised cannabis
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===US===
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Stiff sentences for use of cannabis, combined with mandatory minimums, created a dramatic rise in the number of prisoners in US prisons, of which cannabis users form a considerable proportion. Alleviating prison overcrowding is one argument used in favour of legalisation of cannabis.
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In USA, many states have legalised cannabis for medical purposes, and in July 2017, [[Nevada]] became the fifth US state to legalise marijuana for recreational purposes.<ref>https://whowhatwhy.org/2017/07/15/nevada-welcomes-marijuana-jeff-sessions-not/</ref> Several other states were exploring legalisation or decriminalisation options.<ref>http://thegolder.com/legalizing-pot-fo-sc-medical-use-could-bring-unintended-consequences-2/</ref> By January 2019, 2/3 of US adults favoured legalisation and ten US states had legalised cannabis use for adults.<ref>https://triblive.com/opinion/featuredcommentary/14494606-74/john-stossel-legal-weed-is-no-disaster</ref>
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===Canada===
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[[Canada]] is legalised cannabis in October 2018, although it was still subject to some legal restrictions.<ref>https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2018/10/17/pot-stocks-canada-legalizes-marijuana/1668186002/</ref>
 
{{SMWDocs}}
 
{{SMWDocs}}
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{{Stub}}
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==References==
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{{reflist}}

Latest revision as of 04:41, 10 April 2024

Concept.png Cannabis 
(plant,  drug) PowerbaseRdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Cannabis.jpg
Interest of• Sue Grey
• Martin A Lee
• Bob Marley
• Salem News
Easily grown around the world, with a long history of medical and recreational use, 'weed' is the world's most popular recreational drug.

Cannabis sativa is an easily grown plant with a long history of use for medical and recreation purposes. One of the world's most widely used drugs, as of 2016 it remains illegal in most countries of the world, with those who are caught possessing it facing harsh penalties, even including the death penalty.[1][2]

Official narrative

A shot from the 1936 cult classic Reefer Madness

The DEA’s position on marijuana has remained relatively unchanged since 2011, when it produced The DEA Position on Marijuana[3] which ignored the range of long established medical uses and cited “getting arrested,” “gum disease” and “disobedience” as evidence of the drug’s harm.

History

Drug crime link propaganda.jpg
Marijuana brief study.jpg
An anti-marijuana movie poster

Cannabis has a long history of use stretching back into pre-history. However, it was not widely used as an intoxicant in USA until the early 20th century. Cannabis was subject to a devoted campaign by Harry Anslinger. The propaganda materials were not only explicitly racist, but so false as to be laughable from a modern perspective - but since the US public was unfamiliar with the drug, the Federal Bureau of Narcotics was successful at demonizing it.

Several scholars have claimed that Andrew Mellon, who created the Bureau of Narcotics and put Anslinger in charge of it, may have been motivated by a desire to prevent a fall in his investments in the US timber industry. The legislation against cannabis applied equally to hemp (which has minimal psychoactive purposes), which was starting to become a potential rival to the long established use of wood pulp to produce paper. If true, this is a close parallel with John D. Rockefeller's support of alcohol prohibition as a means of preventing ethanol threatening his petroleum monopoly.

Medical Marijuana

Marinol.jpg

Marijuana is proven to be effective at treating a number of medical issues, including some for which no pharmaceutical alternative is available. Active ingredients from marijuana have been isolated by drug companies and sold in pill form, which is outside the remit of the Drug Enforcement Administration. Mike Barnes, a neurologist who focuses on rehabilitation, was tasked in 2016 with creating a report on the evidence for cannabis for UK parliamentarians. he stated that "Cannabis is a remarkably useful drug for many chronic conditions."[4]

Legalisation

Medical marijuana has been a subject of much campaigning in recent years in USA (and worldwide) and is increasingly being legalized both in US states and worldwide. By July 2019, the majority of US states had decriminalised marijuana for personal use.[5] "In November of 2019, a Pew Research study revealed that 9 out of 10 Americans favor legalization of either medical or recreational/adult-use marijuana."[6] Opposition has come from big pharma such as Insys Therapeutics which in 2017 donated $500,000 to try to defeat a ballot initiative that would make recreational use of marijuana legal under Arizona law.[7]


UK Home Office

The UK Home Office stated that they recognise "that people with chronic pain and debilitating illnesses are looking to alleviate their symptoms. However, it is important that medicines are thoroughly tested to ensure they meet rigorous standards before being placed on the market, so that doctors and patients are assured of their efficacy, quality and safety."[8]

DEA's Profiteering

Jesse Ventura termed the DEA "Judge and Jury on Marijuana", after their unilateral decision that cannabis should remain in the same legal classification as heroin - deadly, addictive and with no known medical value. He observed that it was obvious that they would do this to protect their income stream.[9]

War on Drugs

Full article: War On Drugs
Pot smokers in prison.jpg

After having waged a "war on drugs" (including cannabis) for decades, many nations are legalising or decriminalising it.

Legalisation

Legal status of cannabis in August 2018

As of 2017 cannabis was legal in only a few countries, such as Uruguay and South Africa. The next few years saw several countries decriminialise it.[10]

Europe

Several countries, such as Portugal, the Netherlands and almost all of South America have de facto decriminalised cannabis

US

Stiff sentences for use of cannabis, combined with mandatory minimums, created a dramatic rise in the number of prisoners in US prisons, of which cannabis users form a considerable proportion. Alleviating prison overcrowding is one argument used in favour of legalisation of cannabis.

In USA, many states have legalised cannabis for medical purposes, and in July 2017, Nevada became the fifth US state to legalise marijuana for recreational purposes.[11] Several other states were exploring legalisation or decriminalisation options.[12] By January 2019, 2/3 of US adults favoured legalisation and ten US states had legalised cannabis use for adults.[13]

Canada

Canada is legalised cannabis in October 2018, although it was still subject to some legal restrictions.[14]

 

Related Document

TitleTypePublication dateAuthor(s)Description
File:Cannabis comparative risk assessment.pdfReport30 January 2015Jürgen Rehm
Dirk Lachenmeier		Comparative risk assessment of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other illicit drugs using the margin of exposure approach
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References

  1. ↑ http://www.ccguide.org/deathpenalty.php
  2. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20041107125819/http://www.ukcia.org/news/shownewsarticle.php?articleid=9705
  3. ↑ https://www.muckrock.com/foi/united-states-of-america-10/dea-csa-enforcement-in-states-with-legal-marijuana-use-10465/#file-25355
  4. ↑ https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12251299
  5. ↑ <https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/455136-new-york-governor-signs-bill-decriminalizing-marijuana-use
  6. ↑ https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthoban/2020/07/26/marijuana-legalization-may-not-be-a-blue-issue/#41dc9c6758bf
  7. ↑ https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-09-08/fentanyl-maker-donates-big-to-campaign-opposing-pot-legalization
  8. ↑ https://www.thecanary.co/discovery/news-discovery/2018/06/11/a-mum-just-risked-arrest-to-get-her-son-life-changing-medication/
  9. ↑ http://www.counterpunch.org/2016/08/19/the-dea-judge-and-jury-on-marijuana/
  10. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/feb/28/malawi-legalises-cannabis-amid-hopes-of-fresh-economic-growth
  11. ↑ https://whowhatwhy.org/2017/07/15/nevada-welcomes-marijuana-jeff-sessions-not/
  12. ↑ http://thegolder.com/legalizing-pot-fo-sc-medical-use-could-bring-unintended-consequences-2/
  13. ↑ https://triblive.com/opinion/featuredcommentary/14494606-74/john-stossel-legal-weed-is-no-disaster
  14. ↑ https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2018/10/17/pot-stocks-canada-legalizes-marijuana/1668186002/
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