Difference between revisions of "Authenticity of Field Manual 30-31b"
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|wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Army_Field_Manual_30-31B | |wikipedia=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Army_Field_Manual_30-31B | ||
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| − | |description= | + | |image=PnvA6abXHiPtPEG7Xp-UCrPCE9w nM1ATfHNwlKVYALU8QyhgeiywJlcv25IsIakLV3FwS7LPawoCXzJvEb29huU0IvniN4aRKzmFNwLhgo.jpg |
| + | |description=An document that describes top secret [[counterinsurgency tactics]], but the U.S government has termed a [[Soviet forgery]]. | ||
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| + | '''Field Manual 30-31b''' is a U.S. document that describes top secret [[counterinsurgency tactics]]. In particular, it identifies a "[[strategy of tension]]" involving violent attacks which are then blamed on radical left-wing groups in order to convince allied governments of the need for counter-action. It also points out the need for heavy recruiting among the officer corps and security forces in the host country. The sensitive manual is, "owing to its specially sensitive nature, is not a standard issue in the FM series."<ref name=field/> | ||
| + | The authenticity of the document has been disputed by the US government, where the State Department officially termed a [[Soviet forgery]]. | ||
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| + | ==False flags== | ||
| + | {{FA|Field Manual 30-31b}} | ||
| + | The Field Manual includes plans for [[false flag attacks]]: | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{QB|There may be times when HC [Host Country] governments show passivity or indecision in the face of [[Communist]] or Communist-inspired subversion, and react with inadequate vigor to intelligence estimates transmitted by U.S. agencies. Such situations are particularly likely to arise when the insurgency seeks to achieve tactical advantage by temporarily refraining from violence, thus lulling HC authorities into a state of false security. In such cases, [[U.S. Army intelligence]] must have the means of launching special operations which will convince the HC governments and public opinion of the reality of the insurgent danger and of the necessity of counteraction.<ref name=field>https://wikispooks.com/wiki/Document:Secret_Warfare_-_Gladio</ref>}} | ||
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| + | Then FM 30-31B goes on to suggest that US agents infiltrate the enemy and carry out ‘violent actions’, presumably including [[terrorism]], in the name of the enemy. | ||
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| + | {{QB|To this end, U.S. Army intelligence should seek to penetrate the insurgency by means of agents on special assignment, with the task of forming special action groups among the more radical elements of the insurgency. When the kind of situation envisaged above arises, these groups, acting under [[U.S. Army intelligence]] control, should be used to | ||
| + | launch violent or non-violent actions according to the nature of the case . . . In cases where the infiltration of such agents into the insurgent leadership has not been effectively implemented, it may help towards the achievement of the above ends to utilize ultra-leftist organizations.<ref name=field/>}} | ||
==Official narrative== | ==Official narrative== | ||
| − | At a 1980 hearing of the House of Representatives [[Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence]], Subcommittee of Oversight, CIA officials testified that the document was a singularly effective forgery by the KGB and an example of Soviet covert action.<ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/ops/gladio.htm</ref> | + | At a [[1980]] hearing of the House of Representatives [[Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence]], Subcommittee of Oversight, CIA officials testified that the document was a singularly effective forgery by the KGB and an example of Soviet covert action.<ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/ops/gladio.htm</ref> |
| − | + | Both authors [[Peer Henrik Hansen]]<ref>Hansen, Peer Henrik (2006). [https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08850600500483715 "Upstairs and Downstairs"—The Forgotten CIA Operations in Copenhagen"]. International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence. 19 (4)</ref> and [[Thomas Rid]], at the [[Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies]], both specializing in Cold War intelligence, | |
<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=lWltDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT275</ref> and the [[U.S. State Department]] claim the document is a forgery by Soviet intelligence services.<ref name="WP">https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/01/17/house-intelligence-committee-begins-inquiry-into-allegations-of-forgeries/9d07b45b-e1c8-4d72-ab8b-34e7ddb3683</ref><ref name="HR2">U.S. House. Hearings Before the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. ''Soviet Active Measures''. 97th Congress, 2nd session. July 13, 14, 1982.</ref><ref name="HR1">U.S. House. Hearings Before the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. ''Soviet Covert Action (The Forgery Offense)''. 96th Congress, 2nd session. February 6, 19, 1980.</ref> | <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=lWltDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT275</ref> and the [[U.S. State Department]] claim the document is a forgery by Soviet intelligence services.<ref name="WP">https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/01/17/house-intelligence-committee-begins-inquiry-into-allegations-of-forgeries/9d07b45b-e1c8-4d72-ab8b-34e7ddb3683</ref><ref name="HR2">U.S. House. Hearings Before the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. ''Soviet Active Measures''. 97th Congress, 2nd session. July 13, 14, 1982.</ref><ref name="HR1">U.S. House. Hearings Before the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. ''Soviet Covert Action (The Forgery Offense)''. 96th Congress, 2nd session. February 6, 19, 1980.</ref> | ||
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| + | On 20 January [[2006]] the State Department of [[Condoleezza Rice]] rejected the claim that the stay-behind networks were linked to [[terrorism]] in Europe. The State Department issued a statement on the [[internet]] in which it wrongly claimed that these claims were based only on the US Field Manual FM 30-31B, which instructs US agents to carry out [[false flag terrorism]] but which the State Department termed a [[Soviet forgery]]. It is a "false notion that West European ‘‘stay-behind’’ networks engaged in terrorism, allegedly at US instigation" the State Department insisted. "This is not true, and those researching the ‘‘stay behind’’ networks need to be more discriminating in evaluating the trustworthiness of their source material".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080328042037/http://usinfo.state.gov/media/Archive/2006/Jan/20-127177.html</ref> | ||
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| + | ==Daniele Ganser== | ||
| + | [[Daniele Ganser]] used the Field Manual for his book on [[Document:Secret Warfare - Gladio|Gladio]]. In response to the U.S. official denials, he pointed out that: | ||
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| + | In the [[1980s]] FM 30-31B was presented as a genuine US document to the Italian public by the Italian Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry into the US-linked secret Masonic Lodge [[Propaganda Due]] (P2), headed by [[Licio Gelli]]. Gelli declared, ‘The [[CIA]] gave it to me’. FM 30-31B is dated 18 March [[1970]], Headquarters of the US Army, Washington DC, and signed by General Westmoreland. [[William Westmoreland]] commanded American military operations in the [[Vietnam War]] from [[1964]] to [[1968]] and thereafter served as [[US Army Chief of Staff]] from [[1968]] to [[1972]]. He died in the summer of [[2005]] and is no longer available to testify whether Annex B is a Soviet forgery as[[ the State Department]] claims, or whether it is a genuine US document which he signed. Documentary film-maker [[Allan Francovich]] asked [[Ray Cline]], CIA Deputy Director from [[1962]] to [[1966]], whether FM 30-31B was an authentic document or a [[Soviet forgery]], and the latter responded on the [[BBC]]: ‘Well, I suspect it is an authentic document. I don’t doubt it. I never saw it but it’s the kind of special forces military operations that are described. On the other hand you gotta recall, that the defence department and the President don’t initiate any of those orders, until there is an appropriate occasion’.<ref>https://wikispooks.com/w/images/5/53/The_CIA_in_Western_Europe_and_the_Abuse_of_Human_Rights.pdf For further sources, see this document</ref> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
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Revision as of 12:46, 19 November 2022
 Authenticity of Field Manual 30-31b    | |
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| An document that describes top secret counterinsurgency tactics, but the U.S government has termed a Soviet forgery. |
Field Manual 30-31b is a U.S. document that describes top secret counterinsurgency tactics. In particular, it identifies a "strategy of tension" involving violent attacks which are then blamed on radical left-wing groups in order to convince allied governments of the need for counter-action. It also points out the need for heavy recruiting among the officer corps and security forces in the host country. The sensitive manual is, "owing to its specially sensitive nature, is not a standard issue in the FM series."[1]
The authenticity of the document has been disputed by the US government, where the State Department officially termed a Soviet forgery.
False flags
- Full article: Field Manual 30-31b
- Full article: Field Manual 30-31b
The Field Manual includes plans for false flag attacks:
There may be times when HC [Host Country] governments show passivity or indecision in the face of Communist or Communist-inspired subversion, and react with inadequate vigor to intelligence estimates transmitted by U.S. agencies. Such situations are particularly likely to arise when the insurgency seeks to achieve tactical advantage by temporarily refraining from violence, thus lulling HC authorities into a state of false security. In such cases, U.S. Army intelligence must have the means of launching special operations which will convince the HC governments and public opinion of the reality of the insurgent danger and of the necessity of counteraction.[1]
Then FM 30-31B goes on to suggest that US agents infiltrate the enemy and carry out ‘violent actions’, presumably including terrorism, in the name of the enemy.
To this end, U.S. Army intelligence should seek to penetrate the insurgency by means of agents on special assignment, with the task of forming special action groups among the more radical elements of the insurgency. When the kind of situation envisaged above arises, these groups, acting under U.S. Army intelligence control, should be used to launch violent or non-violent actions according to the nature of the case . . . In cases where the infiltration of such agents into the insurgent leadership has not been effectively implemented, it may help towards the achievement of the above ends to utilize ultra-leftist organizations.[1]
Official narrative
At a 1980 hearing of the House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Subcommittee of Oversight, CIA officials testified that the document was a singularly effective forgery by the KGB and an example of Soviet covert action.[2]
Both authors Peer Henrik Hansen[3] and Thomas Rid, at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, both specializing in Cold War intelligence, [4] and the U.S. State Department claim the document is a forgery by Soviet intelligence services.[5][6][7]
On 20 January 2006 the State Department of Condoleezza Rice rejected the claim that the stay-behind networks were linked to terrorism in Europe. The State Department issued a statement on the internet in which it wrongly claimed that these claims were based only on the US Field Manual FM 30-31B, which instructs US agents to carry out false flag terrorism but which the State Department termed a Soviet forgery. It is a "false notion that West European ‘‘stay-behind’’ networks engaged in terrorism, allegedly at US instigation" the State Department insisted. "This is not true, and those researching the ‘‘stay behind’’ networks need to be more discriminating in evaluating the trustworthiness of their source material".[8]
Daniele Ganser
Daniele Ganser used the Field Manual for his book on Gladio. In response to the U.S. official denials, he pointed out that:
In the 1980s FM 30-31B was presented as a genuine US document to the Italian public by the Italian Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry into the US-linked secret Masonic Lodge Propaganda Due (P2), headed by Licio Gelli. Gelli declared, ‘The CIA gave it to me’. FM 30-31B is dated 18 March 1970, Headquarters of the US Army, Washington DC, and signed by General Westmoreland. William Westmoreland commanded American military operations in the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1968 and thereafter served as US Army Chief of Staff from 1968 to 1972. He died in the summer of 2005 and is no longer available to testify whether Annex B is a Soviet forgery asthe State Department claims, or whether it is a genuine US document which he signed. Documentary film-maker Allan Francovich asked Ray Cline, CIA Deputy Director from 1962 to 1966, whether FM 30-31B was an authentic document or a Soviet forgery, and the latter responded on the BBC: ‘Well, I suspect it is an authentic document. I don’t doubt it. I never saw it but it’s the kind of special forces military operations that are described. On the other hand you gotta recall, that the defence department and the President don’t initiate any of those orders, until there is an appropriate occasion’.[9]
References
- ↑ a b c https://wikispooks.com/wiki/Document:Secret_Warfare_-_Gladio
- ↑ http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/ops/gladio.htm
- ↑ Hansen, Peer Henrik (2006). "Upstairs and Downstairs"—The Forgotten CIA Operations in Copenhagen". International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence. 19 (4)
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=lWltDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT275
- ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1979/01/17/house-intelligence-committee-begins-inquiry-into-allegations-of-forgeries/9d07b45b-e1c8-4d72-ab8b-34e7ddb3683
- ↑ U.S. House. Hearings Before the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Soviet Active Measures. 97th Congress, 2nd session. July 13, 14, 1982.
- ↑ U.S. House. Hearings Before the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Soviet Covert Action (The Forgery Offense). 96th Congress, 2nd session. February 6, 19, 1980.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080328042037/http://usinfo.state.gov/media/Archive/2006/Jan/20-127177.html
- ↑ https://wikispooks.com/w/images/5/53/The_CIA_in_Western_Europe_and_the_Abuse_of_Human_Rights.pdf For further sources, see this document
