Difference between revisions of "Hans Köchler"

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|image_caption=Dr Hans Köchler, UN Observer at the [[Lockerbie Bombing|Lockerbie trial]]
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|image_caption=Dr Hans Köchler, UN Observer at the [[Pan Am Flight 103|Lockerbie trial]]
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|description=president of the International Progress Organisation,
 
|birth_date=18 October 1948
 
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'''Hans Köchler'''is a professor of philosophy at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, and president of the [[International Progress Organisation]], a non-governmental organisation in consultative status with the [[United Nations]]. In his general philosophical outlook he is influenced by Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, his legal thinking has been shaped by the approach of Hans Kelsen. Köchler has made major contributions to phenomenology<ref>''Die Subjekt-Objekt-Dialektik in der transzendentalen Phänomenologie. Das Seinsproblem zwischen Idealismus und Realismus''. Meisenheim a. G.: Anton Hain, 1974. ISBN 3-445-01125-7</ref><ref>''Phenomenological Realism''. Frankfurt a. M./Bern: Peter Lang, 1986. ISBN 3-8204-8794-8</ref> and philosophical anthropology<ref>''Der innere Bezug von Anthropologie und Ontologie. Das Problem der Anthropologie im Denken Martin Heideggers''. Meisenheim a. G.: Anton Hain, 1974. ISBN 3-445-01072-2</ref> and has developed a hermeneutics of trans-cultural understanding <ref>[http://hanskoechler.com/Koechler-Kulturelles_Selbstverstaendnis_und_Koexistenz-1972.pdf "Kulturelles Selbstverständnis und und Koexistenz: Voraussetzungen für einen fundamentalen Dialog"] (1972), in: ''Philosophie und Politik: Dokumentation eines interdisziplinären Seminars''. Innsbruck: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Wissenschaft und Politik, 1973, pp. 75-78.</ref> that has influenced the discourse on the dialogue of civilisations (a term which he used for the first time in 1972),<ref>[http://www.i-p-o.org/Koechler-letter-UNESCO-26Sep1972.jpg Letter, dated 26 September 1972, addressed to the Director of the Division of Philosophy of UNESCO, Ms. Marie-Pierre Herzog], in which Köchler suggested the holding of an international conference to study the problems of a dialogue between different civilisations ("dialogue entre les différentes civilisations"). Subsequently, in 1974, he organized an international conference on [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN3771103118&id=YI_nZjqwPIYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:3771103118&sig=Sz7RO6sk3FV0Kf_VqxDlC15mhdA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false "The Cultural self-comprehension of Nations"].</ref> particularly as regards the relations between Islam and the West.<ref>"The Dialogue of Civilizations: Philosophical Basis, Current State and Prospects," in: ''Asia Europe Journal'', Vol. 1, No. 3 (August 2003), pp. 315-320.</ref><ref>[http://www.futureislam.com/20060107/insight/drhans/Civilization_As_Instrument_of_World_Order.asp ''Civilization as Instrument of World Order?'' Future Islam, New Delhi, July/August 2006]</ref> Köchler's research in political and legal philosophy — combined with his involvement with the UN — has resulted in a fundamental critique of the state-centered international system and in specific proposals for the democratisation of the United Nations Organisation<ref>''Democracy and the International Rule of Law. Propositions for an Alternative World Order''. Selected Papers Published on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations. Vienna/New York: Springer, 1995. ISBN 3-211-82764-1</ref> and for a viable system of international criminal justice.<ref>''Global Justice or Global Revenge? International Criminal Justice at the Crossroads''. SpringerScience. Vienna/New York: Springer, 2003. ISBN 3-211-00795-4</ref> He has long worked on the philosophical basis of international relations.
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'''Hans Köchler''' is a professor of philosophy at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, and president of the [[International Progress Organisation]], a non-governmental organisation (NGO) in consultative status with the [[United Nations]].
  
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Dr Hans Köchler came to prominence in the world of international politics when he was nominated by the then [[UN Secretary-General]] [[Kofi Annan]] as an observer at the [[Pan Am Flight 103]] bombing trial, which was held at Camp Zeist in the Netherlands (May 2000 to January 2001).<ref>[http://i-p-o.org/lockerbie_observer_mission.htm "International Observer Mission of the President of the International Progress Organisation Dr Hans Koechler at the Scottish Court in the Netherlands"]</ref>
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Hans Köchler's Lockerbie trial observer mission stemmed from the dispute between the United Kingdom, the United States, and [[Libya]] concerning arrangements for the trial of two Libyans [[Lamin Khalifah Fhimah]] and [[Abdelbaset al-Megrahi]] accused of causing the explosion of [[Pan Am Flight 103]] over Lockerbie on 21 December 1988.
  
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In 2001, Dr Köchler produced a report on and evaluation of the Lockerbie trial,<ref>[http://i-p-o.org/lockerbie-report.htm "Köchler's report on and evaluation of the Lockerbie trial"]</ref> which was followed by his report on the appeal proceedings at the Scottish Court in the Netherlands in 2002.<ref>[http://i-p-o.org/koechler-lockerbie-appeal_report.htm "Köchler's report on the appeal proceedings at the Scottish Court in the Netherlands"]</ref>
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The dispute was resolved on the basis of legally binding [[UN Security Council]] Resolution 1192 of 27 August 1998.<ref>http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/1998/scres98.htm </ref>
  
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==Early life and academic career==
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==UN-nominated observers==
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In his student years, Hans Köchler was actively involved as a Board Member of the European Forum Alpbach and established contacts with leading European intellectuals and philosophers such as Manès Sperber, Hans-Georg Gadamer and Rudi Supek of the Praxis school who he invited to his lecture series that he organised from 1969 onwards.<ref>[http://hanskoechler.com/Innsbruck_Lectures.htm Innsbruck Lectures 1969-1989]</ref> At the beginning of the 1970s, he had joined the team around Otto Molden, the founder of the European Forum Alpbach. These were his formative philosophical years; he initially developed an interest in existential philosophy, transcendental philosophy and phenomenology. In particular, he undertook an epistemological critique of Husserl's transcendental idealism]<ref>"The 'A priori' Moment of the Subject-Object-Dialectic in Transcendental Phenomenology: The Relationship between 'A priori' and 'Ideality'," in: ''Analecta Husserliana'', Vol. 3 (1974), pp. 183-198.</ref>  and interpreted Heidegger's philosophy of Being in the sense of social critique,<ref>''Skepsis und Gesellschaftskritik im Denken Martin Heideggers''. Meisenheim a. G.: Anton Hain, 1978. ISBN 3-445-01381-0</ref> opening up—in the Cold War era—a dialogue with humanist philosophers of the Praxis school in Yugoslavia and in Czechoslovakia.<ref>See correspondence with Rudi Supek in the archive of ''Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Wissenschaft und Politik'', University of Innsbruck, Austria.</ref> As a doctoral student, he also had met in Alpbach with Ernst Bloch, Arthur Koestler and Karl Popper.
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UNSCR 1192 "welcomed" "the initiative for the trial of the two [Libyan] persons charged with the bombing of [[Pan Am Flight 103]] ... before a Scottish court sitting in the Netherlands" and "invited" the [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] "to nominate international observers to attend the trial". By a letter dated 28 October 1997, the Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom had informed the Secretary-General "that the United Kingdom would welcome the presence of international observers from the United Nations at the trial of the suspects in the [[Pan Am Flight 103|Lockerbie bombing]]".<ref>http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/committees/LibyanArabJamahiriya/6372e.html</ref> At a UN press conference on 5 April 1999, Secretary-General [[Kofi Annan]], in reply to a journalist's question, said: "Well, there are provisions for international observers, and this is something that we will need to work out. There have been suggestions that there could be international observers from various organisations, from the Arab League, from the OAU, from the Non-Aligned Movement and all that. But we are going to coordinate that and make sure that there is an effective international presence during the trial, to monitor ... "<ref>http://ftp.fas.org/irp/news/1999/04/19990405_sgsm6944.htm |title=UN Press Release of 5&nbsp;April 1999, SG/SM/6944 </ref>
  
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In 1972, Köchler graduated at the University of Innsbruck with a doctor degree in philosophy (D.Phil.) with highest honours ("sub auspiciis praesidentis rei publicae"). In the years following his graduation he expanded his scholarly interest to philosophy of law and later political philosophy.<ref>''Philosophie - Recht - Politik''. Vienna/New York: Springer, 1985. ISBN 0-387-81899-5</ref> Since the early 1970s he has been promoting the idea of inter-cultural dialogue which — since the last decade — has become known under the slogan of ''dialogue of civilisations''. Köchler first outlined his hermeneutical philosophy of dialogue and his concept of ''cultural self-comprehension'' in lectures at the University of Innsbruck (1972)<ref>''Kulturelles Selbstverständnis und Koexistenz: Voraussetzungen für einen fundamentalen Dialog'' (Cultural Self-comprehension and Co-existence: Preconditions of Fundamental Dialogue), in: ''Philosophie und Politik. Dokumentation eines interdisziplinären Seminars''. Innsbruck: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Wissenschaft und Politik, 1973, pp. 75-78. In this text he coined the term "dialogue of cultures".</ref> and at the Royal Scientific Society in Amman, Jordan, in March 1974 <ref>Text of the lecture: ''Cultural-Philosophical Aspects of International Cooperation''. Studies in  International Cultural Relations, II. Vienna: International Progress Organization, 1978.</ref> and discussed that notion in a tour around the world (March–April 1974) for which he got support and encouragement from Austrian Foreign Minister Rudolf Kirchschläger (later to become President of Austria) and in the course of which he met with intellectuals and political leaders on all continents. Among his interlocutors were Yussef el-Sebai, Minister of Culture of Egypt,<ref>''Al Ahram'', Cairo, 15 March 1974.</ref> Professor S. Nurul Hasan, Minister of Education, Social Welfare and Culture of India, Prince Subhadradis Diskul of Thailand, Charoonphan Israngkul Na Ayudhya, Foreign Minister of Thailand, Prof. Ida Bagus Mantra, Director-General for Culture of Indonesia, and the President of Senegal, Léopold Sédar Senghor.<ref>See the article published in ''Le Soleil'', Dakar, 27 April 1974: [http://hanskoechler.com/le-soleil-27apr74.htm "L'Europe a beaucoup à apprendre ..."]</ref> In recognition of his contribution to the dialogue among civilisations he received an honorary doctor degree (Doctor of Humanities honoris causa) from the Mindanao State University (Philippines) (2004).<ref>"MSU confers award on Austrian Professor," ''Manila Bulletin'', Manila, Philippines, 28 September 2004.</ref> In 2012 he received an honorary doctor degree from the [http://www.armspu.am/home/ln/en Armenian State Pedagogical University].
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In a letter dated 25 April 2000, addressed to the President of the Security Council, Secretary-General [[Kofi Annan]] nominated five international observers, one each from the European Union, the Arab League, and jointly from the Organisation of African Unity and the Non-Aligned Movement, and two from Köchler's International Progress Organisation, a Vienna-based NGO in consultative status with the United Nations.<ref>http://www.i-p-o.org/nomination-observers.pdf </ref>
  
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In 1982 he was appointed as University Professor of Philosophy (with special emphasis on Political Philosophy and Philosophical Anthropology) at the University of Innsbruck. From 1990 until 2008 he has served as Chairman of the Department of Philosophy at the University of Innsbruck (Austria). At his University, Professor Köchler also has acted as Chairperson of the ''Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Wissenschaft und Politik'' (Working Group for Sciences and Politics) since 1971; he was a member of the Doctoral Grants Committee of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (2000–2006) and is Life Fellow—since 2010 Co-President—of the International Academy for Philosophy. Since 2010 he is also a member of the Advisory Board of the Indian Yearbook of International Law and Policy.
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==Reports on the trial and appeal==
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Hans Köchler was the only international observer to submit comprehensive reports on the [[Pan Am Flight 103|Lockerbie trial]] and appeal proceedings to the [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] who, in turn, forwarded them to the Registrar of the Scottish Court in the Netherlands. Köchler's reports were highly critical of the proceedings and challenged the fairness and impartiality of the High Court of Justiciary. Their publication triggered a large-scale international debate, including in the British House of Commons,<ref>http://i-p-o.org/report-House-of-Commons.htm </ref> about the politicisation of criminal trials in the context of power politics. Köchler had characterised the initial trial verdict of 31 January 2001 (which had led to the acquittal of one of the two accused Libyans) as "inconsistent" and "arbitrary". On the day of the announcement of the appeal verdict (14 March 2002) he described the dismissal of the convicted Libyan national's appeal as a "spectacular miscarriage of justice".<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/1872996.stm </ref>
  
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Additional professorships:
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==Second Lockerbie appeal==
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*Visiting Professor at the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (1998).
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Upon publication on 28 June 2007 of a summary of a report by the [[Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission]], which took four years to review [[Abdelbaset al-Megrahi]]'s case and granted him leave for a second appeal against conviction, Köchler issued a statement in which he expressed surprise at the Commission's focus and apparent bias in favour of the judicial establishment in Scotland:
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*Visiting Professorial Lecturer at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila (since 2004).
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:"In giving exoneration to the police, prosecutors and forensic staff, I think they show their lack of independence. No officials to be blamed: simply a Maltese shopkeeper."<ref>[http://www.theherald.co.uk/news/other/display.var.1506988.0.0.php "This could open a can of worms for the entire Scottish justice system"] ''Glasgow Herald'' 28 June 2007</ref>
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*Honorary Professor of Philosophy at [http://www.pamukkale.edu.tr Pamukkale University], Turkey (since 2008).<ref>[http://www.stargazete.com/guncel/pamukkale-universitesinden-buyuk-jest-137773.htm ''Star Gazete'', Istanbul, Turkey, 16 October 2008].</ref>
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He called for the full report of the [[SCCRC]] to be published, for a full and independent public inquiry into the [[Pan Am Flight 103|Lockerbie bombing]] case and for the proceedings of the Court of Criminal Appeal to be witnessed by international observers.<ref>http://i-p-o.org/koechler-lockerbie-referral-29June2007.htm </ref>
  
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Köchler is the recipient of numerous honours and awards such as the History Medal of the Austrian College Society; the award "Apostle of International Understanding" (Unity International Foundation, India); the Honorary Medal of the International Peace Bureau (Geneva); the Honorary Medal of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines; the Royal Datoship of the Sultanate of Marawi (Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao); the Medal of David the Invincible by the Armenian Philosophical Academy. On 18 October 2003 the [[Hans Koechler]] Political and Philosophical Society was established in the Philippines.<ref>"Society for Promotion of Global Understanding and Peace in International Relations and Rule of Law launched," ''Manila Bulletin'', Manila, Philippines, 23 November 2004.</ref>
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===Public Inquiry===
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On 4 July 2007, Hans Köchler wrote to Scottish first minister, [[Alex Salmond]], British foreign secretary, [[David Miliband]], home secretary, Jacqui Smith and minister for Africa, Asia and the UN, [[Mark Malloch Brown]], reiterating his call for a public inquiry into the Lockerbie case and insisting that UN-appointed legal experts (from countries other than the UK, US and Libya) should be involved in  
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such an Inquiry.<ref>http://i-p-o.org/IPO-nr-Lockerbie-04July07.htm</ref>
  
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==Research==
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===UN Inquiry===
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During the 1970s, he co-operated with Cardinal Karol Wojtyła of Kraków, later to become Pope John Paul II, within the framework of the International Society for Phenomenology.<ref>See Nancy Mardas Billias and Agnes B. Curry in: ''Karol Wojtyla's Philosophical Legacy''. Washington, DC: The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy, 2008, pp. 6-7.</ref> He published the first comment articles on the future Pope's anthropological conception.<ref>E.g. "The Dialectical Conception of Self-determination. Reflections on the Systematic Approach of Karol Wojtyla," in: ''Analecta Husserliana'', Vol. 6 (1977), pp. 75-80.</ref> During the 1980s he engaged in a critique of legal positivism (''Philosophie—Recht—Politik'', 1985) and developed a theory according to which human rights are the basis of the validity of international law (''Die Prinzipien des Völkerrechts und die Menschenrechte'', 1981). He also dealt with the applicability of democracy in inter-state relations (''Democracy in International Relations'', 1986). Legal theory led him to questions of political philosophy, and in particular a critique of the representative paradigm of democracy. During the 1990s Köchler got increasingly involved in questions of world order—including the role and philosophical foundations of civilizational dialogue—and in what he has called the dialectic relationship between power and law. On the basis of these reflections, he made major proposals for the reform of the United Nations Organisation, in particular the Security Council, and for a comprehensive system of international criminal justice.
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In October 2007, former diplomat [[Patrick Haseldine]] submitted this e-petition to prime minister [[Gordon Brown]]: ''"We the undersigned petition the Prime Minister to support calls for a United Nations Inquiry into the death of [[UN Commissioner for Namibia]], [[Bernt Carlsson]], in the 1988 [[Pan Am Flight 103|Lockerbie bombing]]."''
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:Dr Hans Koechler, UN observer at the [[Pan Am Flight 103]] bombing trial, has described Mr [[Megrahi|al-Megrahi]]'s conviction as a 'spectacular miscarriage of justice'. If, as now seems inevitable, the Libyan's conviction is overturned on appeal, Libya will be exonerated and a new investigation is going to be required.
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:Apartheid [[South Africa]] is the prime alternative suspect for the [[Pan Am Flight 103|Lockerbie bombing]] - see [[The How, Why and Who of Pan Am Flight 103#Unlawful baggage switch|South Africa luggage swap theory]].
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:We understand that, when Libya takes its seat at the [[UN Security Council]] in January 2008, there will be calls for an immediate United Nations Inquiry into the death of [[UN Commissioner for Namibia]], [[Bernt Carlsson]], in the 1988 [[Pan Am Flight 103|Lockerbie bombing]]. The other 14 UNSC members — including Britain — should support such an Inquiry and nominate Dr Koechler to conduct it.<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110412161239/http://petitions.number10.gov.uk/UNInquiry/ "UN Inquiry into the death of UN Commissioner for Namibia, Bernt Carlsson, in the 1988 Lockerbie bombing"]</ref>
  
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Köchler's bibliography contains more than 380 books, reports and scholarly articles in several languages (Albanian, Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Persian, Spanish, Serbo-Croat, Turkish). His publications deal with issues of phenomenology, existential philosophy, anthropology, human rights, philosophy of law, theory of international law, international criminal law, United Nations reform, theory of democracy, etc. He acts as editor of the series ''Studies in International Relations'' (Vienna), ''Veröffentlichungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Wissenschaft und Politik'' (Innsbruck), and as member of the Editorial Board of the international academic journal ''Hekmat va Falsafeh'' (Wisdom and Philosophy), published by the Philosophy Department of Allameh Tabatabaii University, Iran.
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==="Intelligence Operation"===
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In the June 2008 edition of the Scottish lawyers' magazine ''The Firm'', Köchler referred to the 'totalitarian' nature of the second Lockerbie appeal process saying it "bears the hallmarks of an 'intelligence operation'."<ref>[http://www.thefirmmagazine.com/news/901/UN_Observer_to_the_Lockerbie_Trial_says_%E2%80%98totalitarian%E2%80%99_appeal_process_bears_the_hallmarks_of_an_%E2%80%9Cintelligence_operation%E2%80%9D_.html UN Observer to the Lockerbie Trial says 'totalitarian' appeal process bears the hallmarks of an "intelligence operation"]</ref>
  
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Köchler has served in several committees and expert groups dealing with issues of international democracy, human rights and development such as the Research Network on Transnational Democracy sponsored by the European Commission; the Council of Europe's Expert Group on Democratic Citizenship (1998–2000); and the Asia-Europe Foundation’s expert meeting on Cultural, Religious and Social Conceptions of Justice in Asia & Europe (Singapore, 2004).
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==Wide-ranging debate==
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Hans Köchler's reports as UN-appointed international observer of one of the most controversial criminal trials in British history have led to a global debate on the role of NGO observers in the context of international criminal justice.<ref>http://hanskoechler.com/Cambodia_trials-Rogers-2006-excerpt.pdf</ref>
  
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==Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)==
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Through his novel and pro-active interpretation of his assignment as UN-appointed international observer,<ref>http://i-p-o.org/Lockerbie-statement-koechler.htm</ref> he has redefined the role of observers in the context of international criminal justice. His reports have been published as landmark documents of international law in collections such as that of the Peace Palace Library of the [[International Court of Justice]]. His experience as observer of the Lockerbie trial led him to write the book "Global Justice or Global Revenge?" (2003) in which he describes the challenges faced by international criminal justice under the conditions of power politics and draws general conclusions in terms of the doctrine of international law.
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Köchler is the Founder and President (since 1972) of the International Progress Organisation (I.P.O.), an international non-governmental organisation (NGO) in consultative status with the United Nations and with a membership in over 70 countries, representing all continents. He was the founder and Secretary-General (1973-1977) of Euregio Alpina (Study Group for the Alpine Region), a transnational planning structure for the Alpine region and predecessor of the new concept of the "Euro Regions" in the framework of the European Union. During the 1970s and 1980s Köchler participated in the international phenomenological movement and organised several conferences and colloquia on the phenomenology of the life-world; he was the organiser of the Eighth International Phenomenological Conference in Salzburg (1980) and is the co-founder of the Austrian Society of Phenomenology.
 
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Other activities or functions:<ref>Source: ''Hans Köchler Bibliography and Reader''. Manila, 2007. ISBN 978-971-93698-0-6</ref>
 
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*Coordinator of the International Committee for Palestinian Human Rights (ICPHR) (1988–);
 
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*Co-founder of the European Ombudsman Institute (1988);
 
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*Vice-Chairman of the Jamahir Society for Culture and Philosophy and Chairman of the Society's Editorial Board, Vienna (1991–2004);
 
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*Member of the Board, NGO Committee on Development at the United Nations Center in Vienna (1994–);
 
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*Member of the Advisory Council of the International Movement for a Just World (Malaysia) (1997–);
 
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*Convenor (Austria) of the International Movement for a Just World (JUST) (1997–2004);
 
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*Member of the International Advisory Panel of the Center for Civilizational Dialogue at the University of Malaya (Kuala Lumpur) (1997–);
 
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*Member of the International Advisory Council of the Committee for a Democratic United Nations, Germany (2003–);
 
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*Member of the International Advisory Board of the "Youth for the Alliance of Civilisations," an initiative of the Islamic Conference Youth Forum for Dialogue and Cooperation (2007–).
 
  
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==International impact==
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In September 2008, following a meeting organised by the Lockerbie Justice Group at Greshornish House on the Isle of Skye, Köchler and [[Professor Robert Black]] called for a new public inquiry into the [[Pan Am Flight 103|Lockerbie bombing]].<ref>http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/scotland/Legal-experts-call--for.4498100.jp </ref> Köchler said:<blockquote>"Irrespective of the outcome of the current appeal, there should be a reinvestigation of the incident by the Scottish authorities. It is extremely frustrating that with regard to such an incident just one person has been presented as the culprit and no further questions asked. Only a child would believe such a story."</blockquote>
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Köchler has been the organizer of major international conferences in the fields of transnational co-operation, democracy, human rights, terrorism, and conflict resolution, among them the "International Conference on the European Vocation of the Alpine Region" in Innsbruck (1971), which initiated transborder co-operation in Europe and the development towards the "Euro Regions" within the [[EU]]; the "International Conference on the Question of Terrorism" in Geneva (1987); and the "Second International Conference On A More Democratic United Nations" (CAMDUN-2) at the Vienna headquarters of the United Nations (1991). In 1996 he acted as Chairman of the final session and co-ordinator of the Drafting Committee of the "International Conference on Democracy and Terrorism" in New Delhi. In March 2002 he delivered the 14th Centenary Lecture at the Supreme Court of the Philippines on "The United Nations, the International Rule of Law and Terrorism." On 1 September 2004 he delivered the Foundation Day Speech at Mindanao State University, Islamic City of Marawi, on "The Dialogue of Civilizations and the Future of World Order."
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During Köchler's visit to Scotland, he met former MP and Lockerbie activist [[Tam Dalyell]], MSP Alex Neil and [[Iain McKie]], father of Scottish policewoman [[Shirley McKie]]. On 18 September 2008, he delivered a keynote speech on the "Lockerbie Trial and the Rule of Law" organised by ''The Firm'' magazine which was held at the Glasgow Hilton Hotel. Focusing on the public interest immunity certificate deployed by the British government, Köchler said:<ref>http://i-p-o.org/IPO-nr-Lockerbie-22Sept08.htm </ref><blockquote>"Whether those in public office like it or not, the Lockerbie trial has become a test case for the criminal justice system of Scotland. At the same time, it has become an exemplary case on a global scale - its handling will demonstrate whether a domestic system of criminal justice can resist the dictates of international power politics or simply becomes dysfunctional as soon as "supreme state interests" interfere with the imperatives of justice. (...) The fairness of judicial proceedings is undoubtedly a supreme and permanent public interest. If the rule of law is to be upheld, the requirements of the administration of justice may have to take precedence over public interests of a secondary order - such as a state's momentary foreign policy considerations or commercial and trade interests. The internal stability and international legitimacy of a polity in the long term depend on whether it is able to ensure the supremacy of the law over considerations of power and convenience."</blockquote>
  
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Through his research and civil society initiatives, Professor Köchler made major contributions to the debate on international democracy and United Nations reform, in particular reform of the Security Council. This was acknowledged by international figures such as the German Foreign Minister Klaus Kinkel in 1993. In 1985, he organised the first colloquium on "Democracy in International Relations" on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the United Nations in New York. With Irish Nobel Laureate Sean MacBride he initiated the Appeal by Lawyers against Nuclear War, which set in motion an international campaign that eventually led to a General Assembly resolution and the issuing of an advisory opinion by the International Court of Justice. As President of the I.P.O. he dealt with the humanitarian issues of the exchange of prisoners of war between Iran and Iraq and with the issue of Kuwaiti POWs and missing people in Iraq. Since 1972, UN Secretaries-General in their statements subsequently acknowledged Professor Köchler's contribution to international peace.
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==Lockerbie Revisited==
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"Lockerbie Revisited" is a Dutch 50-minute documentary film from the VPRO television documentary series ''Backlight'' which was broadcast in the Netherlands on the eve of [[Abdelbaset al-Megrahi]]'s second appeal against conviction for the [[Pan Am Flight 103|Lockerbie bombing]] that started at the High Court of Justiciary in Edinburgh on 28 April 2009. The film's director, [[Gideon Levy]], narrates in Dutch and conducts interviews in English with: retired [[FBI]] officer [[Richard Marquise]]; Detective Chief Superintendent [[Stuart Henderson]] of the Scottish police; ex-[[FBI]] Crime Laboratory head [[Thomas Thurman]]; UN Observer at the Lockerbie trial Hans Köchler; author, journalist and the film's researcher [[Ian Ferguson]]; former [[CIA]] agent [[Robert Baer]]; ex-[[FBI]] laboratory scientist Fred Whitehurst and [[Lord Fraser of Carmyllie]], a former [[Lord Advocate]].<ref>[http://tegenlicht.vpro.nl/afleveringen/2008-2009/lockerbie-revisited.html "Lockerbie Revisited"] on the ''Tegenlicht'' website (in Dutch, with English-language interviews)</ref>
  
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In the framework of his activities as President of the International Progress Organisation, he co-operated with numerous international figures such as the Founder President of Senegal, Léopold Senghor, on the issue of civilisational dialogue; Crown Prince Hassan of Jordan and Cardinal Franz König of Austria on Islamic-Christian understanding;<ref>See "Message by His Eminence Cardinal Franz König, Archbishop of Vienna," in: Hans Köchler, ed., ''The Concept of Monotheism in Islam and Christianity''. Vienna: Braumüller, 1982. ISBN 3-7003-0339-4, pp. 3ff. See also "Inaugural lecture on behalf of H.R.H.Crown Prince Hassan of Jordan," op. cit., pp. 22ff.</ref> Leo Mates, Secretary-General of the first Non-Aligned summit in Belgrade in 1961, on the principles and future of the non-aligned movement (NAM);<ref>[http://i-p-o.org/pna.htm Hans Köchler, Chairman of the International Conference on the Principles of Non-alignment, with General Rapporteur Leo Mates, first from right, at the conference's opening session in Baghdad, 4 May 1982.]</ref> Field Marshal Abdul Rahman Sowar el-Dahab, former Head of State of Sudan, on matters of POW exchange and international humanitarian law; Indian President Gyani Zail Singh on issues of international peace; and Tam Dalyell, former British MP and "Father of the House of Commons", in the case of the criminal investigation into the bombing of [[Pan Am Flight 103]].
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==References==
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{{reflist}}
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During the Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy, he wrote in a commentary: "In his lecture preaching the compatibility of reason and faith, Benedict XVI, the scholar, deliberately overlooks the fact that the insights of Greek philosophy – its commitment to the λόγος – have been brought to medieval Christian Europe by the great Muslim thinkers of the Middle Ages. What he calls the 'encounter between the Biblical message and Greek thought' ... was, to a large extent, the result of the influence of Muslim philosophers – at a time when European Christians were totally ignorant of classical Greek philosophy."<ref>[http://i-p-o.org/koechler-Religion_Reason_Violence-16Sept06.htm Religion, Reason and Violence: Pope Benedict XVI and Islam] - Hans Köchler, Statement for the International Progress Organization. 16 September 2006</ref>
 
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Köchler is also an outspoken critic of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and has condemned its inception and practice by citing provisions of international law.<ref>http://i-p-o.org/yu-tribunal.htm</ref>
 
−
 
 
−
==Major works==
 
−
* ''Die Subjekt-Objekt-Dialektik in der transzendentalen Phänomenologie. Das Seinsproblem zwischen Idealismus und Realismus''. (Monographien zur philosophischen Forschung, vol. 112.) Meisenheim a. G.: Anton Hain, 1974.
 
−
* ''Skepsis und Gesellschaftskritik im Denken Martin Heideggers''. Monographien zur philosophischen Forschung, vol. 158. Meisenheim a. G.: Anton Hain, 1978.
 
−
* ''Philosophie – Recht – Politik. Abhandlungen zur politischen Philosophie und zur Rechtsphilosophie''. Veröffentlichungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Wissenschaft und Politik an der Universität Innsbruck, vol. 4. Vienna/New York: Springer-Verlag, 1985.
 
−
* (ed.) ''The Principles of Non-Alignment''. London: Third World Centre, 1982.
 
−
* ''Phenomenological Realism. Selected Essays''. Frankfurt a. M./Bern: Peter Lang, 1986.
 
−
* ''Politik und Theologie bei Heidegger. Politischer Aktionismus und theologische Mystik nach "Sein und Zeit."'' Veröffentlichungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Wissenschaft und Politik an der Universität Innsbruck, vol. 7. Innsbruck: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Wissenschaft und Politik, 1991.
 
−
* ''Democracy and the International Rule of Law. Propositions for an Alternative World Order''. Selected Papers Published on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations. Vienna/New York: Springer-Verlag, 1995.
 
−
* ''Neue Wege der Demokratie. Demokratie im globalen Spannungsfeld von Machtpolitik und Rechtsstaatlichkeit''. Vienna/New York: Springer-Verlag, 1998.
 
−
* ''Manila Lectures 2002. Terrorism and the Quest for a Just World Order''. Quezon City (Manila): FSJ Book World, 2002.
 
−
* ''Global Justice or Global Revenge? International Criminal Justice at the Crossroads''. ''Philosophical Reflections on the Principles of the International Legal Order Published on the Occasion of the Thirtieth Anniversary of the Foundation of the International Progress Organization''. SpringerScience. Vienna/New York: Springer-Verlag, 2003.—''Indian edition'' published by the Indian Society of International Law. New Delhi: Manak Publications, 2005; ''Turkish edition'': Istanbul: Manak, 2005; ''Arabic edition'': Casablanca: Top Édition, 2011.
 
−
* (Arabic) ١ﻠﻣﺳﻠﻤٯ ن ﻭ ١ﻠﻐﺮﺐ : من ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍع إﻟﻰ ﺍﻠﺤوﺍﺮ (''The Muslims and the West: From Confrontation to Dialogue''). Casablanca, Morocco: TOP Edition, 2009.
 
−
* ''World Order: Vision and Reality. Collected Papers Edited by David Armstrong''. Studies in International Relations, Vol. XXXI. New Delhi: Manak, 2009.
 
−
* ''Global Justice or Global Revenge? The ICC and the Politicization of International Criminal Justice'' in International Criminal Law and Human Rights, Manoj Kumar Sinha (ed.) (Manak Publications, New Delhi, 2010)
 
−
* ''The Security Council as Administrator of Justice? Reflections on the Antagonistic Relationship between Power and Law''. Vienna: International Progress Organization, 2011.
 
−
 
 
−
==Bibliography==
 
−
* [http://hanskoechler.com/hkpubl.htm Complete bibliography]
 
−
* [http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&Search_Arg=k%C3%B6chler&Search_Code=GKEY%5E*&CNT=100&hist=1&type=quick Titles in the Library of Congress Catalogue]
 
−
 
 
−
==Köchler on==
 
−
===Heidegger===
 
−
* ''Der innere Bezug von Anthropologie und Ontologie. Das Problem der Anthropologie im Denken Martin Heideggers''. Meisenheim a. G.: Anton Hain, 1974. ISBN 3-445-01072-2 (German)
 
−
* ''Skepsis und Gesellschaftskritik im Denken Martin Heideggers''. Meisenheim a. G.: Anton Hain, 1978. ISBN 3-445-01381-0 (German)
 
−
* ''Politik und Theologie bei Heidegger. Politischer Aktionismus und theologische Mystik nach "Sein und Zeit."'' Innsbruck: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Wissenschaft und Politik, 1991. 3-900719-02-0 (German)
 
−
* "God in the Thought of Martin Heidegger," in: S. A. Matczak (ed.), ''God in Contemporary Thought. A Philosophical Perspective. A Collective Study''. New York: Learned Publications; Louvain: Editions Nauwelaerts; Paris: Beatrice-Nauwelaerts, 1977, pp.&nbsp;751-773.
 
−
* "Da li je Heideggerova fundamentalna ontologija odgovara drustvenim normama? U vezi s pitanjem sustavne valorizacije njegova nacionalsocijalistickog angazmana," in: ''Godišnjak za povijest filozofije'', Zagreb, vol. 7 (1989), pp.&nbsp;147-162 (special issue Heidegger I suvremeno mišljenje). (Croatian)
 
−
* "Il concetto di essere in Heidegger e l’interrogativo sul dio personale,” in: Hugo Ott and Giorgio Penzo (eds.), ''Heidegger e la teologia. Atti del Convegno tenuto a Trento l'8-9 febbraio 1990''. Brescia: Morcelliana, 1995, pp.&nbsp;25-41. (Italian)
 
−
* "Heideggers Konzeption des Subjekts auf dem Hintergrund seiner Ontologie," in: R. L. Fetz, R. Hagenbüchle, P. Schulz (eds.), ''Geschichte und Vorgeschichte der modernen Subjektivität'', Vol. II. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 1998, pp.&nbsp;1058-1072. (German)
 
−
* "Heidegger’in ontolojisinde süje kavrami," in: ''Felsefe Dünyasi'', Ankara, vol. 29, no. 1 (1999), pp.&nbsp;3-11. (Turkish)
 
−
* "الشك و نقد المجتمع عند مارتين هيدجر " (Trans. Hamid Lechhab.) Casablanca (Morocco) 2012. ISBN 978-9954-30-685-7 (Arabic)
 
−
 
 
−
===Dialogue of civilizations===
 
−
* ''Cultural-philosophical Aspects of International Cooperation''. Lecture delivered at the Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan, 9 March 1974. Published in: Studies in International Cultural Relations, II. Vienna: I.P.O., 1978.
 
−
* ''Muslim-Christian Ties in Europe: Past, Present and Future''. Lecture delivered at the Second International Seminar on Civilizational Dialogue, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2 September 1996.
 
−
* ''Philosophical Foundations of Civilizational Dialogue''. Lecture delivered at the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 15 September 1997. I.P.O., Occasional Papers Series No. 3, 1997.
 
−
* ''The Clash of Civilizations Revisited''. Lecture at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, 8 June 1998. [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN390070418X&id=1Gw97VmaeyIC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=%2B%22The+Clash+of+Civilizations+Revisited%22&sig=A0fKqwIhS4rw8BzmOs05ZT9w0mI Google Print: Civilizations - Conflict or Dialogue?, 1999]
 
−
* ''After September 11: Clash of Civilizations or Dialogue?'' Lecture delivered at the University of the Philippines (UP), Manila, Philippines, 11 March 2002. [http://i-p-o.org/Koechler-FORUM%20ONLINE-UPManila-terrorism.htm UP Forum Online]
 
−
* ''The Dialogue of Civilizations: Philosophical Basis, Political Dimensions and the Relevance of International Sporting Events''. Lecture delivered at the FIFA World Cup Roundtable, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 1 June 2002.
 
−
* ''The Dialogue of Civilizations: Philosophical Basis, Current State and Prospects''. Lecture delivered at the invitation of the Asia-Europe Foundation and the Danish Youth Council in Hillerød, Denmark, on 22 September 2002. Asia Europe Journal, Vol. 1, No. 3 (August 2003)
 
−
* ''The "Clash of Civilizations": Perception and Reality in the Context of Globalization and International Power Politics''. Lecture delivered at the invitation of the International Black Sea University in Tbilisi, Georgia, 30 September 2004.
 
−
* ''The Dialogue of Civilizations and the Future of World Order''. The 43rd MSU Foundation Day Address delivered at Mindanao State University, Philippines, 1 September 2004. [http://www.msumain.edu.ph/mindanaojournal/pdf/mj1_2005.pdf Mindanao Journal, Vol. XXVIII (2005)]
 
−
* ''Civilization as Instrument of World Order? The Role of the Civilizational Paradigm in the Absence of a Balance of Power''. Lecture delivered at the International Symposion on "Civilizations and World Orders," Istanbul, Turkey, 13 May 2006, in:  Future Islam, New Delhi, July/August 2006.
 
−
* ''Religion, Reason and Violence: Pope Benedict XVI and Islam''. International Progress Organization, Information Service, 16 September 2006.
 
−
* اﻠﻣﺳﻠﻤٯ ن ﻭ اﻠﻐﺮﺐ - من ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍع إﻟﻰ ﺍﻠﺤوﺍﺮ [The Muslims and the West: From Confrontation to Dialogue/Arabic]. Casablanca: TOP Édition, 2009.
 
−
* ''The Philosophy and Politics of Dialogue''. Centre for Dialogue Working Paper Series, No. 2010/1. La Trobe University, Melbourne, 2010.
 
−
* ''Unity in Diversity: The Integrative Approach to Intercultural Relations''. [http://www.un.org/wcm/content/site/chronicle/lang/en/home/archive/issues2012/dialogueamongcivilizations/unityindiversity UN Chronicle, Vol. XLIX, No. 3, 2012].
 
−
 
 
−
===International terrorism===
 
−
* ''Opening speech by the President of the I.P.O.'', in: Hans Köchler (ed.), Terrorism and National Liberation. Frankfurt a.M./Bern/New York: Peter Lang, 1988, pp.&nbsp;11–14.
 
−
* (Initiator) ''The Baku Declaration on Global Dialogue and Peaceful Co-existence Among Nations and the Threats posed by International Terrorism.'' International Progress Organization. Baku, Azerbaijan, 9 November 2001.
 
−
* ''The United Nations, International Rule of Law and Terrorism'', in: The Supreme Court Centenary Lecture Series. I: July 2000 – June 2001; II. September 2001 – June 2002. Manila: Supreme Court of the Philippines / Philippine Judicial Academy, 2002, pp.&nbsp;550–571.
 
−
* ''The "Clash of Civilisations," the Problem of Terrorism and Strategies Towards Peaceful Co-existence Among Nations'', in: ASEM Youth Dialogue on Globalisation, 19–22 September 2002, Hillerød, Denmark. Conference Presentations.
 
−
* ''The War on Terror, its Impact on the Sovereignty of Nations, and its Implications for Human Rights and Civil Liberties''. International Ecumenical Conference on Terrorism in a Globalized World, organized by the National Council of Churches in the Philippines (NCCP), the World Council of Churches, and the Christian Conference in Asia (Manila, 25 September 2002).
 
−
* ''Las Naciones Unidas, el imperio internacional del derecho y el terrorismo.'' Conferencia centenaria. Suprema Corte de Filipinas y Academia Judicial de Filipinas. Manila, 12 de Marzo del 2002. Occasional Papers Series, No. 7. Vienna: International Progress Organization, 2003.  (Spanish)
 
−
* ''Manila Lectures 2002. Terrorism and the Quest for a Just World Order.'' Quezon City, Manila: FSJ Book World, 2002.
 
−
* ''Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism. Towards a Comprehensive Approach.'' I.P.O. Online Papers, at www.i-p-o.org, 2003.
 
−
* ''The United Nations and International Terrorism: Challenges to Collective Security.'' Lecture delivered at the Shanghai Center for International Studies, 15 November 2002. I.P.O. Research Papers. Vienna: International Progress Organization, 2004.
 
−
* [http://hanskoechler.com/Koechler-Global_War_on_Terror-Penang-Dec2007-advance_access.pdf''The Global War on Terror and the Metaphysical Enemy'']. Lecture delivered at Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, 13 December 2007.
 
−
 
 
−
===United Nations reform===
 
−
* ''The Voting Procedure in the United Nations Security Council. Examining a Normative Contradiction and its Consequences on International Relations''. Studies in International Relations, XVII. Vienna: International Progress Organization, Wien 1991.
 
−
* ''The United Nations Security Council and the New World Order'', in: Frank Barnaby (ed.), Building A More Democratic United Nations. Proceedings of the First International Conference on a More Democratic UN. London: Cass, 1991, pp.&nbsp;238–245.
 
−
* ''The United Nations and the New World Order. Philosophical Reflections'', in: Hans Köchler (ed.), The United Nations and the New World Order. (Studies in International Relations, XVIII.) Vienna: International Progress Organization, 1992, pp.&nbsp;7–21.
 
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* ''Democracy and the International Rule of Law. Propositions for an Alternative World Order. Selected Papers Published on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations''. Vienna/New York: Springer-Verlag, 1995.
 
−
* ''The United Nations Sanctions Policy and International Law''. Penang, Malaysia: Just World Trust (JUST), 1995; Arabic version: Vienna: Jamahir Society for Culture and Philosophy, 1997.
 
−
* ''The United Nations and International Democracy: The Quest for UN Reform''. Studies in International Relations, XXII. Vienna: International Progress Organisation, 1997.
 
−
* ''Self-Determination as a Means of Democratisation of the United Nations & the International System'', in: Y. N. Kly and D. Kly (eds.), In Pursuit of the Right to Self-determination. Collected Papers & Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Right to Self-determination & the United Nations, Geneva 2000. Atlanta: Clarity Press, 2001, pp.&nbsp;133–142.
 
−
* ''Quo Vadis, United Nations?'', in: Law Review, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, College of Law, May 2005, pp.&nbsp;49-65.
 
−
* ''The United Nations Organisation and Global Power Politics. The Antagonism Between Power and Law and the Future of World Order'', in: Chinese Journal of International Law], Vol. 5, No. 2 (2006), pp.&nbsp;323-340.
 
−
*  ''Security Council Reform: A Requirement of International Democracy''. Lecture delivered at the Center for the Study of Federalism (CSF), Turin, Italy, 8 June 2007.
 
  
−
==Commentaries on Köchler's works==
+
==Köchler's two observer reports==
−
* ''Peut-on parler d'un "scepticisme" heideggérien?'' Emilio Brito, ''Heidegger et l'hymne du sacré''. Leuven: Leuven University Press / Uitgeverij Peeters, 1999, pp.&nbsp;615-621. (French)
+
* [http://i-p-o.org/lockerbie-report.htm Report on the trial (3 February 2001)]
−
* ''Hans Köchler. Global Justice or Global Revenge. International Criminal Justice at the Crossroads. REVIEW''. Quezon City, Metro Manila: H. Koechler Political and Philosophical Society, 2004.
+
* [http://i-p-o.org/koechler-lockerbie-appeal_report.htm Report on the appeal (26 March 2002)]
−
* ''The Great Power Balance, the United Nations and What the Framers Intended: In Partial Response to Hans Köchler''.  C.L. Lim in: ''Chinese Journal of International Law'' (2007), pp.&nbsp;1-22.
 
  
−
==Publications about Hans Köchler==
+
==IPO documents==
−
* [Biographical sketches of the members of the International Academy for Philosophy]: "Hans Köchler," in:  ''News and Views'', No. 13 (November 2006). Yerevan (Armenia)/Athens (Greece)/Berkeley (USA): International Academy for Philosophy, 2006, pp.&nbsp;46-53.
+
* [http://i-p-o.org/clarifications-statement-Bradshaw.pdf Note concerning the status of Hans Köchler as international observer at the Lockerbie trial (2002)]
−
* Fatemah Remedios C. Balbin (ed.), ''Hans Köchler Bibliography and Reader''. Quezon City, Metro Manila: Hans Koechler Political and Philosophical Society & Foundation for Social Justice, 2007. ISBN 978-3-900719-04-3
+
* [http://i-p-o.org/koechler-lockerbie-statement-aug2003.htm Köchler’s statement on the agreement between the US, UK and Libya on the remaining issues relating to the fulfilment of all Security Council resolutions regarding Lockerbie (2003)]
−
* Marie-Luisa Frick and Andreas Oberprantacher (eds.), ''Power and Justice in International Relations: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Global Challenges''. (Essays in Honour of Hans Köchler.) Farnham (Surrey), UK: Ashgate, 2009. ISBN 978-0-7546-7771-0
+
* [http://i-p-o.org/koechler-lockerbie-referral-29June2007.htm Hans Köchler’s statement on the decision of the Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission on the referral of Mr. Megrahi’s case (2007)]
 +
* [http://i-p-o.org/IPO-Lockerbie-nr-28Aug2007.htm "Lockerbie case: new accusations of manipulation of key forensic evidence" Statement by Hans Köchler (2007)]
 +
* [http://i-p-o.org/Lockerbie-statement-koechler-25Feb08.htm Statement by Hans Köchler on the withholding of evidence by the British government (2008)]
 +
* [http://i-p-o.org/Koechler-Lockerbie-statement-appeal-July2008.htm Statement by Hans Köchler on the second Lockerbie appeal and the right to a fair trial (2008)]
 +
* [http://i-p-o.org/IPO-nr-Lockerbie_case-06Aug09.htm "The Lockerbie case: prisoner transfer or prisoner release? How to reconcile the requirements of the rule of law and the imperatives of humanity" – Hans Köchler's statement to the BBC (2009)]
 +
* [http://i-p-o.org/Megrahi-statement-Koechler-IPO-nr-21Aug2009.htm "Release of the Lockerbie prisoner: the case is not closed" – Statement by Dr. Hans Köchler (2009)]
  
−
==Köchler's major international conferences==
+
==United Nations documents==
−
* Die europäische Aufgabe der Alpenregion [The European Vocation of the Alpine Region] -- Innsbruck, Austria, 2–3 June 1971
+
* [http://ftp.fas.org/irp/news/1999/04/19990405_sgsm6944.htm Press Conference by Secretary-General Kofi Annan on 5 April 1999] (see Para. 2)
−
* Österreich und die EWG [Austria and the European Economic Community] -- Innsbruck, Austria, 2–3 June 1972
+
* [http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/committees/LibyanArabJamahiriya/6372e.html UN Press Release of 30 October 1997 welcoming UK invitation to send UN observers to Lockerbie trial]
−
* The Cultural Self-comprehension of Nations—in co-operation with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Innsbruck, Austria, 27–29 July 1974
+
* [http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/1998/scres98.htm Security Council resolution 1192 of 27 August 1998 providing for the nomination of international observers]
−
* The Legal Aspects of the Palestine Problem with Special Regard to the Question of Jerusalem—Vienna, Austria, 5–7 November 1980
 
−
* The Concept of Monotheism in Islam and Christianity—Rome, Italy, 17–19 November 1981
 
−
* The Principles of Non-alignment – The Non-aligned Countries in the Eighties: Results and Perspectives -- Baghdad, Iraq, 4–6 May 1982
 
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* The New International Information and Communication Order – Basis for Cultural Dialogue and Peaceful Co-existence among Nations—in co-operation with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), [[Nicosia]], [[Cyprus]], 26–27 October 1984
 
−
* Democracy in International Relations—organized on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the foundation of the United Nations Organization, New York City, USA, 31 October 1985
 
−
* The Crisis of Representative Democracy -- Geneva, Switzerland, 15–17 November 1985
 
−
* The Question of Terrorism—Geneva, Switzerland, 19–21 March 1987
 
−
* Second International Conference On A More Democratic United Nations (CAMDUN-2) -- United Nations Office at Vienna, Austria, 17–19 September 1991
 
−
* Islam and the West - The Conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina and its Implications for a New World Order—Vienna, Austria, 25 November 1993
 
−
* Civilizations: Conflict or Dialogue? -- in co-operation with the Departments of Philosophy and American Studies at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, 8 June 1998
 
−
* The Challenges of Globalization—University of Munich, Germany, 18–19 March 1999
 
−
* Transplantationsmedizin und personale Identität [Transplantation Medicine and Personal Identity] -- University of Innsbruck, Austria, 15 March 2000
 
−
* ¿Cómo democratizar la democracia? [How to Democratize Democracy?] -- in co-operation with Simón Bolívar University, Caracas, Venezuela, 7–8 November 2000
 
−
* Human and Peoples’ Rights in International Relations—in co-operation with Myongji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 25 October 2001
 
−
* The United Nations and International Power Politics: The Future of World Order—in co-operation with International Human Rights Association of American Minorities and East-West University, Chicago, Ill., USA, 5 June 2004
 
−
* The Use of Force in International Relations: Challenges to Collective Security—University of Innsbruck, Austria, 22 June 2005
 
−
* The "Global War on Terror" and its Implications for Muslim-Western Relations—Centre for Policy Research and International Studies (CenPRIS) at Universiti Sains Malaysia / Malaysia Science University, Penang, Malaysia, 13–14 December 2007
 
−
* "9/11 Revisited – Seeking The Truth", International Conference, Kuala Lumpur, November 19, 2012
 
  
−
==Interviews==
+
==Selected media articles==
−
* [http://HANSKOECHLER.COM/le-soleil-27apr74.htm Le Soleil, Dakar, Senegal, 27 April 1974] (French)
+
* [http://i-p-o.org/lockerbie-report-koechler-commentary.htm "Unfair, incomprehensible, irrational and arbitrary"] ''Scotland on Sunday'', Edinburgh
−
* [http://HANSKOECHLER.COM/Politika_Express-Beograd1981.jpg Politika Express, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 31 August 1981] (Serbo-Croat)
+
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/scotland/2002/lockerbie_appeal/1773868.stm "Lockerbie verdict politically influenced"] ''BBC''
−
* [http://HANSKOECHLER.COM/koechler-saechsische_zeitung-3Jan92.htm Sächsische Zeitung, Dresden, Germany, 3 January 1992] (German)
+
* [http://www.antiwar.com/cockburn/c042001.html "Foreign Devil"] Alexander Cockburn, USA
−
* [http://i-p-o.org/excelsior-92.jpg Excelsior, Mexico D.F., 16 November 1992]  (Spanish)
+
* [http://i-p-o.org/AL_AHRAM-Hebdo-11Apr2001.htm "Le verdict est le résultat d'influences politiques"] ''Al-Ahram Hebdo'', Cairo, Egypt
−
* [http://i-p-o.org/new-straits-times-94.jpg New Straits Times, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 19 November 1994]
+
* [http://www.zmag.org/ZMag/Articles/dec01herman.htm "The New World Order Rule of Injustice – The Lockerbie Case"] Edward S. Herman, ''Z Magazine'', USA
−
* [http://HANSKOECHLER.COM/koechler-interview-al_zaman-july1997.htm Al-Zaman, Biweekly, Rabat, Morocco, 20 June - 3 July 1997]  (Arabic)
+
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/1872996.stm "UN monitor decries Lockerbie judgment"] ''BBC''
−
* [http://i-p-o.org/statesman-98.jpg The Statesman, New Delhi, India, 6 March 1998]
+
* [http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/scotland.cfm?id=1060352007 "UN Lockerbie trial observer urges independent inquiry into the case"] ''The Scotsman'', Edinburgh
−
* [http://HANSKOECHLER.COM/Koechler-interview-Korea_Plus-1June05.htm Korea Plus, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 1 June 2005] (Korean)
+
* [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,2121440,00.html "UN observer calls for fresh Lockerbie probe"] ''The Observer'', London
−
* "Reforming the United Nations Organisation: philosophical and practical underpinnings," in: ''Global Change, Peace & Security'', Vol. 21, Issue 2 (June 2009), pp.&nbsp;257–267.
+
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=OVgyFUOFuXMC&pg=PA161&ots=U7WyEj3KMr&dq=%22Shadow+over+Lockerbie%22&sig=ofXOoRJBa13a8uH6ghDnJBhScUM "Shadow over Lockerbie: The Issue of Evidence in Terrorism Cases"] Carla Berg and Fatemah Remedios C. Balbin, Manila, Philippines
−
* [http://www.aksiyon.com.tr/aksiyon/haber-32227-suriyede-cozum-cok-uzun-surer.html Aksiyon, Istanbul, Turkey, 2 April 2012]
+
* [http://www.bnr.bg/RadioBulgaria/Emission_English/News/en0807dkM1.htm "UN observer on Lockerbie attack Hans Koechler demands new investigation into the case"] ''Bulgarian National Radio'', Sofia, Bulgaria
−
* [http://i-p-o.org/Koechler-interview-Raiffeisenzeitung-Syria-18Oct12.htm Raiffeisenzeitung, Vienna, Austria, No. 42, 18 October 2012] (German)
+
* [http://english.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_view.asp?no=371182&rel_no=1 "Lockerbie: 'Experts,' Mysterious Timer"] ''Ohmy News International'', Seoul, Korea
 +
* [http://www.nrhz.de/flyer/beitrag.php?id=11168 "Neues zu Lockerbie"] ''Neue Rheinische Zeitung'', Cologne, Germany (German)
 +
* [http://www.jungewelt.de/2007/07-02/063.php "Prozeß wird neu aufgerollt"] ''Junge Welt'', Daily Newspaper, Berlin, Germany (German)
 +
* [http://www.faz.net/s/RubDDBDABB9457A437BAA85A49C26FB23A0/Doc~E6CC5F02CD64942F8AF7197B74E0BE5F1~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html "Lockerbie Attentat: Explosiver Widerruf"] ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'', Frankfurt a.M., Germany (German)
 +
* [http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=6845 "The New York Times on the Libya-Pan Am 103 Case: A Study in Propaganda Service"] ''Center for Research on Globalization'', Québec, Canada
 +
* [http://i-p-o.org/Sunday_Times-Lockerbie-07-10-07.pdf "UN observer says Scots law is flawed"] ''The Sunday Times'', London, UK
 +
* [http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1191257285759&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull "Lockerbie: a miscarriage of justice?"] ''Jerusalem Post'', Jerusalem, Israel
 +
* [http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20090517/local/malta-could-have-done-more-to-reject-lockerbie-claims-un-monitor "Malta could have done more to reject Lockerbie claims – UN monitor"] ''Times of Malta'', La Valletta, Malta
 +
* [http://i-p-o.org/Sunday_Express-Lockerbie-09Aug09.jpg "Scots complicit in Lockerbie lie"] ''Sunday Express'', London, UK
 +
* [http://www.taz.de/1/politik/europa/artikel/1/schottland-laesst-lockerbie-taeter-frei/ "Schottland lässt Lockerbie-Täter frei"] ''Die Tageszeitung'', Berlin, Germany (German)
 +
* [http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/20/scottish-justice-secretary-explains-release-of-lockerbie-convict/ "Scottish Justice Secretary Explains Release of Lockerbie Convict"] ''The New York Times'', New York, NY, USA
 +
* [http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/hans-kchler-i-saw-the-trial-ndash-and-the-verdict-made-no-sense-1775217.html "I saw the Lockerbie trial – and the verdict made no sense"] ''The Independent'', London, UK
 +
* [http://www.mg.co.za/article/2009-08-30-lockerbie-drowning-the-facts "Lockerbie: Drowning the facts"] ''The Mail & Guardian'', Johannesburg, South Africa
 +
* [http://www.lrb.co.uk/v31/n18/peir01_.html "The Framing of al-Megrahi" by Gareth Peirce] ''London Review of Books'', London, UK
 +
* [http://www.theedinburghreporter.co.uk/2012/08/edinburgh-international-book-festival-hans-kochler "Was there a cover up over the Lockerbie bomber?" by Phyllis Stephen] ''The Edinburgh Reporter'', Edinburgh, UK
  
−
==Media==
+
==Köchler's publications on Lockerbie==
−
* [http://i-p-o.org/koechler-AZ-interview-1974.jpg Abendzeitung, Munich, Germany, 24 July 1974] (German)
+
* (Ed. with Jason Subler) [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN390070421X&id=XuX1PGGrH38C&printsec=frontcover The Lockerbie Trial: Documents related to the I.P.O. observer mission]
−
* [http://www.bummel.org/rezensionen/1998-koechler.php Zeitschrift für Direkte Demokratie, No. 4/1998] (German)
+
* [http://hanskoechler.com/koechler-global_justice-springer-2003.htm Global Justice or Global Revenge? International Criminal Justice at the Crossroads]
−
* [http://i-p-o.org/times.jpg The Times, London, UK, 9 April 2001]
+
* [http://nlsir.in/index.php/component/content/article/25-the-project/69-the-lockerbie-trial-and-the-rule-of-law The Lockerbie Trial and the Rule of Law] National Law School of India Review, Vol. 21(1), 2009
−
* [http://i-p-o.org/Al-Ahram-Lockerbie.htm Al-Ahram Weekly, Cairo, Egypt, 21-27 March 2002]
 
−
* [http://i-p-o.org/reformatorisch-dagblad-koechler-2003.htm Reformatorisch Dagblad, Apeldoorn, Netherlands, 14 June 2003] (Dutch)
 
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* [http://i-p-o.org/Morgunbladid-Reykjavik-18Aug2003.jpg Morgunblađiđ, Reykjavík, Iceland, 18 August 2003] (Icelandic)
 
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* [http://www.africiaaljadeda.com/details.php?count=1&id_pages=2 Afriqia al-jadidah, Tripoli, Libya, September 2003]  (Arabic)
 
−
* [http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2105/stories/20040312000507300.htm Frontline. India's National Magazine, Vol. 21, Issue 05, Feb. 28 - March 12, 2004]
 
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* [http://hanskoechler.com/cumhuriyet-april2004.jpg Cumhuriyet, Istanbul, Turkey, 29 April 2004] (Turkish)
 
−
* [http://hanskoechler.com/manila-bulletin-28sept04.jpg Manila Bulletin, Manila, Philippines, 28 September 2004]
 
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* [http://www.globalpolicy.org/intljustice/icc/crisis/2005/0402double.htm Global Policy Forum, New York, USA, 2 April 2005]
 
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* [http://www.hku.hk/ccpl/events/rightstalks/Kochler.html University of Hong Kong, Centre for Comparative and Public Law, Hong Kong, P. R. China, 23 May 2005]
 
−
* [http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/br/2006/01/10/stories/2006011000551500.htm The Hindu. India's National Newspaper, 10 January 2006]
 
−
* [http://hanskoechler.com/Scotland_on_Sunday-5Mar06.htm Scotland on Sunday, Edinburgh, 5 March 2006]
 
−
* [http://www.baztab.com/news/48524.php Baztab, Tehran, Iran, 19 September 2006] (in Persian)
 
−
* [http://chinesejil.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/jmm008v1 Chinese Journal of International Law, Vol. 6/2, 10 June 2007]
 
−
* [http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/scotland.cfm?id=1060352007 The Scotsman, Edinburgh, 7 July 2007]
 
−
* [http://www.uibk.ac.at/ipoint/kopf_der_woche/?id=491878 University of Innsbruck, Austria, 29 October 2007] (German)
 
−
* [http://www.maghreb-canada.ca/journal/2008/n60_20.pdf Maghreb Canada Express, Montreal, Vol. 6, No. 6, June 2008] (French)
 
−
* [http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=107608 Le Matin, Casablanca, Morocco, 11 February 2009] (French)
 
−
* [http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,4475706,00.html?maca=en-en_nr-1893-xml-atom Deutsche Welle - World, Berlin, Germany, 13 July 2009]
 
−
* [http://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article2129.html Mainstream Weekly, New Delhi, India, 12 June 2010]
 
−
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-10728433 BBC News, 22 July 2010]
 
−
* [http://www.eurasia-rivista.org/il-collasso-della-globalizzazione-neoliberale/11007/ EURASIA, Rome, Italy, 4 September 2011]
 
−
* [http://mg.co.za/article/2012-07-03-icc-credibility Mail & Guardian, Johannesburg, South Africa, 4 July 2012]
 
−
* [http://manilastandardtoday.com/2012/08/15/the-un-our-only-bet/ Manila Standard Today, Manila, Philippines, 15 August 2012]
 
 
{{SMWDocs}}
 
{{SMWDocs}}
−
==References==
+
==External links==
−
<references/>
+
* [http://hanskoechler.com Hans Köchler's academic web site]
 +
* [http://i-p-o.org/lockerbie_observer_mission.htm Official web site of Hans Köchler’s Lockerbie observer mission]
 +
* [http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/library/lockerbie/index.asp Text of the Lockerbie judgments]
 +
* [http://www.sccrc.org.uk/ViewFile.aspx?id=293 News Release of the SCCRC concerning the referral of the case to the High Court of Justiciary]
  
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==External links==
 
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*[http://hanskoechler.com Hans Köchler web site]
 
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*[http://www.uibk.ac.at/philosophie/institut/mitarbeiter/koechler.html Hans Köchler's faculty page at the University of Innsbruck]
 
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*[http://wpfdc.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=141%3Ahans-koechler&catid=51%3Apersons&Itemid=94&lang=en Hans Köchler at the World Public Forum "Dialogue of Civilizations"]
 
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*[http://i-p-o.org/lockerbie_observer_mission.htm Hans Köchler's observer mission at the Lockerbie trial in the Netherlands]
 
  
 
[[Category:Lockerbie]]
 
[[Category:Lockerbie]]
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Latest revision as of 08:01, 7 August 2021

Person.png Hans KöchlerRdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
(academic)
Hans Koechler.jpg
Dr Hans Köchler, UN Observer at the Lockerbie trial
Born18 October 1948
president of the International Progress Organisation,

Hans Köchler is a professor of philosophy at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, and president of the International Progress Organisation, a non-governmental organisation (NGO) in consultative status with the United Nations.

Hans Köchler's Lockerbie trial observer mission stemmed from the dispute between the United Kingdom, the United States, and Libya concerning arrangements for the trial of two Libyans Lamin Khalifah Fhimah and Abdelbaset al-Megrahi accused of causing the explosion of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie on 21 December 1988.

The dispute was resolved on the basis of legally binding UN Security Council Resolution 1192 of 27 August 1998.[1]

UN-nominated observers

UNSCR 1192 "welcomed" "the initiative for the trial of the two [Libyan] persons charged with the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 ... before a Scottish court sitting in the Netherlands" and "invited" the Secretary-General of the United Nations "to nominate international observers to attend the trial". By a letter dated 28 October 1997, the Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom had informed the Secretary-General "that the United Kingdom would welcome the presence of international observers from the United Nations at the trial of the suspects in the Lockerbie bombing".[2] At a UN press conference on 5 April 1999, Secretary-General Kofi Annan, in reply to a journalist's question, said: "Well, there are provisions for international observers, and this is something that we will need to work out. There have been suggestions that there could be international observers from various organisations, from the Arab League, from the OAU, from the Non-Aligned Movement and all that. But we are going to coordinate that and make sure that there is an effective international presence during the trial, to monitor ... "[3]

In a letter dated 25 April 2000, addressed to the President of the Security Council, Secretary-General Kofi Annan nominated five international observers, one each from the European Union, the Arab League, and jointly from the Organisation of African Unity and the Non-Aligned Movement, and two from Köchler's International Progress Organisation, a Vienna-based NGO in consultative status with the United Nations.[4]

Reports on the trial and appeal

Hans Köchler was the only international observer to submit comprehensive reports on the Lockerbie trial and appeal proceedings to the Secretary-General of the United Nations who, in turn, forwarded them to the Registrar of the Scottish Court in the Netherlands. Köchler's reports were highly critical of the proceedings and challenged the fairness and impartiality of the High Court of Justiciary. Their publication triggered a large-scale international debate, including in the British House of Commons,[5] about the politicisation of criminal trials in the context of power politics. Köchler had characterised the initial trial verdict of 31 January 2001 (which had led to the acquittal of one of the two accused Libyans) as "inconsistent" and "arbitrary". On the day of the announcement of the appeal verdict (14 March 2002) he described the dismissal of the convicted Libyan national's appeal as a "spectacular miscarriage of justice".[6]

Second Lockerbie appeal

Upon publication on 28 June 2007 of a summary of a report by the Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission, which took four years to review Abdelbaset al-Megrahi's case and granted him leave for a second appeal against conviction, Köchler issued a statement in which he expressed surprise at the Commission's focus and apparent bias in favour of the judicial establishment in Scotland:

"In giving exoneration to the police, prosecutors and forensic staff, I think they show their lack of independence. No officials to be blamed: simply a Maltese shopkeeper."[7]

He called for the full report of the SCCRC to be published, for a full and independent public inquiry into the Lockerbie bombing case and for the proceedings of the Court of Criminal Appeal to be witnessed by international observers.[8]

Public Inquiry

On 4 July 2007, Hans Köchler wrote to Scottish first minister, Alex Salmond, British foreign secretary, David Miliband, home secretary, Jacqui Smith and minister for Africa, Asia and the UN, Mark Malloch Brown, reiterating his call for a public inquiry into the Lockerbie case and insisting that UN-appointed legal experts (from countries other than the UK, US and Libya) should be involved in such an Inquiry.[9]

UN Inquiry

In October 2007, former diplomat Patrick Haseldine submitted this e-petition to prime minister Gordon Brown: "We the undersigned petition the Prime Minister to support calls for a United Nations Inquiry into the death of UN Commissioner for Namibia, Bernt Carlsson, in the 1988 Lockerbie bombing."

Dr Hans Koechler, UN observer at the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial, has described Mr al-Megrahi's conviction as a 'spectacular miscarriage of justice'. If, as now seems inevitable, the Libyan's conviction is overturned on appeal, Libya will be exonerated and a new investigation is going to be required.
Apartheid South Africa is the prime alternative suspect for the Lockerbie bombing - see South Africa luggage swap theory.
We understand that, when Libya takes its seat at the UN Security Council in January 2008, there will be calls for an immediate United Nations Inquiry into the death of UN Commissioner for Namibia, Bernt Carlsson, in the 1988 Lockerbie bombing. The other 14 UNSC members — including Britain — should support such an Inquiry and nominate Dr Koechler to conduct it.[10]

"Intelligence Operation"

In the June 2008 edition of the Scottish lawyers' magazine The Firm, Köchler referred to the 'totalitarian' nature of the second Lockerbie appeal process saying it "bears the hallmarks of an 'intelligence operation'."[11]

Wide-ranging debate

Hans Köchler's reports as UN-appointed international observer of one of the most controversial criminal trials in British history have led to a global debate on the role of NGO observers in the context of international criminal justice.[12]

Through his novel and pro-active interpretation of his assignment as UN-appointed international observer,[13] he has redefined the role of observers in the context of international criminal justice. His reports have been published as landmark documents of international law in collections such as that of the Peace Palace Library of the International Court of Justice. His experience as observer of the Lockerbie trial led him to write the book "Global Justice or Global Revenge?" (2003) in which he describes the challenges faced by international criminal justice under the conditions of power politics and draws general conclusions in terms of the doctrine of international law.

In September 2008, following a meeting organised by the Lockerbie Justice Group at Greshornish House on the Isle of Skye, Köchler and Professor Robert Black called for a new public inquiry into the Lockerbie bombing.[14] Köchler said:

"Irrespective of the outcome of the current appeal, there should be a reinvestigation of the incident by the Scottish authorities. It is extremely frustrating that with regard to such an incident just one person has been presented as the culprit and no further questions asked. Only a child would believe such a story."

During Köchler's visit to Scotland, he met former MP and Lockerbie activist Tam Dalyell, MSP Alex Neil and Iain McKie, father of Scottish policewoman Shirley McKie. On 18 September 2008, he delivered a keynote speech on the "Lockerbie Trial and the Rule of Law" organised by The Firm magazine which was held at the Glasgow Hilton Hotel. Focusing on the public interest immunity certificate deployed by the British government, Köchler said:[15]

"Whether those in public office like it or not, the Lockerbie trial has become a test case for the criminal justice system of Scotland. At the same time, it has become an exemplary case on a global scale - its handling will demonstrate whether a domestic system of criminal justice can resist the dictates of international power politics or simply becomes dysfunctional as soon as "supreme state interests" interfere with the imperatives of justice. (...) The fairness of judicial proceedings is undoubtedly a supreme and permanent public interest. If the rule of law is to be upheld, the requirements of the administration of justice may have to take precedence over public interests of a secondary order - such as a state's momentary foreign policy considerations or commercial and trade interests. The internal stability and international legitimacy of a polity in the long term depend on whether it is able to ensure the supremacy of the law over considerations of power and convenience."

Lockerbie Revisited

"Lockerbie Revisited" is a Dutch 50-minute documentary film from the VPRO television documentary series Backlight which was broadcast in the Netherlands on the eve of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi's second appeal against conviction for the Lockerbie bombing that started at the High Court of Justiciary in Edinburgh on 28 April 2009. The film's director, Gideon Levy, narrates in Dutch and conducts interviews in English with: retired FBI officer Richard Marquise; Detective Chief Superintendent Stuart Henderson of the Scottish police; ex-FBI Crime Laboratory head Thomas Thurman; UN Observer at the Lockerbie trial Hans Köchler; author, journalist and the film's researcher Ian Ferguson; former CIA agent Robert Baer; ex-FBI laboratory scientist Fred Whitehurst and Lord Fraser of Carmyllie, a former Lord Advocate.[16]

References

  1. ↑ http://www.un.org/Docs/scres/1998/scres98.htm
  2. ↑ http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/committees/LibyanArabJamahiriya/6372e.html
  3. ↑ http://ftp.fas.org/irp/news/1999/04/19990405_sgsm6944.htm |title=UN Press Release of 5 April 1999, SG/SM/6944
  4. ↑ http://www.i-p-o.org/nomination-observers.pdf
  5. ↑ http://i-p-o.org/report-House-of-Commons.htm
  6. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/1872996.stm
  7. ↑ "This could open a can of worms for the entire Scottish justice system" Glasgow Herald 28 June 2007
  8. ↑ http://i-p-o.org/koechler-lockerbie-referral-29June2007.htm
  9. ↑ http://i-p-o.org/IPO-nr-Lockerbie-04July07.htm
  10. ↑ "UN Inquiry into the death of UN Commissioner for Namibia, Bernt Carlsson, in the 1988 Lockerbie bombing"
  11. ↑ UN Observer to the Lockerbie Trial says 'totalitarian' appeal process bears the hallmarks of an "intelligence operation"
  12. ↑ http://hanskoechler.com/Cambodia_trials-Rogers-2006-excerpt.pdf
  13. ↑ http://i-p-o.org/Lockerbie-statement-koechler.htm
  14. ↑ http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/scotland/Legal-experts-call--for.4498100.jp
  15. ↑ http://i-p-o.org/IPO-nr-Lockerbie-22Sept08.htm
  16. ↑ "Lockerbie Revisited" on the Tegenlicht website (in Dutch, with English-language interviews)

Köchler's two observer reports

IPO documents

United Nations documents

Selected media articles

Köchler's publications on Lockerbie

 

Documents by Hans Köchler

TitleDocument typePublication dateSubject(s)Description
Document:Condemnation of mass killings in GazaArticle15 May 2018Israel
International Progress Organization
Palestine
International Criminal Court
2018 Gaza Massacre
Nakba Day		"The deliberate targeting of civilians by the Israeli army – inside the territory of Gaza – constitutes a war crime and crime against humanity. Those responsible must be brought to justice – in conformity with the Statute and on the basis of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC) of which Palestine is a State Party."
Document:Lockerbie case: new accusations of manipulation of key forensic evidenceStatement28 August 2007Pan Am Flight 103/The Trial
Abdelbaset al-Megrahi
Edwin Bollier
Lockerbie Bombing/Official Narrative
Ulrich Lumpert
Erwin Meister		Those responsible for the mid-air explosion of Pan Am Flight 103 will have to be identified and brought to justice. A continuation of the rather obvious cover-up which we have witnessed up until now is neither acceptable for the citizens of Scotland nor for the international public.
Document:Release of the Lockerbie Prisonerreport21 August 2009Pan Am Flight 103
Abdelbaset al-Megrahi		A report by the official UN Observer of the Lockerbie Trial in the Netherlands, commenting on the release on compassionate grounds of the only person convicted in the Lockerbie case.
Document:The Lockerbie case and the corruption of justicearticle9 August 2009Pan Am Flight 103/The Trial
File:Koechler-lockerbie-appeal report.pdfreport26 March 2002Pan Am Flight 103/The Trial
Abdelbaset al-Megrahi		A report on the appeal proceedings at the Scottish Court in the Netherlands
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External links

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