1875

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( 1870s: )     1875
Much calumniated by later historians, but essentially powerless, the Empress Dowager Cixi experiences the decades of collapse of Manchu China, as 4 year old Guangxu becomes emperor.

Events

• January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of the year (Third Class is renamed Second Class in 1956).
• January 12 – Guangxu becomes the 11th Qing Dynasty Emperor of China at the age of 4, in succession to his cousin.
• March 15 – Roman Catholic Archbishop of New York John McCloskey is named the first cardinal in the United States.
• May 7 – The Treaty of Saint Petersburg is signed between Japan and Russia.
• May 20 – The Metre Convention is signed in Paris, France.
• July 1 – The General Postal Union is established.
• September 1 – A murder conviction begins to break the power of the violent Irish-American anti-owner coal miners, the "Molly Maguires".
• September 7 – Battle of Agurdat: An Egyptian invasion of Ethiopia fails, when Emperor Yohannes IV defeats an army led by Werner Munzinger.
• October – The Ottoman state declares partial bankruptcy, and places its finances in the hands of European creditors.
• November 16 – Battle of Gundat: Ethiopian Emperor Yohannes IV defeats another Egyptian army.
• November 26 – The Times newspaper in London reveals that Isma'il Pasha has sold Egypt's 44% share in the Suez Canal to Britain, in a deal secured by Benjamin Disraeli, without the prior sanction of the British Parliament.
• December 4 – Notorious New York City politician Boss Tweed escapes from prison and flees to Cuba, then to Spain.
• December 20 – The ICRM is renamed the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
• The Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act 1875 is passed in the United Kingdom, to permit slum clearance.
• Widespread nationalist rebellion in the Ottoman Empire results in Turkish repression, Russian intervention and Great Power tensions.

 

Events

Event	Start	End
Pax Brittanica	1815	1915
Victorian era	1840	1901

 

New Groups

Group	Image	Type	Description
Brigham Young University		Private not-for-profit space grant	99 percent of the students are Mormons
Queen Margaret University		Public	Hosting the Institute for International Health & Development
Aligarh Muslim University			Before 1939, faculty members and students supported an all-India nationalist movement but after 1939, the university came to be a center of the Pakistan Movement.
Chernivtsi University			Founded in 1875 as the Austrian-Hungarian Franz-Josephs-Universität
Oslo Commerce School			A traditional mercantile high school in "the best part" of Oslo.
University of Birmingham		Public	University located in Birmingham, England
High Court of Justice			First instance with all high value and high importance civil law (non-criminal) cases in England, and also has a supervisory jurisdiction over all subordinate courts and tribunals.

 

Births

Title	Born	Place of birth	Died	Summary	Description
Ross Sterling	11 February 1875	Texas Anahuac	25 March 1949
Syngman Rhee	26 March 1875		19 July 1965	Politician
Owen Roberts	2 May 1875	United States Pennsylvania Philadelphia	2 May 1955
William Leahy	6 May 1875	Iowa Hampton	20 July 1959
George Herbert Walker	11 June 1875	US Missouri St. Louis	24 June 1953	Financier
John Buchan	26 August 1875	Scotland Perth	11 February 1940	Spook Politician Propagandist Deep state operative	UK deep state operative. Member of the Outer Circle of the Milner Group and Governor General of Canada from 1935-1940.
Eric Holt-Wilson	26 August 1875		26 March 1950	Spook Soldier	Draft The Defence of the Realm Act in 1914, later head of MI5
Aleister Crowley	12 October 1875	Warwickshire UK Royal Leamington Spa England	1 December 1947	Author Poet Mountaineer Occultist Satanism
Eugene Meyer	31 October 1875	United States Los Angeles California	17 July 1959	Spook Central banker
Friedrich von der Schulenburg	20 November 1875	Germany Kemberg	10 November 1944	Diplomat