Center for Security Policy

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Group.png Center for Security Policy   WebsiteRdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
Formation1988
FounderFrank Gaffney.jpeg Frank Gaffney
HeadquartersWashington D.C.
Type lobby
Interestszionism
Sponsored byBoeing, CACI, General Dynamics, General Electric, Lockheed, Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, Raytheon, Sarah Scaife Foundation, Scaife Foundations
Subpage•Center for Security Policy/Affiliations and Funding
•Center for Security Policy/Controversies
•Center for Security Policy/National Security Advisory Council

The Center for Security Policy is a Washington-based organization set up by the hardline neoconservative Frank Gaffney, who worked in the defence department during the Ronald Reagan era. According to Jim Lobe, it is a "a small think tank funded mainly by U.S. defence contractors, far-right foundations, and right-wing Zionists".[1] It operates with the tagline 'promoting peace through strength', by which they appear to mean that global US dominance is the route to peace.

The Center states its mission as follows:

To identify challenges and opportunities likely to affect American security, broadly defined, and to act promptly and creatively to ensure that they are the subject of focused national examination and effective action.[2]

The Center has run campaigns and research on the subjects of nuclear deterrents, the war of ideas, weapons in space, Islamism and terror, among others.[3] Indeed Frank J. Gaffney Jnr describes his Center for Security Policy as "the special forces in the war of ideas"[4], stating that it has the advantage over a think tank of not being "slow and unwieldy" and being "able to turn around a product in a matter of hours".[5]

History

1976-1988

Important in itself, the Committee on the Present Danger’s (CPD) second incarnation in the 1970s and early 1980s was an extremely important predecessor to the Center for Security Policy. Set up as an independent and not-for-profit organisation, it was to assess the Soviet Union’s capabilities and threat to the United States in a non-partisan way. The group was originally called ‘Team B’ in opposition to the ‘Team A’ which did this job for the CIA, and had a political base through the Coalition for a Democratic Majority which was founded to try and fight back against any concessions made by the Democrats to the Soviet Union with regards to Foreign Policy. In 1976, this group helped set up the Committee for Present Danger to put pressure on Democrat President Jimmy Carter. The parallels with groups such as the Center for Security Policy can be shown by looking at who have been members of both – Paul Wolfowitz, Richard Perle, and even Ronald Reagan in 1979.

1988-1992

In 1987, Frank Gaffney broke with the Reagan administration over its decision to pursue treaties that aimed for nuclear arms reduction in cooperation with the Soviet Union. Gaffney argued against this policy and continued to push for a hard-line, anti-Soviet rhetoric and the continued buildup of nuclear weapons. The following year he founded the Center for Security Policy, basing it loosely on the Committee on the Present Danger, which had taken up the same aggressive opposition to nuclear arms reduction. Gaffney and his colleagues were quick to criticise the Republican President for moving towards liberal governance and preferred to push claims about the level of threat posed to the United States by the Red Menace and the need to possess a much larger nuclear arsenal than that of their rival.

1992-2000

During the Carter and Clinton administrations, the group who formed the basis for the Center for Security Policy, the neoconservatives, found themselves in opposition to a Democratic administration with different foreign policy aims and methodologies. Along with the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs (JINSA), the CSP became the main bedrock of shadow defence policy during the 1990s,[6] a time when the group helped to bring the militarisation of space from the realm of science fiction to almost reality. One of their elaborate claims throughout the 1990s resulted in support for the newly created Project for a New American Century, in which a letter was signed by several prominent CSP members, among others, and sent to President Clinton to urge him to attack Iraq due to the “scourge of Saddam and the weapons of mass destruction that he refuses to relinquish.” [7] Gaffney was also proud of his group’s involvement in both the Rumsfeld Missile Commission and the Rumsfeld Space Commission which both suggested that the United States was under far more of a threat than previously suggested and, of course, than it realistically was. Gaffney has been known to describe his baby, the CSP, as the “Dominos Pizza of the policy business”[8] due to its speed at being responding to any situation with a demand and suggestion for policy, usually of a hard-line, neoconservative nature.

2000-present

When George W. Bush, himself a hard-line neoconservative, was elected in the year 2000, members of the Center for Security Policy gained important positions in the administration. Frank Gaffney, Richard Perle, Douglas Feith and John Bolton are all names that have become synonymous with the neoconservative agenda and aggressive "War on Terror" foreign policy that has been a feature of the world in the past 8 years, providing much work and profit to companies such as Boeing and Lockheed Martin. The events of September 11, 2001 gave the Center for Security Policy a new impetus to push both its war of ideas and its idea of “America the vulnerable”, building on its "educational video" of 1998 with the same name,[9] and through Gaffney and the CSP’s network of members throughout the administration. Indeed, when Donald Rumsfeld addressed the ‘Keeper of the Flame’ banquet in November 2001 he said of Gaffney, "If there was any doubt about the power of your ideas, one only has to look at the number of Center associates who people this administration — and particularly the Department of Defense — to dispel them."[10] He made this statement in front of a banner proclaiming CSP’s ominous motto of “Peace Through Strength”, suggesting that the CSP was influential in the early stages of the supposed “War on Terror”.

Center for Security Policy Board of Directors

Chairman of the Board

Directors

  • Bruce J. Brotman, vice president of strategic plans at National Biometric Security.[11]
  • M.D.B. Carlisle Former Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs, and former Chief of Staff to Senator Thad Cochran
  • Terry Elkes Principal & Co-Owner, Apollo Partners, LLC. He manages and co-owns Apollo Partners, LLC, a private equity firm engaged in acquiring media, communications, entertainment, and broadcasting companies. Elkes' experience in media acquisition dates back to his work as president and CEO of Viacom in the 1970s and 1980s.[12]
  • Frank J. Gaffney, Jr. President, Center for Security Policy. He formerly acted as the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy during the Reagan Administration, following four years of service as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear Forces and Arms Control Policy.[13]
  • James T. deGraffenreid is a former CSP chairman, and he remains on the board. He was a principal in two major defense-related industries: HP Associates (formerly Phillips Publishing), which is a "key information supplier to the Defense, Aviation, Telecommunication, and Energy Industries"; and First Service Networks (formerly Sure Air Corp)."[14]
  • Lt. Col. Marlin L. Hefti, USMC (Ret.) Vice President, Van Scoyoc Associates
  • Charles M. Kupperman, the former Vice President of Strategic Integration & Operations, Missile Defense Systems, the Boeing Company
  • Dominic J. Monetta, President, Resource Alternatives, Inc.
  • Miles Prentice III is a Partner at Eaton & Van Winkle, LLP
  • David P. Steinmann (JINSA), Managing Director of American Securities, L.P.[15]
  • Allen M. Taylor, Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation

National Security Advisory Council

CSP Board of Advisors has been renamed the National Security Advisory Council (NSAC).

Many of the members of the council also held senior positions with the George W. Bush administration, including:

  • Mark Albrecht, former Executive Secretary of the White House National Space Council
  • Morris Amitay, former Foreign Service Officer and legislative assistant in the House of Representatives [16]

Most of the NSAC memberships overlap with the Committee on the Present Danger, including:


Mark Albrecht Morris Amitay William Ball Kathleen Bailey
Robert Barker William Bennett J. Stephen Britt Charles Brooks
Beverly Byron Margo D. B. Carlisle Henry Cooper Christopher Cox
Devon Gaffney Cross Brian Dailey Mitchell Daniels Midge Decter
Diana Denman Stanley Ebner Andrew Ellis Charles Fairbanks
Edwin Feulner, Jr. Rand Fishbein Frank Gaffney, Jr. Paul Goble
Daniel Gouré Douglas Graham Margaret Graham William Graham
Dorothy (Deecy) Gray E.C. Grayson James Hackett Charles Hamilton
Amoretta Hoeber John David Hoppe Charles Horner William Houser
Tim Hutchinson Kay Bailey Hutchison Henry Hyde Fred Iklé
James M. Inhofe Bruce Jackson Jamie Jameson Clark Judge
Phyllis Kaminsky Garry Kasparov Alan Keyes George Keyworth
Jeane Kirkpatrick Charles Kupperman Curtin Winsor, Jr. Christopher Lay
John Lehman John Lenczowski Robert Livingston James Longley
Carnes Lord Jennifer Macdonald Warren Marik Taffy Gould McCallum
Tidal McCoy James McCrery Kinnaird McKee Bruce Merrifield
Philip Merrill J.William Middendorf Thomas Miller Dominic Monetta
Thomas Moore Laurie Mylroie Robert Patron Richard Perle
John Piotrowski Roger Robinson, Jr. Edward Rowny Albert Santoli
William Schneider, Jr. Bernard Schriever John Shadegg James Gregory Sherr
Bob Smith Carl Smith Owen T. Smith Jose Sorzano
Howard Teicher Edward Teller William R. Van Cleave Troy Wade
Arthur Waldron Malcolm Wallop James Webb Curt Weldon
Faith Whittlesey Pete Wilson Deborah Wince-Smith  

Center staff

Military Committee

In 1999, the CSP created the military committee filled with former high ranking officers in order to create links with the armed forces. the aim of this committee was to "put U.S. national security once again on sound footing — not only in the war against terrorism but in the defense transformation that is so desperately needed."[18]

The current chairman, Maj. Gen. Paul Vallely, is a past deputy commander of all U.S. Army forces in the Pacific. According to CSP, "General Vallely is working with other members of the Committee — many of whom are among the foremost national security practitioners and thinkers of our time — to engage the military community, and those attentive to its views, as catalysts for renewing America's defense capabilities and adopting effective peace-through-strength policies to guide their use."[19]

Academic Council

The Academic Council is comprised of 18 professors who adhere to the CSP's mandate of "peace through strength" and strive to pass on this philosophy to students across the country. Although there is large scale hostility and resistance amongst professors to the governments leadership, CSP realises the importance of educating and training the next generation and mobilises its academic council as its voice in the academic realm. The stated goals of the council are as follows:

  • Help in the education and development of the next generation of robust academics and policy practitioners in the defense, national security, international affairs, intelligence and related fields.
  • Serve as a networking vehicle among established and emerging scholars, their students, prospective students and the policy community
  • Promote the intellectual work of its members, their colleagues and students, and to ensure them the greatest possible exposure.[20]

Board of Regents

The CSP created a board of regents in 2003 to promote and establish support for the center. The chairman of the board, Miles Prentice, along with other members, strives to bring the Center's work to the forefront of the minds of new audiences and generate funding for ongoing research. In order to create interest in the Center, the board of regents establishes links with business and community leaders. The Center states: "Such interactions occur at the monthly Regents Breakfast Series held at New York’s St. Regis Hotel. In addition, the Board sponsors each year two major events in New York: the Regents Annual Dinner held in June and the Mightier Pen Award luncheon held in the late Fall."[21]

The board of regents has become an integral part of the success of CSP and in 2005 the Regents council was formed to aid and add strength to the board. The council consists of young professionals who work closely with the board.

Prominent members

Frank Gaffney

Gaffney served as an aide to the late Senator Henry M. “Scoop” Jackson in the areas of defence and foreign policy for a short period and in consequent years held the position of Secretary of Defence for Nuclear Forces and Arms Control Policy under the surveillance of the Assistant of Security, Richard Perle. It was in April 1987 when Gaffney became part of the Reagan administration where he was nominated to become the Assistant Secretary of Defence for International Security Policy; the senior position within the Defense Department with a key responsibility for policies such as nuclear forces, arms control and U.S.-European defence relations. Gaffney also served as the Chairman of the prestigious High Level Group, NATO's senior politico-military committee.[22] It was after this period in which Gaffney became Founder and President of the Center for Security and Policy, established in 1988.

Out-with Gaffney’s well-connected political realm, he is also an established name within literature, academia and the media. He is the author of War Footing: Ten Steps America Must Take to Prevail in the War for the Free World[23] and he has published articles in: The Wall Street Journal, USA Today, The New Republic, The Washington Post, The New York Times, The Christian Science Monitor, The Los Angeles Times, National Review, Newsday, American Legion Magazine, and Commentary Magazine. Gaffney is cited in the press as an expert on U.S foreign policy whilst (according to author and civil rights litigator Glenn Greenwald in an article for Salon.com) flouting his often extremist views.[24]. Greenwald describes Gaffney as

beating [his] chest and issuing calls for vastly escalated slaughter in the form of sloganeering such as "the U.S. needs to start doing what needs to be done in the Middle East", but when challenged about these views or called upon to say explicitly what they mean, [he] very frequently lacks the courage of [his] convictions, fearfully running away from the clear meaning of what [he] said.[25]

Gaffney's extremist, neoconservative roots can be found in his support for advocacy groups and research institutes such as the Project for the New American Century, Gaffney being one of the founding members. His support continues with contributions to the Ariel Center, a contributing member of the Committee on the Present Danger, an Adviser for the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, and in latter years an Advisor for Americans for Victory over Terrorism. [26]

Richard Perle

Perle is a member of the Center for Security Policy's Board of Advisors. He was a former Assistant Secretary of Defence for International Security Policy during the period of 1981-87, and worked along-side Frank Gaffney. Perle has also served as Chairman of Defence Policy Board (2001-2003), is the Resident Fellow for the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research and is consequently "a leading authority on national security, military requirements, arms proliferation and defence, and regional conflicts." [27]

In addition, Perle has an abundance of publications (in the same newspapers that Gaffney writes for). These include: the New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal and the Jerulsalem Post. Perle was has written politically orientated works which include Hardline and An End to Evil: How to Win the War on Terror.[28] A review of the book An End to Evil by Gary Kamiya for Salon.com says that if the book's "recommendations are a little too extreme even for the George W.Bush-Dick Cheney-Paul Wolfowitz triumvirate, its underlying world-view is identical to theirs."[29]

Perle's profile on RightWeb states:

Perle's pessimism on Iraq stands in stark contrast to his trademark hard-nosed militarism, which has been a staple of his rhetoric for more than two decades. Reflecting core aspects of what many regard as the neoconservative worldview, Perle's discourse typically reflects a combination of warrior worship, existential conflict, and extreme moral righteousness.[30]

Despite his predilection for military intervention, Perle is unconventional in the sense that his support for the invasion of Iraq has wavered; not because now he disbelieves the claim that there were 'weapons of mass destruction' - he does not, but, he speculates about whether or not 'we' could have managed that threat by means other than a direct military intervention. His response? "Well, maybe we could have."[31]

Perle's views are illustrated by his affiliations, which include:[32]

  • his position as Resident Fellow in the American Enterprise Institue
  • membership of the Board of Advisers in the Foundation for the Defence of Democracies
  • an Adviser for the Jewish Institute for National Securtiy Affairs
  • his position on the Board of Trustees in the Hudson Institue
  • membership of the American Commitee for Peace in Chechnya
  • membership of the Committee on the Present Danger
  • the Chairman for the Council on Foreign Relations
  • Golden Circle supporter for the U.S. Committee for a Free Lebanon.

Douglas Feith

Douglas Feith is the Former Chairman, a Founding Member and on the Board of Advisers for the Center for Security Policy. Feith is also the former U.S. Deputy Under-secretary of Defense for Policy (number three position). He did, however, resign from the Department of Defense, which "sparked widespread speculation among observers that he was pressured to leave because of a number of then-ongoing investigations related to the administration's efforts to bolster support for the Iraq War."[33]

Feith was one of the signatories to the 1998 letter "to President Bill Clinton calling for a 'comprehensive political and military strategy for bringing down Saddam and his regime' which was produced by the Project for the New American Century."[34] In addition, Feith is affiliated to a extensive range of groups. These include: membership of the Council on Foreign Relations; an Ex-Official Member of the U.S. Institute of Peace; the Assistant Secretary for the Foundation for Jewish Studies; a Letter Signatory for the Middle East Forum; a Study Participant for the Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies; the Co-founder of One Jerusalem; a Missile Defense Study Team Leader for the National Institute for Public Policy and a Former Adviser for the Institute for National Security Affairs.

Donald Rumsfeld

Donald Rumsfeld is the former Secretary of Defense from 2001 (resigning in 2006). He is also a former Navy pilot, serving as the 13th Secretary of Defence, White House Chief of Staff, U.S. Ambassador to NATO, U.S. Congressman and Chief Executive Officer of two Fortune 500 companies. [35] Rumsfeld's experience extends further, ranging federal positions which allowed him to support neoconservative and hardline defence policies, with extensive membership from being a Member of the President's General Advisory Committee on Arms Control (1982-1986) to then his latter years including: the National Commission on Public Service; the National Economic Commission; the Board of Visitors of the National Defence University; the Commission on U.S./Japan Relations and also a member of the U.S. Trade Deficit Review Commission.[36]

It is unsurprising that Rumsfeld's range of experience is almost as impressive as his range of affiliations, as they prove just as extensive. They include links with the Intelligence Community, the Atlantic Institute and the Bilderberg Group. Significantly, Rumsfeld (like Douglas Feith) was "one of the signers of the January 26, 1998, Project for the New American Century (PNAC) letter sent to President William Jefferson Clinton".[37] Rumsfeld continues to be one of the Center for Security Policy's key financial supporters.

Paul Wolfowitz

Wolfowitz held the position of Defense Deputy Secretary under Rumsfeld and is also a member of the Rumsfeld Commission on the Ballistic Missile Threat. Wolfowitz was also a Founding Signatory for the Project for the New American Century. According to SourceWatch, Paul Wolfowitz "is best known to be one of the 'architects' of the war against Iraq."[38] Wolfowitz gained the position as chair of the U.S. State Department's International Security Advisory Board (ISAB) which is tasked with providing the State "with independent insight and advice on all aspects of arms control, disarmament, international security and related aspects of public diplomacy."[39] Fellow neocons from the National Institute for Public Policy and the Center for Security Policy served under Wolfowitz.[40]

The extent of Wolfowitz's affiliations - like his "similar-minded foreign policy hawks"[41] - is massive, including: the position as a Visiting Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, former President of the World Bank; a Paid Speaker at both the Heritage Foundation and Hudson Institute; a Member of the Rand 2001 Transition Panel; Visiting Professor and latterly a Dean at the Johns Hopkins School for Advanced International Studies; a Professor at Yale University and (as state prior) a Founding Signatory for the Project for the New American Century. [42]

Dick Cheney

Dick Cheney was the Vice President of the United States in the George W. Bush administration, supporting the invasion of Iraq (along with Rumsfeld) even before 9/11. In January 2006 he held the belief that "we've had a lot of good news out of Iraq over the course of the last year. It's hard sometimes to see through that, given the continued level of violence, obviously."[43] Cheney has similar views to Rumsfeld and his alliance with core neoconservatives like Paul Wolfowitz is also marked: Wolfowitz worked under Cheney when Wolfowitz was Defence Secretary during the George H.W. Bush administration. Together they oversaw the drafting of the notorious Defense Planning Guidance.[44]

Cheney's affiliations include: Advisory Board Member for the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs; a Congressional Fellow for the American Political Science Association; a Senior Fellow for the American Enterprise Institute and - like Gaffney, Rumsfeld, Bolton and Wolfowitz - a key signature on the Project for the New American Century's founding statement of principles. [45]

John Bolton

Like Cheney, one of John Bolton's key affiliations is his position as a Senior Fellow in the American Enterprise Institute, which he took up after resigning as the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. According to Rightweb, at the AEI he continued to advocate "the same set of policies he vigorously championed first as the Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs".[46] His list of affiliations includes: the American Enterprise Institute; former President of the National Policy Forum; former Senior Fellow for the Manhattan Institute; commissioner for the U.S. Commission for International Religious Freedom; Former Executive Director for the Republican National Committee; a Former Advisory Board member for the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs; Longtime Activist for the Federalist Society; Member for the Committee for Peace and Security in the Gulf; Former Contributing Columnist for the Taipei Times and - like all the prominent members of the Center for Security Policy - he was a Letter Signatory, a Member and part of the Board of Directors for the Project for the New American Century.[47]

Resources

See also:

Affiliations

Related Articles

 

Employees on Wikispooks

EmployeeJobAppointedEndDescription
Christine BrimSenior Vice President for Policy and Program Management2011
J. Michael WallerSenior Strategy Analyst2018Before that Vice President for Information Operations

 

Known member

All 1 of the members already have pages here:

MemberDescription
William SchneiderAn advocate use of the first-strike use of nuclear weapons. Attendee of Le Cercle

 

Sponsors

EventDescription
BoeingUS based arms manufacturer which also makes civilian aircraft that since the 1990s have became known for their sometimes dubious reliability.
CACIMajor MIC contractor; torture in Abu Ghraib. Often referred to as “Colonels and Captains, Inc.” to indicate the frequent revolving door of senior military personnel in the company. The company also has strong Israeli ties.
General DynamicsUS arms manufacturer
General Electric
Lockheed"Nobody is doing a better job of arming the world than Lockheed-Martin"
Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation
RaytheonMilitary-industrial complex.
Sarah Scaife Foundation
Scaife FoundationsGrant-making foundation overseen by the late right-wing billionaire Richard Mellon Scaife.
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References

  1. ↑ Jim Lobe, Neo-Con Superhawk Earns His Wings on Port Flap, IPS News, 24 February 2006.
  2. ↑ Center for Security Policy "The Center's Role in National Security Policy accessed 26th February 2008
  3. ↑ Center for Security Policy Center for Security Policy Projects accessed 26th February 2008
  4. ↑ Common Dreams News Center Neo-Con Superhawk Earns His Wings on Port Flap accessed 26th February 2008
  5. ↑ The Washington Times Keeper of the flame for foreign-policy hard-liners accessed 26th of February 2008
  6. ↑ Jason Vest, The Men From JINSA and CSP, The Nation, 15 August 2002, accessed 4th March 2008
  7. ↑ Right Web Center for Security Policy accessed 4th March 2008
  8. ↑ Media Transparency Recipent Grants: The Center for Security Policy accessed 4th March 2008
  9. ↑ Right Web Center for Security Policy accessed 4th March 2008
  10. ↑ Right Web Center for Security Policy accessed 4th March 2008
  11. ↑ Center for Security Policy Center for Security Policy accessed 12th March 2008
  12. ↑ Center for Security Policy Center for Security Policy accessed 12th March 2008
  13. ↑ Military Military.com accessed 12th March 2008
  14. ↑ Right Web Center for Security Policy accessed 12th March 2008
  15. ↑ Center for Security Policy The Center's Board of Directors accessed 12th March 2008
  16. ↑ Sourcewatch Center for Security Policy accessed 24th March 2008
  17. ↑ Center Staff], Center for Security Policy, accessed 2 September 2009.
  18. ↑ Right Web Center for Security Policy accessed 24th March 2008
  19. ↑ Right Web Center for Security Policy accessed 24th March 2008
  20. ↑ Center for Security Policy The Center's Academic Council accessed 24th March 2008
  21. ↑ Center for Security Policy Board of Regents accessed 25th March 2008
  22. ↑ Center for Security Policy Frank Gaffney Biography accessed 26th February 2008
  23. ↑ Center for Security Policy Frank Gaffney Biography accessed 26th February 2008
  24. ↑ Right Web center for Security Policy accessed 26th February 2008
  25. ↑ Glenn Greenwald, Debate with Frank Gaffney, Salon.com, Feb 16 2007, accessed 20th March 2008
  26. ↑ Right Web Center for Security Policy accessed 20th March
  27. ↑ AEI Richard Perle Biography accessed 21st March
  28. ↑ AEI Richard Perle Biography accessed 21st March 2008
  29. ↑ Gary Kamiya, Review of An End to Evil, Salon.com, Jan 30, 2004, accessed 21st March 2008
  30. ↑ Richard Perle, RightWeb, updated Feb 1 2007, accessed 18 Aug 2009
  31. ↑ Right Web Center for Security accessed 19th March 2008
  32. ↑ Right Web Richard Perle Profile accessed 20th March 2008
  33. ↑ Right Web Douglas Feith accessed 17th March 2008
  34. ↑ Right Web Douglas Feith Profile accessed 21st March 2008
  35. ↑ The White House Rumsfeld Biography accessed 24th March 2008
  36. ↑ The White House Rumsfeld Biography accessed 24th March 2008
  37. ↑ Source Watch Douglas H. Rumsfeld accessed 24th March 2008
  38. ↑ SourceWatch Paul Wolfowitz accessed 24th March 2008
  39. ↑ Right Web Paul Wolfowitz Profile accessed 24 March 2008
  40. ↑ Right Web Paul Wolfowitz Profile accessed 24th March 2008
  41. ↑ Right Web Paul Wolfowitz Profile accessed 24th March 2008
  42. ↑ Right Web Paul Wolfowitz Profile accessed 24th March 2008
  43. ↑ Vice President Dick Cheney Talks with Sean Hannity, FoxNews.com, 20 January 2006, accessed 20 Aug 2009
  44. ↑ Right Web Dick Cheney Profile accessed 24th March 2008
  45. ↑ Right Web Dick Cheney Profile accessed 23rd March 2008
  46. ↑ Right Web John Bolton Profile accessed 22nd March 2008
  47. ↑ Right Web John Bolton Profile accessed 21st March 2008
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