Arthur Dunkel

Arthur Dunkel   ( deep state functionary)
Born	26. August 1932  Lisbon,  Portugal
Died	8. June 2005 (Age 72)  Geneva,  Switzerland
Nationality	Swiss
Alma mater	University of Lausanne
Director-General of what later became the World Trade Organization for over 12 years. 5 Bilderbergs  Director-General of the World Trade Organization  In office 1 October 1980 - 1 July 1993 Succeeded by Peter Sutherland Bilderberg

Arthur Dunkel was Director-General of the World Trade Organization (before 1995 GATT) for over 12 years. At the 1989 Bilderberg, Dunkel helped to introduce the discussion on Global Relationships: Surpluses, Deficits, And Protectionism. At the 1993 Bilderberg he was a panelist on the subject of Prospects For Global Trade.ref>https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/dg_e/ad_e.htm</ref>

Education

Arthur Dunkel graduated from the University of Lausanne in 1956 with a licentiate in Economics and Commercial Sciences.

Career

From 1956 he was a negotiator at the then commercial division of the Swiss Department of National Economy, from 1973 Permanent Representative of Switzerland to GATT. In 1976 he became a delegate for commercial contracts with ambassadorial rank. Dunkel was an heir to the ideas of the Geneva economist William Rappard. He had created a liberal school in Geneva, which advocated for free trade, both in Switzerland and globally.

From 1980 to 1993, Arthur Dunkel succeeded Olivier Long as Director General of GATT, what later became the World Trade Organization.<

Arthur Dunkel took an active part in the Uruguay Round Negotiations of the GATT. His contribution to the completion of these negotiations was vital. When negotiations had passed the deadline and no agreement had emerged he took initiative in his own hands compiling the 'Dunkel Draft' in December 1991. The draft put together the results of negotiations and provided an arbitrated solution to issues on which negotiators failed to agree. Even though the United States and India continued to bargain for changes to the Dunkel Draft, only minor amendments were made in the sphere of agriculture. The Dunkel Draft was accepted and became the foundation of the World Trade Organization.

 

Events Participated in

Event	Start	End	Location(s)	Description
Bilderberg/1987	24 April 1987	26 April 1987	Italy Cernobbio	35th Bilderberg, in Italy, 106 participants
Bilderberg/1989	12 May 1989	14 May 1989	Spain Galicia La Toja Island	37th Bilderberg meeting, 110 guests
Bilderberg/1991	6 June 1991	9 June 1991	Germany Baden-Baden Steigenberger Hotel Badischer Hof	The 39th Bilderberg, 114 guests
Bilderberg/1992	21 May 1992	24 May 1992	France Royal Club Evian Evian-les-Bains	The 40th Bilderberg. It had 121 participants.
Bilderberg/1993	22 April 1993	25 April 1993	Greece Nafsika Astir Palace Hotel Vouliagmeni	The 41st Bilderberg, held in Greece
WEF/Annual Meeting/1983	January 1983	January 1983	Switzerland WEF	By 1983, the European Management Symposium had become, as Klaus Schwab put it in his opening address, "the foremost annual gathering of decision-makers of the world economy."
WEF/Annual Meeting/1984	February 1984	February 1984	Switzerland WEF	By 1984, the Informal Gathering of World Economic Leaders (IGWEL) had already become a useful place for leaders to launch new ideas. Many initiatives that were later officially undertaken by international organizations or governments were in fact born in Davos.

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