1869
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 ( 1860s: )  1869    | |
|---|---|
 The Suez Canal opens, of immense importance to the British Empire | |
| year 1869 |
Events
- February 20 – Ranavalona II, the Merina Queen of Madagascar, is baptized.
- February 25 – The Iron and Steel Institute is formed in London.
- March 4 – Ulysses S. Grant is sworn in, as the 18th President of the United States.
- March 18 (O. S. March 6) – Dmitri Mendeleev makes a formal presentation of his periodic table to the Russian Chemical Society.
- March 24 – Titokowaru's War ends with the surrender of the last Māori troops at large, in the South Taranaki District of New Zealand's North Island.
- May – In France, the opposition, consisting of republicans, monarchists and liberals, polls almost 45% of the vote in national elections.
- May 10 – The First Transcontinental Railroad in North America is completed at Promontory, Utah, by the driving of the "golden spike".[1]
- May 15 – Women's suffrage: In New York, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman Suffrage Association.
- August 9 – August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht found the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP).
- September 24 – Black Friday: The Fisk–Gould Scandal causes a financial panic in the United States.
- October 11 – The Red River Rebellion breaks out against British forces in Canada.
- November 4 – The first issue of the scientific journal Nature is published in London, edited by Norman Lockyer.
- November 17 – In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
- November 19 – The Hudson's Bay Company surrenders its claim to Rupert's Land in Canada, under its letters patent, back to the British Crown.
- December 8 – The First Vatican Council opens in Rome.
Date unknown
- James Gordon Bennett, Jr. of the New York Herald asks Henry Morton Stanley to find Dr. David Livingstone.
- The Co-operative Central Board (later Co-operatives UK) is founded in Manchester, England.
- The Ladies National Association for the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts is founded in Great Britain.
- Campbell Soup Company has founded in New Jersey, United States.
- Heinz, as predecessor of Kraft Heinz, a food processing company worldwide, founded in Pennsylvania, United States.
Events
| Event | Start | End |
|---|---|---|
| Pax Brittanica | 1815 | 1915 |
| Victorian era | 1840 | 1901 |
New Groups
| Group | Image | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Potchefstroom University |  | The leadership of the university was part of the deep state Afrikaner Broederbond during the apartheid-era. | |
| Goldman Sachs |  | Public | |
| Sainsbury's |  | Second largest supermarket chain in the United Kingdom= | |
| Trinity University |  | University in San Antonio, Texas | |
| St. Cloud State University |  | Public | Until 1957 St. Cloud State Teachers College |
| University of Nebraska–Lincoln |  | Research Public Land-grant | University in Lincoln, Nebraska. |
| Purdue University |  | Public Land=grant | Public university system in the U.S. state of Indiana. |
==A Quotation==
Deaths
| Title | Born | Died | Place of death | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edward Smith-Stanley | 29 March 1799 | 23 October 1869 | Knowsley Hall UK | |
| Edwin Stanton | 19 December 1814 | 24 December 1869 | United States Washington DC | Politician Lawyer Deep state actor |
Births
| Title | Born | Place of birth | Died | Summary | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grigori Rasputin | 21 January 1869 | Tobolsk Siberia Russia/Tsarist Russia | 30 December 1916 | Deep politician Mystic | Russian mystic with great influence on the last Czar and Czarina of Russian. Murdered by British agents in 1916. |
| Neville Chamberlain | 18 March 1869 | United Kingdom Birmingham Warwickshire | 9 November 1940 | Politician | |
| Arvid Gerhard Damm | 27 May 1869 | 1927 | Engineer Inventor | Inventor who founded AB Cryptoteknik, which went on to become Crypto AG after his death | |
| Emma Goldman | 27 June 1869 | Kovno Russia/Tsarist Russia | 14 May 1940 | Author Activist Orator | Anarchist revolutionary deported from the US during the Palmer Raids |
| Mahatma Gandhi | 2 October 1869 | British Indian Empire Gujarat | 30 January 1948 | Author Activist Politician Lawyer | Indian non-violent revolutionary sage |
| Frederick Heinze | 5 December 1869 | New York Brooklyn | 4 November 1914 | Businessperson | A copper baron bankrupted by the money trust |
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