Difference between revisions of "Mont Pelerin Society"
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|constitutes=think-tank | |constitutes=think-tank | ||
|logo= | |logo= | ||
| − | |interests=neoliberalism,privatization | + | |interests=neoliberalism,privatization,Chicago Boys,Thatcherism, Reaganomics |
|start=10 April 1947 | |start=10 April 1947 | ||
| − | |description= | + | |description=influential neoliberal think-tank |
| − | |||
|website=https://www.montpelerin.org/ | |website=https://www.montpelerin.org/ | ||
|founders=Friedrich Hayek | |founders=Friedrich Hayek | ||
|num_staff= | |num_staff= | ||
| − | |members= | + | |members=Aaron Director, Alain de Benoist, Alain Madelin, Alan Charles Kors, Alan Greenspan, Alan Reynolds, Alexander Hryntschak, Alexander Rüstow, Alfred Amonn, Alfred Müller-Armack, Alfred Schütz, Allan H. Meltzer, Alvin Rabushka, Andrei Illarionov, Anne O. Krueger, Anthony de Jasay, Anthony Downs, Antonio Martino, Antony Fisher, Antony Flew, Armen Alchian, Armin Gutowski, Arnold Harberger, Arthur F. Burns, Arthur Salter, Arthur Seldon, Arthur Shenfield, Artur Woll, Arvid Fredborg, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Barbara Dluhosch, Barbara Kolm, Benjamin Klein, Bernhard Felderer, Bernhard Pfister, Bertrand de Jouvenel, Beryl Wayne Sprinkel, |
| + | Bruno Leoni, Bruno S. Frey, C. Lowell Harriss, Carl-Johan Westholm, Carlo Antoni, Charles B. Blankart, Charles G. Koch, Charles Murray, Charles R. Plott, Chiaki Nishiyama, Christian Watrin, Cicely Veronica Wedgwood, Cicely Wedgwood, Constantin von Dietze, Crawford H. Greenewalt, D. Friedman, Danny Julian Boggs, David D. Friedman, Deepak Lal, Deirdre McCloskey, Detmar Doering, Dick Armey, Donald J. Devine, Eamonn Butler, Edith Eucken-Erdsiek, Edward H. Levi, Edwin Feulner, Edwin Meese, Egon Sohmen, Ekkehard Wenger, Eli Heckscher, Enoch Powell, Enrique Ghersi, Erich Hoppmann, Erich W. Streissler, Erich Weede, Erich Welter, Erik Lundberg, Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, Ernest Mercier, Ernest van den Haag, Ernst Bieri, Ernst Heuss, Ernst-Joachim Mestmäcker, F. A. Harper, Felix Morley, Ferdinand Hermens, Frank Graham, Frank Knight, Franz Böhm, Franz Schellhorn, Friedrich A. Lutz, Friedrich Hayek, Frits Bolkestein, Fritz Machlup, Fritz W. Meyer, Fukuda Takeo, Gary Becker, Gaston Leduc, Geoffrey Howe, George Hilton, George P. Shultz, George Stigler, Gerard Radnitzky, Gerd Habermann, Gerhard Fels, Gerhard Schwarz, Giancarlo Ibarguen, Gordon Tullock, Gottfried Dietze, Gottfried Haberler, Götz Briefs, Greg Lindsay, Günter Schmölders, Hannes Hólmsteinn Gissurarson, Hans Barth, Hans Ilau, Hans Kohn, Hans Otto Lenel, Hans Otto Wesemann, Hans Sennholz, Hans Willgerodt, Hardy Bouillon, Harold Demsetz, Hartmut Kliemt, Heinrich Niehaus, Heinrich Treichl, Helmut Coing, Helmut Schoeck, Henri Lepage, Henry Hazlitt, Henry Maksoud, Henry Manne, Henry Wallich, Herbert Giersch, Herbert Stein, Herbert Tingsten, Hernán Büchi, Hernando de Soto, Hiromitsu Ishi, Holger Schmieding, Isabel Mühlfenzl, Israel Kirzner, Israel M. Kirzner, J. Howard Pew, J. R. Clark, Jacques Rueff, James M. Buchanan, James Shikwati, Jan Schnellenbach, Janet Albrechtsen, Janusz Lewandowski, Jesús Huerta de Soto, Joachim Starbatty, Johan Norberg, Johan Willem Beijen, John A. Baden, John B. Taylor, John Biffen, John Exter, John Howard, John Jewkes, John N. Gray, John O'Sullivan, John Roskam, José Osvaldo de Meira Penna, José Piñera, Josef Molsberger, Julian L. Simon, Karen Horn, Karl Brandt, Karl Brunner, Karl Paul Hensel, Karl Popper, Karl-Heinz Paqué, Keith Joseph, Kenneth Minogue, Kevin M. Murphy, L. Albert Hahn, Lars Feld, Lars Peder Nordbakken, Leland B. Yeager, Leon Louw, Leonard P. Liggio, Leonard Read, Leonhard Miksch, Leszek Balcerowicz, Linda Whetstone, Lionel Robbins, Ljubo Sirc, Loren Miller, Louis Baudin, Louis Marlio, Louis Rougier, Ludwig Erhard, Ludwig Lachmann, Ludwig von Mises, Luigi Einaudi, Madsen Pirie, Mamadou Koulibaly, Manfred Streit, Manuel Ayau, Marcel van Meerhaeghe, Mario Vargas Llosa, Mart Laar, Martin Anderson, Martin S. Feldstein, Mats Johansson, Matsushita Kōnosuke, Maurice Allais, Maurice Newman, Max Eastman, Max Hartwell, Max Silberschmidt, Meinolf Dierkes, Michael Polanyi, Michael Wohlgemuth, Michael Zoeller, Michael Zöller, Milton Friedman, Murray Rothbard, Niall Ferguson, John Marks Templeton, Otto Gandenberger, Otto Veit, Otto Vogel, Otto von Habsburg, Pascal Salin, Paul Craig Roberts, Paul Hatry, Paul McCracken, Paul Rubin, Pedro Schwartz, Peter Bernholz, Peter C. Whybrow, Peter J. Boettke, Peter Jungen, Peter Kurrild-Klitgaard, Peter Thomas Bauer, Philippe Nemo, Pierre Bessard, Ralph Harris, Ramón Díaz, Randolf Rodenstock, Ranil Wickremesinghe, Raymond Aron, Rebecca West, Reinhard Kamitz, Rhodes Boyson, Richard Posner, Richard W. Rahn, Robert Bork, Robert J. Barro, Robert Nef, Roberto Salinas Price, Roger Douglas, Roland Baader, Roland Risse, Roland Tichy, Roland Vaubel, Ronald Coase, Ronald Hamowy, Rose Friedman, Ross Eckert, Salvador de Madariaga, Samuel Peltzman, Sergio de Castro Spikula, Stan Liebowitz, Stefan Kolev, Stefan Thomas Possony, Steve Forbes, Steven F. Hayward, Steven N. S. Cheung, Suri Ratnapala, Swaminathan Aiyar, Thomas Sowell, Thomas Szasz, Tibor R. Machan, Tim Wilson, Tom Gordon Palmer, Trygve J. B. Hoff, Ulrich van Lith, Václav Klaus, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, Vermont C. Royster, Vernon L. Smith, Veselin Vukotic, Victoria Curzon-Price, Viktor Vanberg, Volkmar Muthesius, Walter Eucken, Walter Hamm, Walter Lippmann, Warren Coats, Werner Kägi, Wernhard Möschel, Wilhelm Röpke, Wilhelm Taucher, William A. Niskanen, William E. Simon, William Easterly, William F. Buckley Jr., William H. Peterson, William Henry Chamberlin, William J. Fellner, William L. Breit, William Rappard, William Rees-Mogg, William Warren Bartley, Willy Bretscher, Willy Linder, Wilson Allen Wallis, Wiseman Nkuhlu, Wolfgang Frickhöffer, Wolfgang Stützel, Wolfram Engels, Wolfram Fischer, Yaron Brook, Yōichi Masuzoe | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | The '''Mont Pelerin Society''' (MPS) is an international neoliberal organization composed of economists, philosophers, historians, intellectuals and business leaders | + | The '''Mont Pelerin Society''' (MPS) is an international neoliberal organization composed of economists, philosophers, historians, intellectuals and business leaders. They are the intellectual alibi for the [[neoliberal]] revolution that transferred economic power from governments to big corporations, through [[privatizations]],financial bubbles, manipulation, buying of politicians and [[public-private partnerships]]. |
| + | |||
| + | The Society is closely connected to terms such as 'the Chicago Boys' ([[Milton Friedman]]), who forcibly privatized the Chilean economy after the 1973 coup; Thatcherism (Margaret Thatcher was a protege); Reaganomics and the debt-driven [[neoliberalism]] that have reduced growth in Western countries; bubble economy ([[Alan Greenspan]]), and austerity. | ||
==Name== | ==Name== | ||
| − | The MPS was created on 10 April 1947 at a conference organized by [[Friedrich Hayek]] | + | The MPS was created on 10 April 1947 at a conference organized by [[Friedrich Hayek]], where the decision was made to name it after Mont Pèlerin, the Swiss resort where it convened. |
==History== | ==History== | ||
| − | In 1947, thirty-nine scholars, mostly economists with some historians and philosophers, were invited by [[Friedrich Hayek]] to meet to discuss the state and possible fate of classical liberalism, his goal being an organization which would resist interventionism and promote his conception of classical liberalism. He wanted to discuss how to combat the "state ascendancy and Marxist or Keynesian planning [that was] sweeping the globe".{{cn}} The first meeting took place in the Hotel du Parc in the Swiss village of Mont Pèlerin, near the city of Vevey, Switzerland. Funding for the conference came from various sources including the [[William Volker Fund]] thanks to [[Harold Luhnow]] and the Bank of England owing to the help of [[Alfred Suenson-Taylor]]. [[William Rappard]], a Swiss academic, diplomat and founder of the [[Graduate Institute of International Studies]], addressed the society's inaugural meeting. In his "Opening Address to a Conference at Mont Pelerin", Hayek mentioned "two men with whom I had most fully discussed the plan for this meeting both have not lived to see its realisation", namely [[Henry Simons]] (who trained [[Milton Friedman]], a future president of the MPS, at the [[University of Chicago]]) and [[John Clapham]], a British economic historian. | + | In 1947, thirty-nine scholars, mostly economists with some historians and philosophers, were invited by [[Friedrich Hayek]] to meet to discuss the state and possible fate of classical liberalism, his goal being an organization which would resist interventionism and promote his conception of classical liberalism. He wanted to discuss how to combat the "state ascendancy and Marxist or Keynesian planning [that was] sweeping the globe".{{cn}} The first meeting took place in the Hotel du Parc in the Swiss village of Mont Pèlerin, near the city of Vevey, Switzerland. |
| + | |||
| + | Funding for the conference came from various sources including the [[William Volker Fund]] thanks to [[Harold Luhnow]] and the [[Bank of England]] owing to the help of [[Alfred Suenson-Taylor]]. [[William Rappard]], a Swiss academic, diplomat and founder of the [[Graduate Institute of International Studies]], addressed the society's inaugural meeting. In his "Opening Address to a Conference at Mont Pelerin", Hayek mentioned "two men with whom I had most fully discussed the plan for this meeting both have not lived to see its realisation", namely [[Henry Simons]] (who trained [[Milton Friedman]], a future president of the MPS, at the [[University of Chicago]]) and [[John Clapham]], a British economic historian. | ||
The MPS aimed to "facilitate an exchange of ideas between like-minded scholars in the hope of strengthening the principles and practice of a free society and to study the workings, virtues, and defects of market-oriented economic systems". The MPS has continued to meet regularly, the General Meeting every two years and the regional meetings annually. The current president of the MPS is [[John B. Taylor]]. It has close ties to the network of think tanks sponsored in part by the [[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]] | The MPS aimed to "facilitate an exchange of ideas between like-minded scholars in the hope of strengthening the principles and practice of a free society and to study the workings, virtues, and defects of market-oriented economic systems". The MPS has continued to meet regularly, the General Meeting every two years and the regional meetings annually. The current president of the MPS is [[John B. Taylor]]. It has close ties to the network of think tanks sponsored in part by the [[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]] | ||
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==Influence== | ==Influence== | ||
| − | Hayek stressed that the society was to be a scholarly community arguing against collectivism while not engaging in public relations or propaganda. Even though plenty of members did PR or propaganda, it mostly worked behind the scenes to create politicians in its image, like [[Augusto Pinochet]] or [[Margaret Thatcher]]. The society has become part of an international think tank movement and Hayek used it as a forum to encourage members such as [[Antony Fisher]] to pursue the think tank route. Fisher has established the [[Institute of Economic Affairs]] (IEA) in London during 1955, the [[Manhattan Institute for Policy Research]] in New York City in 1977 and the Atlas Economic Research Foundation in 1981. Now known as the [[Atlas Network]], they support a wide network of think tanks. | + | Hayek stressed that the society was to be a scholarly community arguing against collectivism while not engaging in public relations or [[propaganda]]. Even though plenty of members did PR or propaganda, it mostly worked behind the scenes to create politicians in its image, like [[Augusto Pinochet]] or [[Margaret Thatcher]]. The society has become part of an international think tank movement and Hayek used it as a forum to encourage members such as [[Antony Fisher]] to pursue the think tank route. Fisher has established the [[Institute of Economic Affairs]] (IEA) in London during 1955, the [[Manhattan Institute for Policy Research]] in New York City in 1977 and the Atlas Economic Research Foundation in 1981. Now known as the [[Atlas Network]], they support a wide network of think tanks. |
Prominent MPS members who advanced to policy positions included the late Chancellor [[Ludwig Erhard]] of West Germany, President [[Luigi Einaudi]] of Italy, Chairman [[Arthur F. Burns]] of the Federal Reserve Board and Secretary of State [[George Shultz]]. Among prominent contemporary political figures, former President [[Václav Klaus]] of the Czech Republic and politicians such as Prime Minister [[Ranil Wickremasinghe]] of Sri Lanka, former Foreign Secretary [[Geoffrey Howe]] of the United Kingdom, former Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Defence [[Antonio Martino]], Chilean Finance Minister [[Carlos Cáceres]] and former New Zealand Finance Minister [[Ruth Richardson]], are all MPS members. Of 76 economic advisers on [[Ronald Reagan]]'s 1980 campaign staff, 22 were MPS members. | Prominent MPS members who advanced to policy positions included the late Chancellor [[Ludwig Erhard]] of West Germany, President [[Luigi Einaudi]] of Italy, Chairman [[Arthur F. Burns]] of the Federal Reserve Board and Secretary of State [[George Shultz]]. Among prominent contemporary political figures, former President [[Václav Klaus]] of the Czech Republic and politicians such as Prime Minister [[Ranil Wickremasinghe]] of Sri Lanka, former Foreign Secretary [[Geoffrey Howe]] of the United Kingdom, former Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Defence [[Antonio Martino]], Chilean Finance Minister [[Carlos Cáceres]] and former New Zealand Finance Minister [[Ruth Richardson]], are all MPS members. Of 76 economic advisers on [[Ronald Reagan]]'s 1980 campaign staff, 22 were MPS members. | ||
Latest revision as of 15:25, 15 May 2020
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The Mont Pelerin Society (MPS) is an international neoliberal organization composed of economists, philosophers, historians, intellectuals and business leaders. They are the intellectual alibi for the neoliberal revolution that transferred economic power from governments to big corporations, through privatizations,financial bubbles, manipulation, buying of politicians and public-private partnerships.
The Society is closely connected to terms such as 'the Chicago Boys' (Milton Friedman), who forcibly privatized the Chilean economy after the 1973 coup; Thatcherism (Margaret Thatcher was a protege); Reaganomics and the debt-driven neoliberalism that have reduced growth in Western countries; bubble economy (Alan Greenspan), and austerity.
Name
The MPS was created on 10 April 1947 at a conference organized by Friedrich Hayek, where the decision was made to name it after Mont Pèlerin, the Swiss resort where it convened.
History
In 1947, thirty-nine scholars, mostly economists with some historians and philosophers, were invited by Friedrich Hayek to meet to discuss the state and possible fate of classical liberalism, his goal being an organization which would resist interventionism and promote his conception of classical liberalism. He wanted to discuss how to combat the "state ascendancy and Marxist or Keynesian planning [that was] sweeping the globe".[citation needed] The first meeting took place in the Hotel du Parc in the Swiss village of Mont Pèlerin, near the city of Vevey, Switzerland.
Funding for the conference came from various sources including the William Volker Fund thanks to Harold Luhnow and the Bank of England owing to the help of Alfred Suenson-Taylor. William Rappard, a Swiss academic, diplomat and founder of the Graduate Institute of International Studies, addressed the society's inaugural meeting. In his "Opening Address to a Conference at Mont Pelerin", Hayek mentioned "two men with whom I had most fully discussed the plan for this meeting both have not lived to see its realisation", namely Henry Simons (who trained Milton Friedman, a future president of the MPS, at the University of Chicago) and John Clapham, a British economic historian.
The MPS aimed to "facilitate an exchange of ideas between like-minded scholars in the hope of strengthening the principles and practice of a free society and to study the workings, virtues, and defects of market-oriented economic systems". The MPS has continued to meet regularly, the General Meeting every two years and the regional meetings annually. The current president of the MPS is John B. Taylor. It has close ties to the network of think tanks sponsored in part by the Atlas Economic Research Foundation
Influence
Hayek stressed that the society was to be a scholarly community arguing against collectivism while not engaging in public relations or propaganda. Even though plenty of members did PR or propaganda, it mostly worked behind the scenes to create politicians in its image, like Augusto Pinochet or Margaret Thatcher. The society has become part of an international think tank movement and Hayek used it as a forum to encourage members such as Antony Fisher to pursue the think tank route. Fisher has established the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) in London during 1955, the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research in New York City in 1977 and the Atlas Economic Research Foundation in 1981. Now known as the Atlas Network, they support a wide network of think tanks.
Prominent MPS members who advanced to policy positions included the late Chancellor Ludwig Erhard of West Germany, President Luigi Einaudi of Italy, Chairman Arthur F. Burns of the Federal Reserve Board and Secretary of State George Shultz. Among prominent contemporary political figures, former President Václav Klaus of the Czech Republic and politicians such as Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe of Sri Lanka, former Foreign Secretary Geoffrey Howe of the United Kingdom, former Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Defence Antonio Martino, Chilean Finance Minister Carlos Cáceres and former New Zealand Finance Minister Ruth Richardson, are all MPS members. Of 76 economic advisers on Ronald Reagan's 1980 campaign staff, 22 were MPS members.
Several leading journalists, including Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist Walter Lippmann, former radical Max Eastman (then roving editor at Reader's Digest), John Chamberlain (former editorial writer for Life magazine), Henry Hazlitt (former financial editor of The New York Times and columnist for Newsweek), John Davenport (holder of editorial posts at Fortune and Barron's) and Felix Morley (Pulitzer Prize-winning editor at The Washington Post), have also been members. Members of the MPS have also been well represented on the Committee for the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.
Eight MPS members, Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, George Stigler, Maurice Allais, James M. Buchanan, Ronald Coase, Gary Becker and Vernon Smith have won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. Graeme Maxton and Jørgen Randers note that it is no surprise that so many MPS members have won a Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences because the MPS helped to create that award, specifically to legitimize free-market economic thinking.
Known members
45 of the 316 of the members already have pages here:
| Member | Description |
|---|---|
| Ayaan Hirsi Ali | |
| Raymond Aron | French sociologist who attended 3 Bilderbergs from 1957 to 1966 |
| John Biffen | Minister in Margaret Thatcher's cabinet. Mont Pelerin Society |
| Frits Bolkestein | Quad Bilderberger Dutch Defence minister, mentor of Geert Wilders |
| Robert Bork | Solicitor General under Richard Nixon, Bork was nominated to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1987 by President Ronald Reagan, but failed. |
| Karl Brandt | German/US agricultural economist who attended the 1959 Bilderberg. |
| Willy Bretscher | Influential Swiss editor for many decades |
| Luigi Einaudi | President of Italy for 7 years after WW2 |
| Ludwig Erhard | Single Bilderberg, West German Minister for Economics for 14 years during the German "economic miracle". |
| Martin Feldstein | US economist, Trilateral Commission, heavy Bilderberg habit towards the end of his life. |
| Niall Ferguson | Poly Bilderberger Hoover Institution Fellow historian, WEF YGL 2005, attended the WEF/Annual Meeting/2020 |
| Edwin Feulner | Spooky US academic |
| Antony Fisher | Founded over 150 libertarian think tanks, including Institute of Economic Affairs, Manhattan Institute and Atlas Network. |
| Steve Forbes | Billionaire editor-in-chief of Forbes magazine. |
| Milton Friedman | |
| Herbert Giersch | Neoliberal German economist who attended the 1975 Bilderberg meeting. Mont Pèlerin Society. |
| Alan Greenspan | US DSO who was Chairman of the Federal Reserve 1987-2006 |
| Otto von Habsburg | Austrian deep politician, connected to Le Cercle, Opus Dei, Knights of Malta ... |
| Ralph Harris | |
| John Howard | |
| Geoffrey Howe | |
| Mats Johansson | Swedish editor mentioned as a person of interest by the Integrity Initiative, but died in 2017 |
| Keith Joseph | Eminence grise of Thatcherism. Founded the Centre for Policy Studies |
| Peter Jungen | At least 4 visits to Le Cercle... Personal assistant to Otto Wolff von Amerongen |
| Václav Klaus | The first Prime Minister of the Czech Republic. Cercle repeated visitor |
| Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn | |
| Edward H. Levi | US Attorney General 1975-1977 |
| Willy Linder | Swiss economist journalist and champion of neoliberalism. Attended Bilderberg/1977 where one of the subjects was North American and Western European attitudes towards the future of the mixed economies in the Western democracies. |
| Walter Lippmann | A US journalism who coined the phrase "Cold War". |
| Mario Vargas Llosa | Nobel Prize winner in Literature and neoliberal champion |
| Antonio Martino | |
| Paul McCracken | Canadian economist |
| Charles Murray | "One of the most influential social scientists in America", AEI, Bilderberg |
| Karl Popper | One of the 20th century's most influential philosophers of science. |
| Stefan Possony | |
| William Rees-Mogg | Possible UKDSO who attended the 1972 and 1993 Bilderbergs |
| Paul Craig Roberts | A former US establishment insider who became an independent journalist |
| Murray Rothbard | |
| Jacques Rueff | Mont Pelerin Society, 1958 and 1959 Bilderberg |
| George Shultz | US Cold warrior who attended the 1984 Washington Conference on International Terrorism |
| William Simon | Wrote a working paper on U.S. Economic Performance and Prospects for the 1982 Bilderberg. |
| Herbert Stein | US economist |
| Herbert Tingsten | Swedish publisher who attended 3 of the first 4 Bilderbergs |
| Heinrich Treichl | Austrian banker |
| Tim Wilson |
References
This page imported content from Wikipedia on 13.05.2020.Wikipedia is not affiliated with Wikispooks. Original page source here
