Difference between revisions of "Jose Socrates"
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|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S%C3%B3crates | |wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S%C3%B3crates | ||
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| − | + | |image=José Socrates cropped from Dmitry Medvedev in Portugal 20 November 2010-2.png | |
| − | |image= | ||
|nationality=Portuguese | |nationality=Portuguese | ||
| − | |birth_date= | + | |birth_date=6 September 1957 |
| − | |birth_place= | + | |birth_place=Alijó, Portugal |
|death_date= | |death_date= | ||
|death_place= | |death_place= | ||
| + | |description=Portuguese PM responsible for austerity program after 2008 | ||
|constitutes=politician | |constitutes=politician | ||
| + | |spouses=Sofia Costa Pinto Fava | ||
| + | |alma_mater=Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Lusíada University, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Independente University, University Institute of Lisbon | ||
| + | |birth_name=José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa | ||
| + | |political_parties=Social Democratic Party (Portugal), Socialist Party | ||
| + | |children=José Miguel Eduardo | ||
| + | |employment={{job | ||
| + | |title=Prime Minister of Portugal | ||
| + | |start=12 March 2005 | ||
| + | |end=21 June 2011 | ||
| + | }}{{job | ||
| + | |title=Portugal/Secretary-General of the Socialist Party | ||
| + | |start=24 September 2004 | ||
| + | |end=23 July 2011 | ||
| + | }}{{job | ||
| + | |title=Portugal/Minister of Social Infrastructure | ||
| + | |start=23 January 2002 | ||
| + | |end=6 April 2002 | ||
| + | }}{{job | ||
| + | |title=Portugal/Minister of the Environment | ||
| + | |start=25 October 1999 | ||
| + | |end=6 April 2002 | ||
| + | }}{{job | ||
| + | |title=Portugal/Deputy Minister of the Prime Minister | ||
| + | |start=25 November 1997 | ||
| + | |end=25 October 1999 | ||
| + | }}{{job | ||
| + | |title=Deputy Secretary of State of the Minister of the Environment | ||
| + | |start=28 October 1995 | ||
| + | |end=25 November 1997 | ||
}} | }} | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | '''José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa''', commonly known as '''José Sócrates''', is a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] politician who was the [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011. For the second half of 2007, he acted as the [[President of the European Council|President-in-Office of the Council of the European Union]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Sócrates grew up in the industrial city of [[Covilhã]]. He joined the centre-left [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist Party]] in 1981 and was elected Member of [[Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)|Parliament]] in [[1987 Portuguese legislative election|1987]]. Sócrates entered the government in 1995, as Secretary of State for Environment in the first cabinet of [[António Guterres]]. Two years later, he became Minister of Youth and Sports (where he helped to organize Portugal's successful bid to host [[UEFA Euro 2004]]) and in 1999 became Minister for Environment. Sócrates prominence rose during the governments of António Guterres to the point that when the Prime Minister resigned in 2001, he considered to appoint Sócrates as his successor.<ref>https://www.publico.pt/2013/11/10/jornal/antonio-guterres-admite-que-via-socrates-como-seu-sucessor-no-governo-27380971 </ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | In opposition, José Sócrates was elected leader of the Socialist Party in 2004 and led the party to its first absolute majority in the [[2005 Portuguese legislative election|2005 election]]. By then, Portugal was living an economic crisis, marked by stagnation and a difficult state of public finances. Like the preceding centre-right government, Sócrates implemented a policy of fiscal austerity and structural reforms.<ref>https://www.publico.pt/2005/06/09/politica/noticia/socialistas-procuram-digerir-medidas-de-austeridade-anunciadas-pelo-governo-1225357</ref><ref>http://www.lefigaro.fr/economie/2008/06/27/04001-20080627ARTFIG00357-budget-impots-retraite-la-lecon-d-austerite-du-portugal.php </ref> Among the most important reforms were the 2007 Social Security reform and the 2009 labour law reform.<ref>http://www.tvi24.iol.pt/portugal/europa/reforma-da-seguranca-social-aprovada-na-generalidade</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313376708</ref> His government also restructured the provision of public services, closing thousands of elementary schools<ref>https://www.dn.pt/portugal/interior/socrates-era-criminoso-nao-encerrar-escolas-1586489.html </ref> and dozens of health care facilities and maternity wards in rural areas and small cities.<ref>http://www.tvi24.iol.pt/sociedade/centro-de-saude/46-centros-de-saude-com-horarios-alterados </ref><ref>https://cabodostrabalhos.ces.uc.pt/pdf/17_Ana_Raquel_Matos.pdf </ref> Despite austerity, Sócrates's government intended to boost economic growth through government-sponsored investments, namely in transportation, technology and energy as well as in health and school infrastructure. The government launched several [[public-private partnership]]s to finance such projects. Internally, Sócrates was accused of having an authoritarian style and of trying to control media,<ref>https://www.publico.pt/2014/11/22/politica/noticia/jose-socrates-uma-carreira-cheia-de-suspeitas-1677178 </ref> while internationally he completed the negotiations of [[Lisbon Treaty]]<ref>https://www.publico.pt/2007/07/12/mundo/noticia/socrates-quer-lisboa-no-nome-do-tratado-europeu-1299208 </ref> and had close ties with leaders such as the Prime Minister of Spain [[José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero]]<ref>https://expresso.sapo.pt/actualidade/zapatero-e-o-meu-melhor-amigo-na-europa=f220631#gs.dI47y=M </ref> and the President of Venezuela [[Hugo Chavez]].<ref>https://www.jn.pt/mundo/interior/chavez-e-o-bom-amigo-socrates-2976493.html </ref> The first Sócrates government was initially able to reduce the budget deficit<ref>https://www.publico.pt/2008/03/26/economia/noticia/defice-ao-valor-mais-baixo-dos-ultimos-30-anos-1323730 </ref> and controlling public debt,<ref>https://www.pordata.pt/Portugal/Administra%C3%A7%C3%B5es+P%C3%BAblicas+d%C3%ADvida+bruta+em+percentagem+do+PIB-2786 </ref> but economic growth lagged.<ref>https://www.economist.com/europe/2007/04/12/a-new-sick-man-of-europe </ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | In 2008–09, with the [[Great Recession]] starting to hit Portugal and facing recession and high unemployment, austerity was waned as part of the [[2008 European Union stimulus plan|European economic stimulus plan]].<ref>https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/economia/financas-publicas/detalhe/2009-o-procedimento-que-ensombra-o-pais-ha-oito-anos </ref> Nevertheless, support for Sócrates and the Socialists eroded and the ruling party lost its majority in the [[2009 Portuguese legislative election|2009 election]].<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Portugal/Sovereign-debt-crisis</ref> The second government of José Sócrates faced a deterioration of the economic and financial state of the country, with skyrocketing deficit and growing debt. Austerity was resumed in 2010 while the country entered a [[2010–14 Portuguese financial crisis|hard financial crisis]] in the context of the [[European debt crisis]].<ref>https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/economia/detalhe/soacutecrates_daacute_primeira_entrevista_apoacutes_aprovaccedilatildeo_do_pacote_de_austeridade </ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | On 23 March 2011, Sócrates submitted his resignation to President [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]] after the Parliament rejected a new austerity package (the fourth in a year), leading to the [[2011 Portuguese legislative election|2011 snap election]]. Financial status of the country deteriorated and on 6 April Sócrates caretaker government requested a bail-out program which was conceded. The €78 billion [[Economic Adjustment Programme for Portugal|IMF/European Union bailout to Portugal]] thus started and would last until May 2014. Sócrates lost the snap election held on 5 June 2011 and resigned as Secretary-General of the [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist Party]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110928001427/http://www.dn.pt/inicio/portugal/interior.aspx?content_id=1870979 </ref> For most of his political career, Sócrates was associated to several corruption cases, notably Independente University and Freeport cases. | ||
| + | |||
==Criminal charges== | ==Criminal charges== | ||
| − | On 21 November 2014 he was arrested in Lisbon, accused of [[corruption]], [[tax evasion]] and [[money laundering]], becoming the first | + | On 21 November 2014 he was arrested in Lisbon, accused of [[corruption]], [[tax evasion]], and [[money laundering]], becoming the first former Prime Minister in the history of the country to be thus accused.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141129113307/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/portuguese-ex-pm-socrates/1487490.html</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30160193</ref><ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/portugals-former-prime-minister-is-questioned-in-corruption-probe-1416778255?mod=bbc_europe</ref> On 24 November Sócrates was remanded in custody on preliminary charges of corruption and tax fraud.<ref>http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/11/24/uk-portugal-corruption-socrates-idUKKCN0J828520141124</ref><ref>http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/former-portugal-pm-held-on-corruption-and-fraud-charges-1.2014147</ref> He was held in [[Évora]] prison until 4 September 2015 when he left the prison for a relative's house in Lisbon, where he remained under house arrest until 16 October 2015.<ref>http://www.tsf.pt/PaginaInicial/Portugal/Interior.aspx?content_id=4259172</ref><ref>http://www.euronews.com/2015/09/04/former-portugal-pm-socrates-leave-jail-for-house-arrest/</ref> That day, a judge released him from house arrest, allowing him to await the end of the investigation in freedom, although remaining forbidden of leaving the country and of contacting with other suspects of the case.<ref>https://expresso.sapo.pt/sociedade/2015-10-16-Socrates-libertado</ref><ref>http://www.tsf.pt/sociedade/justica/interior/jose-socrates-e-santos-silva-libertados-4838698.html</ref> The police investigation, known as ''Operation Marquis'' continued until his indictment in October 2017. In 2018, Sócrates abandoned the Socialist Party. |
{{SMWDocs}} | {{SMWDocs}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| − | {{ | + | |
| + | {{PageCredit | ||
| + | |site=Wikipedia | ||
| + | |date=31 March 2021 | ||
| + | |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S%C3%B3crates | ||
| + | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 23:29, 25 March 2022
 Jose Socrates    (politician) | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Born | José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa 6 September 1957 Alijó, Portugal | ||||||||||||||||||
| Nationality | Portuguese | ||||||||||||||||||
| Alma mater | Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Lusíada University, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, Independente University, University Institute of Lisbon | ||||||||||||||||||
| Children | José Miguel Eduardo | ||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | Sofia Costa Pinto Fava | ||||||||||||||||||
| Member of | Marshall Memorial Fellowship | ||||||||||||||||||
| Party | Social Democratic Party (Portugal), Socialist Party | ||||||||||||||||||
Portuguese PM responsible for austerity program after 2008
| |||||||||||||||||||
José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, commonly known as José Sócrates, is a Portuguese politician who was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011. For the second half of 2007, he acted as the President-in-Office of the Council of the European Union.
Sócrates grew up in the industrial city of Covilhã. He joined the centre-left Socialist Party in 1981 and was elected Member of Parliament in 1987. Sócrates entered the government in 1995, as Secretary of State for Environment in the first cabinet of António Guterres. Two years later, he became Minister of Youth and Sports (where he helped to organize Portugal's successful bid to host UEFA Euro 2004) and in 1999 became Minister for Environment. Sócrates prominence rose during the governments of António Guterres to the point that when the Prime Minister resigned in 2001, he considered to appoint Sócrates as his successor.[1]
In opposition, José Sócrates was elected leader of the Socialist Party in 2004 and led the party to its first absolute majority in the 2005 election. By then, Portugal was living an economic crisis, marked by stagnation and a difficult state of public finances. Like the preceding centre-right government, Sócrates implemented a policy of fiscal austerity and structural reforms.[2][3] Among the most important reforms were the 2007 Social Security reform and the 2009 labour law reform.[4][5] His government also restructured the provision of public services, closing thousands of elementary schools[6] and dozens of health care facilities and maternity wards in rural areas and small cities.[7][8] Despite austerity, Sócrates's government intended to boost economic growth through government-sponsored investments, namely in transportation, technology and energy as well as in health and school infrastructure. The government launched several public-private partnerships to finance such projects. Internally, Sócrates was accused of having an authoritarian style and of trying to control media,[9] while internationally he completed the negotiations of Lisbon Treaty[10] and had close ties with leaders such as the Prime Minister of Spain José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero[11] and the President of Venezuela Hugo Chavez.[12] The first Sócrates government was initially able to reduce the budget deficit[13] and controlling public debt,[14] but economic growth lagged.[15]
In 2008–09, with the Great Recession starting to hit Portugal and facing recession and high unemployment, austerity was waned as part of the European economic stimulus plan.[16] Nevertheless, support for Sócrates and the Socialists eroded and the ruling party lost its majority in the 2009 election.[17] The second government of José Sócrates faced a deterioration of the economic and financial state of the country, with skyrocketing deficit and growing debt. Austerity was resumed in 2010 while the country entered a hard financial crisis in the context of the European debt crisis.[18]
On 23 March 2011, Sócrates submitted his resignation to President Aníbal Cavaco Silva after the Parliament rejected a new austerity package (the fourth in a year), leading to the 2011 snap election. Financial status of the country deteriorated and on 6 April Sócrates caretaker government requested a bail-out program which was conceded. The €78 billion IMF/European Union bailout to Portugal thus started and would last until May 2014. Sócrates lost the snap election held on 5 June 2011 and resigned as Secretary-General of the Socialist Party.[19] For most of his political career, Sócrates was associated to several corruption cases, notably Independente University and Freeport cases.
Criminal charges
On 21 November 2014 he was arrested in Lisbon, accused of corruption, tax evasion, and money laundering, becoming the first former Prime Minister in the history of the country to be thus accused.[20][21][22] On 24 November Sócrates was remanded in custody on preliminary charges of corruption and tax fraud.[23][24] He was held in Évora prison until 4 September 2015 when he left the prison for a relative's house in Lisbon, where he remained under house arrest until 16 October 2015.[25][26] That day, a judge released him from house arrest, allowing him to await the end of the investigation in freedom, although remaining forbidden of leaving the country and of contacting with other suspects of the case.[27][28] The police investigation, known as Operation Marquis continued until his indictment in October 2017. In 2018, Sócrates abandoned the Socialist Party.
Event Participated in
| Event | Start | End | Location(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilderberg/2004 | 3 June 2004 | 6 June 2004 | Italy Stresa | The 52nd such meeting. 126 recorded guests |
References
- ↑ https://www.publico.pt/2013/11/10/jornal/antonio-guterres-admite-que-via-socrates-como-seu-sucessor-no-governo-27380971
- ↑ https://www.publico.pt/2005/06/09/politica/noticia/socialistas-procuram-digerir-medidas-de-austeridade-anunciadas-pelo-governo-1225357
- ↑ http://www.lefigaro.fr/economie/2008/06/27/04001-20080627ARTFIG00357-budget-impots-retraite-la-lecon-d-austerite-du-portugal.php
- ↑ http://www.tvi24.iol.pt/portugal/europa/reforma-da-seguranca-social-aprovada-na-generalidade
- ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313376708
- ↑ https://www.dn.pt/portugal/interior/socrates-era-criminoso-nao-encerrar-escolas-1586489.html
- ↑ http://www.tvi24.iol.pt/sociedade/centro-de-saude/46-centros-de-saude-com-horarios-alterados
- ↑ https://cabodostrabalhos.ces.uc.pt/pdf/17_Ana_Raquel_Matos.pdf
- ↑ https://www.publico.pt/2014/11/22/politica/noticia/jose-socrates-uma-carreira-cheia-de-suspeitas-1677178
- ↑ https://www.publico.pt/2007/07/12/mundo/noticia/socrates-quer-lisboa-no-nome-do-tratado-europeu-1299208
- ↑ https://expresso.sapo.pt/actualidade/zapatero-e-o-meu-melhor-amigo-na-europa=f220631#gs.dI47y=M
- ↑ https://www.jn.pt/mundo/interior/chavez-e-o-bom-amigo-socrates-2976493.html
- ↑ https://www.publico.pt/2008/03/26/economia/noticia/defice-ao-valor-mais-baixo-dos-ultimos-30-anos-1323730
- ↑ https://www.pordata.pt/Portugal/Administra%C3%A7%C3%B5es+P%C3%BAblicas+d%C3%ADvida+bruta+em+percentagem+do+PIB-2786
- ↑ https://www.economist.com/europe/2007/04/12/a-new-sick-man-of-europe
- ↑ https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/economia/financas-publicas/detalhe/2009-o-procedimento-que-ensombra-o-pais-ha-oito-anos
- ↑ https://www.britannica.com/place/Portugal/Sovereign-debt-crisis
- ↑ https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/economia/detalhe/soacutecrates_daacute_primeira_entrevista_apoacutes_aprovaccedilatildeo_do_pacote_de_austeridade
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110928001427/http://www.dn.pt/inicio/portugal/interior.aspx?content_id=1870979
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20141129113307/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/portuguese-ex-pm-socrates/1487490.html
- ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30160193
- ↑ https://www.wsj.com/articles/portugals-former-prime-minister-is-questioned-in-corruption-probe-1416778255?mod=bbc_europe
- ↑ http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/11/24/uk-portugal-corruption-socrates-idUKKCN0J828520141124
- ↑ http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/former-portugal-pm-held-on-corruption-and-fraud-charges-1.2014147
- ↑ http://www.tsf.pt/PaginaInicial/Portugal/Interior.aspx?content_id=4259172
- ↑ http://www.euronews.com/2015/09/04/former-portugal-pm-socrates-leave-jail-for-house-arrest/
- ↑ https://expresso.sapo.pt/sociedade/2015-10-16-Socrates-libertado
- ↑ http://www.tsf.pt/sociedade/justica/interior/jose-socrates-e-santos-silva-libertados-4838698.html
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