Difference between revisions of "Moscow State University"

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|motto=Наука есть ясное познание истины, просвещение разума
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|motto_translation=Science/Learning is clear understanding of truth and enlightenment of the mind.
 
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'''Moscow State University''' (''Lomonosov State University of Moscow'', often abbreviated МГУ, ''MGU'') is a [[Mixed-sex education|coeducational]] and [[public university|public]] [[research university]] located in [[Moscow]], [[Russia]]. It was founded on {{OldStyleDate|23 January|1755|12 January}} by [[Mikhail Lomonosov]]. During the Soviet period, MSU was renamed after Lomonosov in 1940 and was then known as ''Lomonosov University''. Its current [[Rector (academia)|rector]] is [[Viktor Sadovnichiy]].
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Moscow State University has educated many notable alumni including leaders of the [[Soviet Union]] and other governments as well as a [[Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus|Patriarch of Russian Orthodox Church]]. As of 2019, [[List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation|13 Nobel laureates]], [[List of Fields Medal winners by university affiliation|6 Fields Medal winners]] and [[List of Turing Award laureates by university affiliation|1 Turing Award winner]] have been affiliated with the university. According to the 2019 QS World University Rankings, it is the highest-ranking Russian educational institution<ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020|title=QS World University Rankings 2020</ref> and according to the [[Nature Index]], it is highest ranking Russian university for research output.<ref>https://www.natureindex.com/annual-tables/2019/institution/all/all/countries-Russia</ref> The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments and 6 branches (including five foreign ones - all in the CIS countries).
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==History==
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===Imperial Moscow University===
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[[File:Moscow Red Square rathaus, survey by Bove, 1816.jpg|thumb|150px|left|The Principal Medicine Store building on Red Square that housed Moscow University from 1755 to 1787]]
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[[File:mgu 1798.jpg|thumb|Main buildings of the university in Mokhovaya Street, 1798]]
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[[Ivan Shuvalov]] and [[Mikhail Lomonosov]] promoted the idea of a university in Moscow, and [[Elizabeth of Russia|Russian Empress Elizabeth]] decreed its establishment on {{OldStyleDate|23 January|1755|12 January}}.
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The first lectures were given on {{OldStyleDate|7 May||26 April}}. Russians still celebrate 25 January as [[Tatiana Day|Students' Day]]. (Foundation of the University is traditionally associated with the feast of [[Tatiana of Rome|Saint Tatiana]], celebrated by the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] on 12 January Julian, which corresponds to 25 January Gregorian in the 20th–21st centuries.)
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[[Saint Petersburg State University]] and Moscow State University engage in friendly rivalry over the title of Russia's oldest university.  Though Moscow State University was founded in 1755, its competitor in St. Petersburg has had a continuous existence as a "university" since 1819 and sees itself as the successor of an academy established on 24 January 1724, by a decree of [[Peter the Great]].
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The present Moscow State University originally occupied the [[State Historical Museum|Principal Medicine Store]] on [[Red Square]] from 1755 to 1787.  [[Catherine II of Russia|Catherine the Great]] transferred the University to a [[Neoclassicism|Neoclassical]] building on the other side of Mokhovaya Street; that main building was constructed between 1782 and 1793 in the Neo-Palladian style, to a design by [[Matvei Kazakov]], and rebuilt by [[Domenico Giliardi]] after the [[Fire of Moscow (1812)|fire consumed much of Moscow in 1812]].
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In the 18th century, the University had three departments: [[philosophy]], [[medicine]], and [[law]]. A preparatory college was affiliated with the University until its abolition in 1812.  In 1779, [[Mikhail Kheraskov]] founded a boarding school for noblemen (Благородный пансион) which in 1830 became a [[gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] for the [[Russian nobility]].  The [[university press]], run by [[Nikolay Novikov]] in the 1780s, published the most popular newspaper in Imperial Russia:  ''[[Moskovskie Vedomosti]]''.
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[[File:Moscow 05-2012 Mokhovaya 05.jpg|thumb|left|{{As of | 2015}}, the Old Building housed the Department of Oriental studies]]
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In 1804, medical education split into clinical (therapy), [[Surgery|surgical]], and [[obstetrics]] faculties.  During 1884–1897, the Department of Medicine—supported by private donations, and the municipal and imperial governments—built an extensive, 1.6-kilometer-long, state-of-the-art medical campus in [[Devichye Pole]], between the [[Garden Ring]] and [[Novodevichy Convent]]; this had been designed by [[:ru:Быковский, Константин Михайлович|Konstantin Bykovsky]], with university doctors like [[Nikolay Sklifosovskiy]] and Fyodor Erismann acting as consultants.  The campus, and medical education in general, were separated from the Moscow University in 1930. Devichye Pole was operated by the independent [[I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University]] and by various other state and private institutions.
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The roots of student unrest in the University reach deep into the nineteenth century. In 1905, a social-democratic organization emerged at the University and called for the overthrow of the Czarist government and the establishment of a republic in Russia.  The [[Russian Empire|imperial]] government repeatedly threatened to close the University.  In 1911, in a protest over the introduction of troops onto the campus and mistreatment of certain professors, 130 scientists and professors resigned ''en masse'', including such prominent men as [[Nikolay Dimitrievich Zelinskiy]], [[Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev]], and [[Sergei Alekseevich Chaplygin]]; thousands of students were expelled.
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===Moscow State University===
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[[File:Moscow University stamp 1960.png|thumb|A 1962 Soviet stamp features Moscow State University]]
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After the [[October Revolution]] of 1917, the institution began to admit the children of the proletariat and peasantry.  In 1919, the University abolished fees for tuition and established a preparatory facility to help working-class children prepare for entrance examinations. 
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The MSU main building was the tallest building in the world outside of New York City at the time of its construction, and remained the tallest building in Europe until 1990. The central tower is 240 m tall, 36 stories high, and flanked by four huge wings of student and faculty accommodations. It is said to contain a total of 33 kilometres of corridors and 5,000 rooms.
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[[File:Msu-Languagebuilding-seabhcan.JPG|thumb|left|The first Humanities Building]]
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After 1991, nine new faculties were established.  The following year, the University gained a unique status:  it is funded directly from the state budget (bypassing the Ministry of Education), thus providing the University a significant level of independence.
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[[File:RIAN archive 113828 Students' holiday, St. Tatyana's Day and the 250th anniversary of Moscow State University named after M. Lomonosov..jpg|thumb|left|Students celebrating the 250th anniversary of the university in 2005]]
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{{SMWDocs}}
 
{{SMWDocs}}
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
{{reflist}}
 
{{reflist}}
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Latest revision as of 07:24, 4 February 2021

Group.png Moscow State University  
(University) WebsiteRdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
MottoНаука есть ясное познание истины, просвещение разума
(Science/Learning is clear understanding of truth and enlightenment of the mind.)
FormationJanuary 25, 1755
HeadquartersMoscow
Type Public
One of the main universities in Russia (and The USSR), and somewhat of a liberal bastion.

Moscow State University (Lomonosov State University of Moscow, often abbreviated МГУ, MGU) is a coeducational and public research university located in Moscow, Russia. It was founded on Template:OldStyleDate by Mikhail Lomonosov. During the Soviet period, MSU was renamed after Lomonosov in 1940 and was then known as Lomonosov University. Its current rector is Viktor Sadovnichiy.

Moscow State University has educated many notable alumni including leaders of the Soviet Union and other governments as well as a Patriarch of Russian Orthodox Church. As of 2019, 13 Nobel laureates, 6 Fields Medal winners and 1 Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the university. According to the 2019 QS World University Rankings, it is the highest-ranking Russian educational institution[1] and according to the Nature Index, it is highest ranking Russian university for research output.[2] The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments and 6 branches (including five foreign ones - all in the CIS countries).

History

Imperial Moscow University

The Principal Medicine Store building on Red Square that housed Moscow University from 1755 to 1787
Main buildings of the university in Mokhovaya Street, 1798

Ivan Shuvalov and Mikhail Lomonosov promoted the idea of a university in Moscow, and Russian Empress Elizabeth decreed its establishment on Template:OldStyleDate. The first lectures were given on Template:OldStyleDate. Russians still celebrate 25 January as Students' Day. (Foundation of the University is traditionally associated with the feast of Saint Tatiana, celebrated by the Russian Orthodox Church on 12 January Julian, which corresponds to 25 January Gregorian in the 20th–21st centuries.)

Saint Petersburg State University and Moscow State University engage in friendly rivalry over the title of Russia's oldest university. Though Moscow State University was founded in 1755, its competitor in St. Petersburg has had a continuous existence as a "university" since 1819 and sees itself as the successor of an academy established on 24 January 1724, by a decree of Peter the Great.

The present Moscow State University originally occupied the Principal Medicine Store on Red Square from 1755 to 1787. Catherine the Great transferred the University to a Neoclassical building on the other side of Mokhovaya Street; that main building was constructed between 1782 and 1793 in the Neo-Palladian style, to a design by Matvei Kazakov, and rebuilt by Domenico Giliardi after the fire consumed much of Moscow in 1812.

In the 18th century, the University had three departments: philosophy, medicine, and law. A preparatory college was affiliated with the University until its abolition in 1812. In 1779, Mikhail Kheraskov founded a boarding school for noblemen (Благородный пансион) which in 1830 became a gymnasium for the Russian nobility. The university press, run by Nikolay Novikov in the 1780s, published the most popular newspaper in Imperial Russia: Moskovskie Vedomosti.

As of 2015, the Old Building housed the Department of Oriental studies

In 1804, medical education split into clinical (therapy), surgical, and obstetrics faculties. During 1884–1897, the Department of Medicine—supported by private donations, and the municipal and imperial governments—built an extensive, 1.6-kilometer-long, state-of-the-art medical campus in Devichye Pole, between the Garden Ring and Novodevichy Convent; this had been designed by Konstantin Bykovsky, with university doctors like Nikolay Sklifosovskiy and Fyodor Erismann acting as consultants. The campus, and medical education in general, were separated from the Moscow University in 1930. Devichye Pole was operated by the independent I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and by various other state and private institutions.

The roots of student unrest in the University reach deep into the nineteenth century. In 1905, a social-democratic organization emerged at the University and called for the overthrow of the Czarist government and the establishment of a republic in Russia. The imperial government repeatedly threatened to close the University. In 1911, in a protest over the introduction of troops onto the campus and mistreatment of certain professors, 130 scientists and professors resigned en masse, including such prominent men as Nikolay Dimitrievich Zelinskiy, Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev, and Sergei Alekseevich Chaplygin; thousands of students were expelled.

Moscow State University

A 1962 Soviet stamp features Moscow State University

After the October Revolution of 1917, the institution began to admit the children of the proletariat and peasantry. In 1919, the University abolished fees for tuition and established a preparatory facility to help working-class children prepare for entrance examinations. The MSU main building was the tallest building in the world outside of New York City at the time of its construction, and remained the tallest building in Europe until 1990. The central tower is 240 m tall, 36 stories high, and flanked by four huge wings of student and faculty accommodations. It is said to contain a total of 33 kilometres of corridors and 5,000 rooms.

The first Humanities Building

After 1991, nine new faculties were established. The following year, the University gained a unique status: it is funded directly from the state budget (bypassing the Ministry of Education), thus providing the University a significant level of independence.

Students celebrating the 250th anniversary of the university in 2005


 

Alumni on Wikispooks

PersonBornDiedNationalitySummaryDescription
Antonio Maria Costa16 June 1941Economist
Oleg Deripaska2 January 1968Billionaire
Businessperson		Russian billionaire, WEF Global Leader for Tomorrow
Darya Dugina15 December 199220 August 2022Journalist
Activist		Russian journalist and political activist who was killed in a car bombing on the outskirts of Moscow on 20 August 2022
Yegor Gaidar19 March 195616 December 2009RussianSpook
Politician		Prime Minister of Russia in 1992
Sergei Glazyev1 January 1961RussianPoliticianRussian politician, economist and full member of Russian Academy of Science since 2008
Mikhail Gorbachev2 March 193130 August 2022RussianPolitician
Lawyer		Last President of the Soviet Union.
Ion Iliescu3 March 1930RomaniaPolitician
Andrei Kolesnikov29 July 1965RussianJournalist
Think-tanker		Russian liberal exile and "fierce critic" of Putin, working for the deep state Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Attended the 2023 Bilderberg meeting.
Andrey Kostin21 September 1956RussianBanker
Deep state operative		Russian banker and deep state operative. WEF/Global Leaders for Tomorrow/1999 with extensive ties to the WEF.
Sergei Kovalev2 March 1930RussianActivist
Politician
Eduard Kuznetsov29 January 1939Israel
Russian		Author
Mikhail Margelov22 December 1964RussianPolitician
Propagandist		Russian liberal politician. Played a major role as propagandist in the 1996 election campaign of Boris Yeltsin in 1996 and for Vladimir Putin in 2000. Attended the 2003 Bilderberg meeting.
Irina NevzlinJuly 1978IsraelBusinessperson
Dmitry Peskov17 October 1967RussianPress secretary
Anna Politkovskaya30 August 19587 October 2006RussianAuthor
Journalist
Activist
Russian apartment bombings/Premature death		A staunch opponent of the Second Chechen War who was assassinated.
Yevgeny Primakov29 October 192926 June 2015RussianSpook
Deep politician		Primakov is associated with Russia's transition from a decade of Atlanticism to a course towards a multi-polar foreign policy.
Igor Shuvalov4 January 1967RussianPoliticianRussian politician, former Deputy Prime Minister
Dimitri Simes29 October 1947President of Center for the National Interest
Nikolai Sokov
Vladimir Ivanovich Voronkov21 June 1953RussianDiplomatRussian diplomat. Under-Secretary for the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Office since 2017.
Vladimir Zhirinovsky25 April 19466 April 2022RussianPoliticianLeading Russian politician who died suddenly
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References

  1. ↑ https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020%7Ctitle=QS World University Rankings 2020
  2. ↑ https://www.natureindex.com/annual-tables/2019/institution/all/all/countries-Russia
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