Difference between revisions of "Frank Church"

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{{person
 
{{person
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Church
 
|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Church
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|spartacus=http://spartacus-educational.com/USAchurchF.htm
 
|birth_date=July 25, 1924
 
|birth_date=July 25, 1924
 
|death_date=April 7, 1984
 
|death_date=April 7, 1984
 
|image=Frank Church.jpg
 
|image=Frank Church.jpg
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|victim_of=premature death
 
|description=Leader of the Church Committee, which probably did more than any other organisation to expose the activities of the US intelligence agencies.
 
|description=Leader of the Church Committee, which probably did more than any other organisation to expose the activities of the US intelligence agencies.
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|spouses=Bethine Clark Church
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|alma_mater=Stanford University
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|constitutes=Lawyer
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|birth_name=Frank Forrester Church III
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|birth_place=Boise, Idaho
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|death_place=Bethesda, Maryland
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|nationality=United States
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|religion=Presbyterian
 +
|political_parties=Democratic
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|children=Frank Forrester Church IV, Chase Clark Church
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|parents=Frank Forrester Church II (1889–1950), Laura Bilderback Church (1892–1983)
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|employment={{job
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|title=United States Senator from Idaho
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|start=January 3, 1957
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|end=January 3, 1981
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}}{{job
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|title=Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
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|start=January 3, 1979
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|end=January 3, 1981
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}}{{job
 +
|title=Chairman of the Senate Special Committee on Aging
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|start=January 3, 1971
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|end=January 3, 1979
 
}}
 
}}
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}}
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Senator '''Frank Church''' was a key figure in American foreign policy during the 1970s, when the [[Church Committee]] was one of the few official windows into U.S. intelligence activities ever.
  
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Church was a key figure in American foreign policy during the 1970s, and served as chairman of the [[Senate Committee on Foreign Relations]] from 1979 to 1981. Church was one of the first senators to publicly oppose the [[Vietnam War]] in the 1960s, although he had initially supported the conflict{{cn}}. He argued that the opponents of the Vietnam War needed to prevent the corruption of the nation and its institutions.  
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He was chairman of the [[Senate Committee on Foreign Relations]] from 1979 to 1981. Church was one of the first senators to publicly oppose the [[Vietnam War]] in the 1960s. He argued that the opponents of the Vietnam War needed to prevent the [[corruption]] of the nation and its institutions.  
  
 
==Church Committee==
 
==Church Committee==
 
{{FA|Church Committee}}
 
{{FA|Church Committee}}
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Church gained national prominence during his service in the Senate through his chairmanship of the U.S. Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities from 1975 through 1976, more commonly known as the [[Church Committee]], which conducted extensive hearings investigating extra-legal [[FBI]] and [[CIA]] intelligence-gathering and covert operations. The committee investigated CIA drug smuggling activities in the [[Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia)|Golden Triangle]] and secret U.S.-backed wars in [[Third World]] countries.<ref name="knott">{{Cite journal
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Church gained national prominence during his service in the Senate through his chairmanship of the U.S. Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities from 1975 through 1976, more commonly known as the [[Church Committee]], which conducted extensive hearings investigating extra-legal [[FBI]] and [[CIA]] intelligence-gathering and covert operations. The committee investigated CIA drug smuggling activities in the [[Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia)|Golden Triangle]] and secret U.S.-backed wars in [[Third World]] countries.<ref name="knot>http://hnn.us/articles/380.html</ref><ref name="mooney">https://web.archive.org/web/20061205025524/http://prospect.org/print/V12/19/mooney-c.html</ref><ref name="burbach">http://zmagsite.zmag.org/Oct2003/burbach1003.html</ref><ref name="blitzer_debate">http://archives.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/05/19/bush.decision.911.cnna/</ref>
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|first =Stephen F
 
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|date =November 4, 2001
 
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|title =Congressional Oversight and the Crippling of the CIA
 
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|journal =[[History News Network]]
 
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|date =November 5, 2001
 
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|title =Back to Church
 
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|journal =[[The American Prospect]]
 
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|url =http://prospect.org/print/V12/19/mooney-c.html
 
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|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061205025524/http://prospect.org/print/V12/19/mooney-c.html |archivedate = 2006-12-05}}</ref><ref name="burbach">{{Cite journal
 
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|first =Roger
 
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|date=October 2003
 
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|title =State Terrorism and September 11, 1973 & 2001
 
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|volume =16
 
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|url =http://zmagsite.zmag.org/Oct2003/burbach1003.html
 
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|format =—<sup>[http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=author%3ABurbach+intitle%3AState+Terrorism+and+September+11%2C+1973+%26+2001&as_publication=ZMag&as_ylo=2003&as_yhi=2003&btnG=Search Scholar search]</sup>
 
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}} {{Dead link|date=June 2008}}</ref><ref name="blitzer_debate">{{Cite journal
 
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|date =May 19, 2002
 
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|title =Debate: Bush's handling of terror clues
 
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|url =http://archives.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/05/19/bush.decision.911.cnna/
 
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| work=[[CNN]]
 
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| accessdate=May 2, 2010
 
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}}</ref>
 
  
 
=== Warning about the NSA ===
 
=== Warning about the NSA ===
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Church was stunned by what the committee learned about the [[mass surveillance]] capabilities of the [[National Security Agency]] (NSA), an agency whose existence was unknown to most Americans at the time. Church stated in 1975: "That capability at any time could be turned around on the American people, and no American would have any privacy left, such is the capability to monitor everything: telephone conversations, telegrams, it doesn't matter. There would be no place to hide."<ref name="Bamford">{{cite news|first=James|last=Bamford|work=The New York Times|date=December 25, 2005 |title=The Agency That Could Be Big Brother|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/25/weekinreview/25bamford.html?pagewanted=all}}</ref> He is widely quoted as also stating regarding the NSA: "I don't want to see this country ever go across the bridge...  I know the capacity that is there to make tyranny total in America, and we must see to it that this agency and all agencies that possess this technology operate within the law and under proper supervision, so that we never cross over that abyss. That is the abyss from which there is no return."<ref name="Bamford"/>
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Church was stunned by what the committee learned about the [[mass surveillance]] capabilities of the [[National Security Agency]] (NSA), an agency whose existence was unknown to most Americans at the time. Church stated in 1975: "That capability at any time could be turned around on the American people, and no American would have any privacy left, such is the capability to monitor everything: telephone conversations, telegrams, it doesn't matter. There would be no place to hide."<ref name="Bamford">http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/25/weekinreview/25bamford.html?pagewanted=all</ref> He is widely quoted as also stating regarding the NSA: "I don't want to see this country ever go across the bridge...  I know the capacity that is there to make tyranny total in America, and we must see to it that this agency and all agencies that possess this technology operate within the law and under proper supervision, so that we never cross over that abyss. That is the abyss from which there is no return."<ref name="Bamford"/>
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[[Glenn Greenwald]] praised Church for his prescient warning regarding this turning around by the [[NSA]] to monitor the American people, arguing that the NSA undertook such a turning in the years after the [[September 11 Attacks]].<ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/jun/25/frank-church-liberal-icon</ref>
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== Blackmail claim==
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[[Claudia Mullen]] has stated that Frank Church was filmed "Was filmed doing something incriminating" and that this was used to [[blackmail]] him.<ref>[[Document:Beyond Dutroux ties to 1950s-era CIA covert operations]]</ref>
 +
 
 +
==Later career==
 +
Church's outspoken views made him a lot of enemies. In 1967 the [[Victory in Vietnam Committee]] was formed for the purpose of recalling Church. The recall campaign backfired, and bolstered support for Church and negatively exposed a faction of Idaho's radical right.<ref> Cheri L. Andrews ''[https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/downloads/bv73c4458?locale=en The Victory in Vietnam Committee's Manichean
 +
Rhetoric]''</ref>
  
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Commentators such as U.S. constitutional lawyer and columnist [[Glenn Greenwald]] have praised Church for his prescient warning regarding this turning around by the NSA to monitor the American people, arguing that the NSA undertook such a turning in the years after the [[September 11 Attacks]].<ref>{{cite news|work=The Guardian|date=June 25, 2013|first=Glenn|last=Greenwald|title=Liberal Icon Frank Church on the NSA - Almost 40 Years Ago, the Idaho Senator Warned of the Dangers of Allowing the NSA to Turn Inward|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/jun/25/frank-church-liberal-icon}}</ref>
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In [[1980]] he was defeated in his attempt to be elected to the Senate for a fifth term. The work to defeat Church was the result of a long-planned effort by new coalitions on America's political right, including the [[John Birch Society]], and their "Anyone but Church" committee that organized [[Republican]] voters in Idaho to oust him<ref>https://twitter.com/Boisestate_FCI/status/1362500043605901312</ref>
  
 
==Death==
 
==Death==

Latest revision as of 15:00, 1 July 2023

Person.png Frank Church   SpartacusRdf-entity.pngRdf-icon.png
(Lawyer)
Frank Church.jpg
BornFrank Forrester Church III
July 25, 1924
Boise, Idaho
DiedApril 7, 1984 (Age 59)
Bethesda, Maryland
NationalityUnited States
Alma materStanford University
ReligionPresbyterian
Parents • Frank Forrester Church II (1889–1950)
• Laura Bilderback Church (1892–1983)
Children • Frank Forrester Church IV
• Chase Clark Church
SpouseBethine Clark Church
Member ofChurch Committee, Phi Beta Kappa, Senate Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations
Victim ofpremature death
PartyDemocratic
Leader of the Church Committee, which probably did more than any other organisation to expose the activities of the US intelligence agencies.

Employment.png United States Senator from Idaho

In office
January 3, 1957 - January 3, 1981
Succeeded bySteven Symms

Employment.png Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

In office
January 3, 1979 - January 3, 1981
Preceded byJohn Sparkman

Employment.png Chairman of the Senate Special Committee on Aging

In office
January 3, 1971 - January 3, 1979

Senator Frank Church was a key figure in American foreign policy during the 1970s, when the Church Committee was one of the few official windows into U.S. intelligence activities ever.

He was chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations from 1979 to 1981. Church was one of the first senators to publicly oppose the Vietnam War in the 1960s. He argued that the opponents of the Vietnam War needed to prevent the corruption of the nation and its institutions.

Church Committee

Full article: Church Committee

Church gained national prominence during his service in the Senate through his chairmanship of the U.S. Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities from 1975 through 1976, more commonly known as the Church Committee, which conducted extensive hearings investigating extra-legal FBI and CIA intelligence-gathering and covert operations. The committee investigated CIA drug smuggling activities in the Golden Triangle and secret U.S.-backed wars in Third World countries.[1][2][3][4]

Warning about the NSA

Church was stunned by what the committee learned about the mass surveillance capabilities of the National Security Agency (NSA), an agency whose existence was unknown to most Americans at the time. Church stated in 1975: "That capability at any time could be turned around on the American people, and no American would have any privacy left, such is the capability to monitor everything: telephone conversations, telegrams, it doesn't matter. There would be no place to hide."[5] He is widely quoted as also stating regarding the NSA: "I don't want to see this country ever go across the bridge... I know the capacity that is there to make tyranny total in America, and we must see to it that this agency and all agencies that possess this technology operate within the law and under proper supervision, so that we never cross over that abyss. That is the abyss from which there is no return."[5]

Glenn Greenwald praised Church for his prescient warning regarding this turning around by the NSA to monitor the American people, arguing that the NSA undertook such a turning in the years after the September 11 Attacks.[6]

Blackmail claim

Claudia Mullen has stated that Frank Church was filmed "Was filmed doing something incriminating" and that this was used to blackmail him.[7]

Later career

Church's outspoken views made him a lot of enemies. In 1967 the Victory in Vietnam Committee was formed for the purpose of recalling Church. The recall campaign backfired, and bolstered support for Church and negatively exposed a faction of Idaho's radical right.[8]

In 1980 he was defeated in his attempt to be elected to the Senate for a fifth term. The work to defeat Church was the result of a long-planned effort by new coalitions on America's political right, including the John Birch Society, and their "Anyone but Church" committee that organized Republican voters in Idaho to oust him[9]

Death

Three years after leaving the Senate, Church was hospitalized for a pancreatic tumor on January 12, 1984. Less than three months later, he died at his home in Bethesda, Maryland, aged 59.


 

A Quote by Frank Church

PageQuoteDateSource
The American Deep State“I know the capacity that is there to make tyranny total in America, and we must see to it that this agency [the National Security Agency] and all agencies that possess this technology operate within the law and under proper supervision, so that we never cross over that abyss. That is the abyss from which there is no return.”1975The American Deep State

 

Related Document

TitleTypePublication dateAuthor(s)Description
Document:The Hammarskjöld Commission – Witness Statement of Lisa PeaseStatement9 December 2012Lisa PeaseBud Culligan claims that he intercepted and shot down Hammarskjöld’s plane on orders from his CIA case officer. From my own study of the Hammarskjöld case, I believed then and continue to believe, especially in the light of the new evidence reported by Susan Williams in her excellent volume "Who Killed Hammarskjöld?", that the best evidence indicates Hammarskjöld’s plane was indeed shot out of the sky.
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References

  1. ↑ http://hnn.us/articles/380.html
  2. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20061205025524/http://prospect.org/print/V12/19/mooney-c.html
  3. ↑ http://zmagsite.zmag.org/Oct2003/burbach1003.html
  4. ↑ http://archives.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/05/19/bush.decision.911.cnna/
  5. ↑ a b http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/25/weekinreview/25bamford.html?pagewanted=all
  6. ↑ http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/jun/25/frank-church-liberal-icon
  7. ↑ Document:Beyond Dutroux ties to 1950s-era CIA covert operations
  8. ↑ Cheri L. Andrews [https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/downloads/bv73c4458?locale=en The Victory in Vietnam Committee's Manichean Rhetoric]
  9. ↑ https://twitter.com/Boisestate_FCI/status/1362500043605901312
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