Difference between revisions of "Links Club"

Links Club
(Club)
Links Club ; (Club)
Formation	1917
Headquarters	36 East 62nd Street, Upper East Side, Manhattan, New York City
Membership	• Hulbert S. Aldrich; • Malcolm P. Aldrich; • Winthrop Aldrich; • Archibald S. Alexander; • Henry C. Alexander; • Carl E. Allen; • Hoyt Ammidon; • O. Kelley Anderson; • Robert B. Anderson; • J. Paul Austin; • Francis S. Baer; • Walter C. Baker; • Robert H. B. Baldwin; • Gerald F. Beal; • Stephen D. Bechtel; • Stephen D. Bechtel Jr.; • John R. Beckett; • Eugene N. Beesley; • William S. Beinecke; • George F. Bennett; • Louis A. Benoist; • Benjamin F. Biaginni; • John D. Biggers; • Douglas M. Black; • James B. Black; • Edwin F. Blair; • Roger M. Blough; • Harold Boeschenstein; • Fred J. Borch; • Frederic H. Brandi; • Henry C. Breck; • George R. Brown; • George A. Brownell; • David K. E. Bruce; • James Bruce; • William A. M. Burden; • Theodore S. Burnett; • Hendry S. Burns; • John L. Burns; • Louis W. Cabot; • Paul C. Cabot; • Asa V. Call; • John W. Castles III; • Robert M. Catharine; • Jean Cattier; • Percy Chubb; • Howard L. Clark; • Lucius D. Clay; • Dwight M. Cochran; • J. D. Stetson Coleman; • S. Sloan Colt; • John T. Connor; • Chauncey W. Cook; • Reginald Coombe; • Lammot du Pont Copeland; • Ralph J. Cordiner; • Stewart S. Cort; • Tom B. Coughran; • Gardner Cowles; • James F. Crafts; • John H. Daniels; • Justin Dart; • Donald K. David; • Paul L. Davies; • Arthur H. Dean; • Charles de Bretteville; • William C. Decker; • Frank R. Denton; • Richard R. Deupree; • Thomas E. Dewey; • Charles D. Dickey; • C. Douglas Dillon; • George S. Dillon; • J. Richardson Dilworth; • William H. Doheny; • James C. Donnell II; • Frederic G. Donner; • Oscar J. Dorwin; • Lewis W. Douglas; • Wallis B. Dunckel; • Henry Duque; • Fredrick M. Eaton; • Fred J. Emmerich; • William Ewing Jr.; • Gilbert W. Fitzhugh; • Ralph G. Follis; • Henry Ford II; • Michael V. Forrestal; • William C. Foster; • Henry H. Fowler; • John M. Franklin; • George C. Fraser; • G. Keith Funston; • Thomas S. Gates Jr.; • Carl J. Gilbert; • J. Peter Grace; • Joseph A. Grazier; • Crawford Greenewalt; • John C. Griswold; • Eric H. Hager; • Edward T. Hall; • Charles B. Harding; • John D. Harper; • E. Roland Harriman; • Eugene I. Harrington; • Broderick Haskell; • Gabriel Hauge; • Harold H. Helm; • J. V. Herd; • Robert Hoguet; • John B. Hollister; • Paul E. Hoover; • Amory Houghton; • Amory Houghton Jr.; • John I. Howell; • George M. Humphrey; • Gilbert W. Humphrey; • Robert L. Ireland III; • John N. Irwin II; • Harry A. Jackson; • Frederick R. Kappel; • J. Ward Keener; • John R. Kimberly; • Frank L. King; • Grayson L. Kirk; • Robert H. Knight; • Robert P. Koenig; • Lewis A. Lapham; • Roger D. Lapham Jr.; • Cramer W. LaPierre; • Sigurd S. Larmon; • Roy E. Larsen; • Barry T. Leithead; • John P. Levis; • Roger Lewis; • James A. Linen III; • Augustus C. Long; • Alfred L. Loomis; • George H. Love; • Robert A. Lovett; • E. Herrick Low; • George P. MacNichol Jr.; • John P. Maguire; • Frank L. Mansell; • Ernest S. Marsh; • Joseph A. Martino; • Birny Mason Jr.; • J. W. McAfee; • David H. McAlpin; • Thomas McCance; • John J. McCloy; • Leonard F. Mccollum; • John A. McCone; • Richard C. McCurdy; • Neil H. McElroy; • James H. McGraw Jr.; • Robert M. McKinney; • Norman L. McLaren; • John P. McWilliams; • Schuyler Merritt II; • John M. Meyer Jr.; • Jeremiah Milbank; • J. Irwin Miller; • Otto N. Miller; • Robert W. Miller; • Bradford Mills; • George G. Montgomery; • George S. Moore; • Henry S. Morgan; • Howard J. Morgens; • Charles G. Mortimer; • Malcolm Muir; • Raymon H. Mulford; • Grayson Murphy; • W. J. Murray; • Alexander C. Neave; • Fred M. Nelson; • Thomas S. Nichols; • Paul Nitze; • Richard M. Nixon; • Lauris Norstad; • Nicholas H. Noyes; • James F. Oates Jr.; • David Packard; • Ellmore C. Patterson; • Herbert P. Patterson; • Thomas F. Patton; • Frederick B. Payne; • Charles S. Payson; • Paul G. Pennoyer; • Robert M. Pennoyer; • Rudolph A. Peterson; • Herman Phleger; • Warren L. Pierson; • Gwilym A. Price; • Frank 0. Prior; • Roland L. Redmond; • Philip D. Reed; • William G. Reed; • Stanley R. Resor; • Richard S. Rheem; • Edward V. Rickenbacker; • Torkild Rieber; • David Rockefeller; • Oren Root; • Donald J. Russell; • George Russell; • Stuart T. Saunders; • Adolph W. Schmidt; • Benno C. Schmidt; • Frederick A. 0. Schwarz; • Robert B. Semple; • Ellis D. Slater; • Cyrus R. Smith; • David S. Smith; • Emmett G. Solomon; • Charles H. Sommer Jr.; • Monroe E. Spaght; • Joseph P. Spang Jr.; • Percy C. Spencer; • Charles M. Spofford; • Hans Stauffer; • Edward L. Steiniger; • Qaude O. Stephens; • John P. Stevens Jr.; • Robert T. Stevens; • John R. Stevenson; • Ralph S. Stillman; • William C. Stolk; • Benjamin Strong; • Mark R. Sullivan; • Leif J. Sverdrup; • Jacquelin A. Swords; • Henry Gardiner Symonds; • A. Thomas Taylor; • Waller Taylor II; • Walter N. Thayer; • Charles A. Thomas; • Charles S. Thomas; • Joseph A. Thomas; • John C. Traphagen; • Juan T. Trippe; • H. C. Turner Jr.; • Edward R. Valentine; • Arthur B. Van Buskirk; • Cyrus R. Vance; • Guido F. Verbeck Jr.; • John C. Virden; • Rawleigh Warner Jr.; • John E. Warren; • Lingan A. Warren; • William C. Warren; • Thomas J. Watson Jr.; • Leo D. Welch; • William Whiteford; • Frederick B. Whitman; • John Hay Whitney; • Myron A. Wick Jr.; • Frazar B. Wilde; • Walter W. Wilds; • Charles E. Wilson; • Walter W. Wilson; • Dean Witter Jr.; • William D. Witter; • William M. Witter; • Robert W. Woodruff; • Leslie B. Worthington; • Walter B. Wriston; • Dwight D. Eisenhower; • Winthrop W. Aldrich; • Arthur A. Ballantine; • Prescott S. Bush; • Charles E. Daniel; • Thomas E. Dewey; • C. Douglas Dillon; • Joseph E. Davies; • Thomas S. Gates Jr.; • Walter S. Gifford; • Stanton Griffis; • Amory Houghton; • George M. Humphrey; • Herbert C. Hoover Jr.; • John A. McCone; • Jean Monnet; • Winthrop Rockefeller; • Sir William Wiseman; • Cyrus R. Vance; • John Hay Whitney; • Oscar C. Badger; • Ralph A. Bard; • Dunbar W. Bostwick; • Lucius D. Clay; • Robert A. Lovett; • Paul Nitze; • Elwood R. Quesada; • Stanley R. Resor; • Kenneth Royall; • James Hopkins Smith Jr.; • William Bedell Smith; • Harold E. Talbott; • James H. Doolittle; • Sewell L. Avery; • Stephen D. Bechtel; • Sosthenes Behn; • Roger M. Blough; • Harold Boeschenstein; • Richard L. Bowditch; • H.S.M. Burns; • Louis S. Cates; • Owen R. Cheatham; • Colby M. Chester; • Hugh J. Chisholm; • George H. Coppers; • Cleo F. Craig; • Walter F. Dillingham; • Richard R. Depree; • Benjamin F. Fairless; • Henry Ford II; • J. Peter Grace Jr.; • Augustus C. Long; • Henry R. Luce; • Joseph H. McConnell; • George W. Merck; • Roger Milliken; • Morehead Patterson; • G. Willing Pepper; • Gwilym A. Price; • Edgar Monsanto Queeny; • Donald J. Russell; • Sidney A. Swensrud; • Walter C. Teagle; • Thomas J. Watson Jr.; • Charles E. Wilson; • Norborne Berkeley; • Edward Eagle Brown; • Paul C. Cabot; • Asa V. Call; • Jean Cattier; • George Champion; • J. Luther Cleveland; • S. Sloan Colt; • Isaac B. Grainger; • Benjamin H. Griswold III; • E. Roland Harriman; • Devereux C. Josephs; • John J. McCloy; • Henry S. Morgan; • Ralph Owen; • Elmore C. Patterson; • Ralph T. Reed; • David Rockefeller; • J. Stillman Rockefeller; • Howard C. Sheperd; • Harold Stanley; • Dean Witter; • William E. Boeing; • F. Trubee Davison; • Robert E. Gross; • Frederick B. Rentschler; • Edward V. Rickenbacker; • Leon A. Swirbul; • Marshall Field; • James H. McGraw Jr.; • Paul Mellon; • Howard Phipps; • Joseph N. Pew; • J. Watson Webb; • Morton G. Bogue; • C. Suydam Cutting; • Donald K. David; • Arthur H. Dean; • Childs Frick; • Totton P. Heffelfinger; • Eugene V. Homans; • Roger D. Lapham; • Robert Montgomery; • Alfred Easton Poor; • Roland L. Redmond; • Archie M. Reid; • Clifford Roberts; • Jack C. Massey
	Private New York club. In the 1960s, it was "a preferred social gathering spot for America's most powerful chief executives."

Latest revision as of 06:26, 1 October 2024

The Links is a private club in New York City. It is located at 36 East 62nd Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City.^[1]

History

Charles B. Macdonald, a golf champion and founder of the United States Golf Association, started the Links in 1917.

In the 1960s, it was "a preferred social gathering spot for America's most powerful chief executives."^[2] By 2010, it was still a "preserve of the old banking elite", but not all members were WASPs.^[3]

In 2010, the Wall Street Journal described how

On a recent morning at the Links Club, New York's wood-paneled preserve of the old banking elite, a small crowd of white-haired members gathered for breakfast. The talk around the tables, over poached eggs and toast, was of Europe and sovereign-debt markets. Some were quietly negotiating deals. The crowd was mostly older, though it included a smattering of 40-something and 50-something members. While undeniably upper-crust, the scene, which included a Latin American and an Asian, was a far cry from the Links Club of 20 years ago, when doing business was forbidden and the strictly homogenous crowd of Protestant blue-bloods spent their mornings comparing golf scores and vacation homes.^[4]

Members

Members 1955^[5] and 1965-1970.^[6]

Known members

52 of the 347 of the members already have pages here:

Member	Description
Robert Anderson	Le Cercle, Bilderberg,
George Rufus Brown
David Bruce	spooky US diplomat
Louis Cabot	Quad Bilderberger Chairman of Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
Lucius Clay
Lammot du Pont Copeland	Part of the influential DuPont chemical family, activist for population control
Gardner Cowles	US media mogul involved with a number of CIA-front organizations. Attended the 1954 Bilderberg Conference.
F. Trubee Davison	Son of influential banker Henry Davison. Worked with deep state operatives Judge Gary and Bill Donovan. After WW2 Director of Personnel for the CIA.
Arthur Dean	Chairman and senior partner of Sullivan & Cromwell, where he worked closely with John Foster Dulles
Thomas Dewey	Governor of New York, US lawyer, attended the 1957 February Bilderberg
Douglas Dillon	Bilderberg, Brookings, Committee on the Present Danger, CFR, US/Secretary of the Treasury...
Lewis Douglas	US diplomat
Dwight Eisenhower	Former five-star general, supreme commander of NATO, Eisenhower was the US President who notably warned that "we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence... by the military–industrial complex."
William Foster	Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency in the 1960s
Thomas Gates	Investment Banker, US secretary of defense for slightly over 1 year, attended the 1968 Bilderberg
E. Roland Harriman	well connected Bonesman banker
Gabriel Hauge	Early member of the Bilderberg Steering committee, CFR. "The expert who tells [President Eisenhower] what to think"
Henry Ford II	Grandson of Henry Ford. Ford CEO after WW2. Hotchkiss School, Yale University, Book And Snake.
J. Ward Keener	US multinational business executive who went to the 1968 Bilderberg
Robert H. Knight	Chair of the New York Fed, Le Cercle.
Robert A. Lovett
Henry Luce
John J. McCloy	US deep politician, Warren Commission, CFR Chair for 17 years, President of the World Bank ...
John McCone
Neil H. McElroy
Robert McKinney	Indiana Businessman who attended Le Cercle in 1983, 1984 and 1985
Paul Mellon	US lawyer who flew on Epstein's plane
George Merck	The president of Merck & Co. from 1925 to 1950. During World War II, he led the War Research Service, which initiated the U.S. biological weapons program with Frank Olson.
Joseph Irwin Miller	US industrialist and architecture patron.
Jean Monnet	French deep state operative, Le Cercle, the most powerful man in France without a ministerial office.
George S. Moore	Led an early effort by multinational corporations to open Latin America to them.
Henry Morgan	Spooky Morgan Stanley banker
Grayson Murphy	US deep state operative who was implicated in the Business Plot and died in 1937
Paul Nitze	US deep politician, hawkish United States Deputy Secretary of Defense.
Richard Nixon	A relatively independent US president who may have been removed from power because he was planning to expose the conspiracy to assassinate JFK.
Lauris Norstad	In 1945, drew up plans to launch a nuclear attack on the USSR. Made SACEUR for over 6 years in the 1950s.
Morehead Patterson	CEO of American Machine and Foundry, which he made one of the pillars of the US military-industrial complex, hiring former CIA director Walter Bedell Smith as vice-chairman. Attended the February 1957 Bilderberg
Frederick Payne	US former Senator
Rudolph Peterson	US banker who attended Bilderberg/1966 as CEO of Bank of America. Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme in the 1970s
David Rockefeller	US deep politician. CFR founder. Only person to attend over 50 Bilderberg meetings.
Winthrop Rockefeller	Billionaire Rockefeller family who for some reason or other bought the position of Governor of Arkansas.
George Russell	US financier who pioneered the business of pension fund consulting
Adolf W. Schmidt	Spooky diplomat, Le Cercle, 1965 Bilderberg
Joseph Spang	US businessman who ran Gillette. Active in evaluating the aid program for military buildup of Europe, he attended the 1st and 4th Bilderbergs.
Charles Spofford	Penta Bilderberger lawyer and suspected US deep state operative
Harold Stanley	One of the founders of Morgan Stanley
Benjamin Strong	Member of The Money Trust, Governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for the first 14 years of the Fed's existence
Cyrus Vance	Bilderberg 1970, CFR, TLC, various political postings...
John Hay Whitney	Billionaire active investor, U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom 1957-61
Frazar Wilde	A consultant to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Board. Attended the 1957 February Bilderberg.
... further results

Many thanks to our Patrons who cover ~2/3 of our hosting bill. Please join them if you can.

References

↑ https://valuablebook.wordpress.com/2012/10/01/the-most-powerful-club-in-the-world-the-links/
↑ Waterhouse, Benjamin C. (2013). Lobbying America: The Politics of Business from Nixon to NAFTA. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 76–77. ISBN 9780691149165. OCLC 867926037. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
↑ https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704414504575244622954114574
↑ https://virtueonline.org/bright-dying-star-american-wasp
↑ https://valuablebook.wordpress.com/2012/10/01/the-most-powerful-club-in-the-world-the-links/
↑ https://whorulesamerica.ucsc.edu/power/bohemian_grove_appendix.html?sort=LI

This is a page stub. Please add to it.

[1] ttps://valuablebook.wordpress.com/2012/10/01/the-most-powerful-club-in-the-world-the-links/

[waterhouse-2] Waterhouse, Benjamin C. (2013). Lobbying America: The Politics of Business from Nixon to NAFTA. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 76–77. ISBN 9780691149165. OCLC 867926037. Retrieved January 21, 2016.

[3] ttps://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704414504575244622954114574

[4] ttps://virtueonline.org/bright-dying-star-american-wasp

[5] ttps://valuablebook.wordpress.com/2012/10/01/the-most-powerful-club-in-the-world-the-links/

[6] ttps://whorulesamerica.ucsc.edu/power/bohemian_grove_appendix.html?sort=LI

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 |constitutes=club
 |logo=
-|start=1916
+|image=Links Club.png
+|start=1917
 |description=Private [[New York]] club. In the 1960s, it was "a preferred social gathering spot for America's most powerful chief executives."
 |headquarters=36 East 62nd Street,Upper East Side,Manhattan,New York City
-|website=
+|website=https://www.thelinksclub.org/guests
 |founders=
 |num_staff=
 |members=Hulbert S. Aldrich, Malcolm P. Aldrich, Winthrop Aldrich, Archibald S. Alexander, Henry C. Alexander, Carl E. Allen, Hoyt Ammidon, O. Kelley Anderson, Robert B. Anderson, J. Paul Austin, Francis S. Baer, Walter C. Baker, Robert H. B. Baldwin, Gerald F. Beal, Stephen D. Bechtel, Stephen D. Bechtel Jr., John R. Beckett, Eugene N. Beesley, William S. Beinecke, George F. Bennett, Louis A. Benoist, Benjamin F. Biaginni, John D. Biggers, Douglas M. Black, James B. Black, Edwin F. Blair, Roger M. Blough, Harold Boeschenstein, Fred J. Borch, Frederic H. Brandi, Henry C. Breck, George R. Brown, George A. Brownell, David K. E. Bruce, James Bruce, William A. M. Burden, Theodore S. Burnett, Hendry S. Burns, John L. Burns, Louis W. Cabot, Paul C. Cabot, Asa V. Call, John W. Castles III, Robert M. Catharine, Jean Cattier, Percy Chubb, Howard L. Clark, Lucius D. Clay, Dwight M. Cochran, J. D. Stetson Coleman, S. Sloan Colt, John T. Connor, Chauncey W. Cook, Reginald Coombe, Lammot du Pont Copeland, Ralph J. Cordiner, Stewart S. Cort, Tom B. Coughran, Gardner Cowles, James F. Crafts, John H. Daniels, Justin Dart, Donald K. David, Paul L. Davies, Arthur H. Dean, Charles de Bretteville, William C. Decker, Frank R. Denton, Richard R. Deupree, Thomas E. Dewey, Charles D. Dickey, C. Douglas Dillon, George S. Dillon, J. Richardson Dilworth, William H. Doheny, James C. Donnell II, Frederic G. Donner, Oscar J. Dorwin, Lewis W. Douglas, Wallis B. Dunckel, Henry Duque, Fredrick M. Eaton, Fred J. Emmerich, William Ewing Jr., Gilbert W. Fitzhugh, Ralph G. Follis, Henry Ford II, Michael V. Forrestal, William C. Foster, Henry H. Fowler, John M. Franklin, George C. Fraser, G. Keith Funston, Thomas S. Gates Jr., Carl J. Gilbert, J. Peter Grace, Joseph A. Grazier, Crawford Greenewalt, John C. Griswold, Eric H. Hager, Edward T. Hall, Charles B. Harding, John D. Harper, E. Roland Harriman, Eugene I. Harrington, Broderick Haskell, Gabriel Hauge, Harold H. Helm, J. V. Herd, Robert Hoguet, John B. Hollister, Paul E. Hoover, Amory Houghton, Amory Houghton Jr., John I. Howell, George M. Humphrey, Gilbert W. Humphrey, Robert L. Ireland III, John N. Irwin II, Harry A. Jackson, Frederick R. Kappel, J. Ward Keener, John R. Kimberly, Frank L. King, Grayson L. Kirk, Robert H. Knight, Robert P. Koenig, Lewis A. Lapham, Roger D. Lapham Jr., Cramer W. LaPierre, Sigurd S. Larmon, Roy E. Larsen, Barry T. Leithead, John P. Levis, Roger Lewis, James A. Linen III, Augustus C. Long, Alfred L. Loomis, George H. Love, Robert A. Lovett, E. Herrick Low, George P. MacNichol Jr., John P. Maguire, Frank L. Mansell, Ernest S. Marsh, Joseph A. Martino, Birny Mason Jr., J. W. McAfee, David H. McAlpin, Thomas McCance, John J. McCloy, Leonard F. Mccollum, John A. McCone, Richard C. McCurdy, Neil H. McElroy, James H. McGraw Jr., Robert M. McKinney, Norman L. McLaren, John P. McWilliams, Schuyler Merritt II, John M. Meyer Jr., Jeremiah Milbank, J. Irwin Miller, Otto N. Miller, Robert W. Miller, Bradford Mills, George G. Montgomery, George S. Moore, Henry S. Morgan, Howard J. Morgens, Charles G. Mortimer, Malcolm Muir, Raymon H. Mulford, Grayson Murphy, W. J. Murray, Alexander C. Neave, Fred M. Nelson, Thomas S. Nichols, Paul Nitze, Richard M. Nixon, Lauris Norstad, Nicholas H. Noyes, James F. Oates Jr., David Packard, Ellmore C. Patterson, Herbert P. Patterson, Thomas F. Patton, Frederick B. Payne, Charles S. Payson, Paul G. Pennoyer, Robert M. Pennoyer, Rudolph A. Peterson, Herman Phleger, Warren L. Pierson, Gwilym A. Price, Frank 0. Prior, Roland L. Redmond, Philip D. Reed, William G. Reed, Stanley R. Resor, Richard S. Rheem, Edward V. Rickenbacker, Torkild Rieber, David Rockefeller, Oren Root, Donald J. Russell, George Russell, Stuart T. Saunders, Adolph W. Schmidt, Benno C. Schmidt, Frederick A. 0. Schwarz, Robert B. Semple, Ellis D. Slater, Cyrus R. Smith, David S. Smith, Emmett G. Solomon, Charles H. Sommer Jr., Monroe E. Spaght, Joseph P. Spang Jr., Percy C. Spencer, Charles M. Spofford, Hans Stauffer, Edward L. Steiniger, Qaude O. Stephens, John P. Stevens Jr., Robert T. Stevens, John R. Stevenson, Ralph S. Stillman, William C. Stolk, Benjamin Strong, Mark R. Sullivan, Leif J. Sverdrup, Jacquelin A. Swords, Henry Gardiner Symonds, A. Thomas Taylor, Waller Taylor II, Walter N. Thayer, Charles A. Thomas, Charles S. Thomas, Joseph A. Thomas, John C. Traphagen, Juan T. Trippe, H. C. Turner Jr., Edward R. Valentine, Arthur B. Van Buskirk, Cyrus R. Vance, Guido F. Verbeck Jr., John C. Virden, Rawleigh Warner Jr., John E. Warren, Lingan A. Warren, William C. Warren, Thomas J. Watson Jr., Leo D. Welch, William Whiteford, Frederick B. Whitman, John Hay Whitney, Myron A. Wick Jr., Frazar B. Wilde, Walter W. Wilds, Charles E. Wilson, Walter W. Wilson, Dean Witter Jr., William D. Witter, William M. Witter, Robert W. Woodruff, Leslie B. Worthington, Walter B. Wriston,Dwight D. Eisenhower,Winthrop W. Aldrich,Arthur A. Ballantine,Prescott S. Bush,Charles E. Daniel,Thomas E. Dewey,C. Douglas Dillon,Joseph E. Davies,Thomas S. Gates Jr.,Walter S. Gifford,Stanton Griffis,Amory Houghton,George M. Humphrey,Herbert C. Hoover Jr.,John A. McCone,Jean Monnet,Winthrop Rockefeller,Sir William Wiseman,Cyrus R. Vance,John Hay Whitney,Oscar C. Badger,Ralph A. Bard,Dunbar W. Bostwick,Lucius D. Clay,Robert A. Lovett,Paul Nitze,Elwood R. Quesada,Stanley R. Resor,Kenneth Royall,James Hopkins Smith Jr.,William Bedell Smith,Harold E. Talbott,James H. Doolittle,Sewell L. Avery,Stephen D. Bechtel,Sosthenes Behn,Roger M. Blough,Harold Boeschenstein,Richard L. Bowditch,H.S.M. Burns,Louis S. Cates,Owen R. Cheatham,Colby M. Chester,Hugh J. Chisholm,George H. Coppers,Cleo F. Craig,Walter F. Dillingham,Richard R. Depree,Benjamin F. Fairless,Henry Ford II,J. Peter Grace Jr.,Augustus C. Long,Henry R. Luce,Joseph H. McConnell,George W. Merck,Roger Milliken,Morehead Patterson,G. Willing Pepper,Gwilym A. Price,Edgar Monsanto Queeny,Donald J. Russell,Sidney A. Swensrud,Walter C. Teagle,Thomas J. Watson Jr.,Charles E. Wilson,Norborne Berkeley,Edward Eagle Brown,Paul C. Cabot,Asa V. Call,Jean Cattier,George Champion,J. Luther Cleveland,S. Sloan Colt,Isaac B. Grainger,Benjamin H. Griswold III,E. Roland Harriman,Devereux C. Josephs,John J. McCloy,Henry S. Morgan,Ralph Owen,Elmore C. Patterson,Ralph T. Reed,David Rockefeller,J. Stillman Rockefeller,Howard C. Sheperd,Harold Stanley,Dean Witter,William E. Boeing,F. Trubee Davison,Robert E. Gross,Frederick B. Rentschler,Edward V. Rickenbacker,Leon A. Swirbul,Marshall Field,James H. McGraw Jr.,Paul Mellon,Howard Phipps,Joseph N. Pew,J. Watson Webb,Morton G. Bogue,C. Suydam Cutting,Donald K. David,Arthur H. Dean,Childs Frick,Totton P. Heffelfinger,Eugene V. Homans,Roger D. Lapham,Robert Montgomery,Alfred Easton Poor,Roland L. Redmond,Archie M. Reid,Clifford Roberts,Jack C. Massey
 }}
-'''The Links''' is a private club in [[New York City]]. It is located at 36 East 62nd Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City.
+'''The Links''' is a private club in [[New York City]]. It is located at 36 East 62nd Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City.<ref>https://valuablebook.wordpress.com/2012/10/01/the-most-powerful-club-in-the-world-the-links/</ref>
+==History==
+[[Charles B. Macdonald]], a golf champion and founder of the United States Golf Association, started the Links in [[1917]].
 In the 1960s, it was "a preferred social gathering spot for America's most powerful chief executives."<ref name=waterhouse>Waterhouse, Benjamin C. (2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=wYuGAAAAQBAJ&dq=%22links+club%22+new+york&pg=PA76 Lobbying America: The Politics of Business from Nixon to NAFTA.] Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 76–77. ISBN 9780691149165. OCLC 867926037. Retrieved January 21, 2016.</ref> By 2010, it was still a "preserve of the old banking [[elite]]", but not all members were [[White Anglo-Saxon Protestant|WASPs]].<ref>https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704414504575244622954114574</ref>
+In 2010, the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' described how {{QB|On a recent morning at the Links Club, New York's wood-paneled preserve of the old banking elite, a small crowd of white-haired members gathered for breakfast. The talk around the tables, over poached eggs and toast, was of Europe and sovereign-debt markets. Some were quietly negotiating deals. The crowd was mostly older, though it included a smattering of 40-something and 50-something members. While undeniably upper-crust, the scene, which included a Latin American and an Asian, was a far cry from the Links Club of 20 years ago, when doing business was forbidden and the strictly homogenous crowd of Protestant blue-bloods spent their mornings comparing golf scores and vacation homes.<ref>https://virtueonline.org/bright-dying-star-american-wasp</ref>}}
+==Members==
-==Members=
 Members 1955<ref>https://valuablebook.wordpress.com/2012/10/01/the-most-powerful-club-in-the-world-the-links/</ref> and 1965-1970.<ref>https://whorulesamerica.ucsc.edu/power/bohemian_grove_appendix.html?sort=LI</ref>
 {{SMWDocs}}

Difference between revisions of "Links Club"

Latest revision as of 06:26, 1 October 2024

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