Difference between revisions of "Energy Charter Treaty"
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[[Russia]] and [[Australia]] provisionally applied the [[ECT]], but indicated the end of the provisional application period in 2009 and 2021 respectively. As of October 2022, [[Spain]], the [[Netherlands]] and [[Poland]] intend to withdraw from the [[ECT]] and [[Germany]], [[France]] and [[Belgium]] are "examining their options". On 21 October 2022, [[France]] announced it will leave the treaty, citing a desire to accelerate nuclear and renewable energy use before fossil fuels.<ref>''[https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-tries-to-stop-energy-treaty-exit-stampede/ "EU tries to stop energy treaty exit stampede"]''</ref> And on 14 November 2022, [[Germany]] announced its intention to withdraw in order to better tackle [[climate change]]. [[Slovenia]] had earlier stated its intention to withdraw.<ref>''[https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/germany-leave-energy-charter-treaty-effort-better-tackle-climate-change "Germany to leave Energy Charter Treaty in effort to better tackle climate change"]''</ref> [[Italy]] withdrew from the [[ECT]] in 2016.<ref>''[https://www.energycharter.org/who-we-are/members-observers/countries/italy/ "ECT withdrawal by Italy"]''</ref> | [[Russia]] and [[Australia]] provisionally applied the [[ECT]], but indicated the end of the provisional application period in 2009 and 2021 respectively. As of October 2022, [[Spain]], the [[Netherlands]] and [[Poland]] intend to withdraw from the [[ECT]] and [[Germany]], [[France]] and [[Belgium]] are "examining their options". On 21 October 2022, [[France]] announced it will leave the treaty, citing a desire to accelerate nuclear and renewable energy use before fossil fuels.<ref>''[https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-tries-to-stop-energy-treaty-exit-stampede/ "EU tries to stop energy treaty exit stampede"]''</ref> And on 14 November 2022, [[Germany]] announced its intention to withdraw in order to better tackle [[climate change]]. [[Slovenia]] had earlier stated its intention to withdraw.<ref>''[https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/germany-leave-energy-charter-treaty-effort-better-tackle-climate-change "Germany to leave Energy Charter Treaty in effort to better tackle climate change"]''</ref> [[Italy]] withdrew from the [[ECT]] in 2016.<ref>''[https://www.energycharter.org/who-we-are/members-observers/countries/italy/ "ECT withdrawal by Italy"]''</ref> | ||
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| + | ==Exit ECT== | ||
| + | On 18 November 2022, [[CAN Europe]] tweeted:{{QB|BREAKING NEWS: [[Luxembourg]] is the 8th country to announce its withdrawal from the #EnergyCharterTreaty! | ||
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| + | It's a domino effect: more & more states are leaving & the climate-damaging treaty is imploding! | ||
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| + | The [[EU]] needs to finally #ExitECT<ref>''[https://twitter.com/CANEurope/status/1593561038548606981 "Luxembourg is the 8th country to announce its withdrawal from the Energy Charter Treaty"]''</ref>}} | ||
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Revision as of 17:55, 18 November 2022
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| Date | 17 December 1991 - Present |
|---|---|
| Website | www.energychartertreaty.org |
| Interest of | William Sargant |
The Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) is an international agreement that establishes a multilateral framework for cross-border cooperation in the energy industry, principally the fossil fuel industry. The ECT covers all aspects of commercial energy activities including trade, transit, investments and energy efficiency.
The Energy Charter Treaty was developed on the basis of a political declaration, the 1991 European Energy Charter signed at The Hague on 17 December 1991,[1] but while this declaration signalled the political intent to strengthen international energy ties, the ECT is a legally binding multilateral agreement. It is the only agreement of its kind dealing with inter-governmental cooperation in the energy sector, covering the whole energy value chain (from exploration to end-use) and all energy products and energy-related equipment.
The ECT was signed in Lisbon in December 1994, together with a "protocol on energy efficiency and related environmental aspects" (PEEREA). Both the ECT and PEEREA came into effect in April 1998.[2]
Contents
International Energy Charter
The International Energy Charter is a non-binding political declaration underpinning key principles for international energy cooperation. The IEC declaration attempts to reflect the changes in the energy world that have emerged since the development of the original ECT in the early 1990s. The International Energy Charter was signed on 20 May 2015, by 72 countries plus the EU, Euratom and ECOWAS, at a Ministerial conference hosted by the government of the Netherlands.[3]
ECT membership
Member countries and Regional Economic Integration Organisations are party to the ECT through ratification or accession. Membership also includes signatories which provisionally apply the treaty pending entry into force. Such provisional application applies automatically after signature, unless it is inconsistent with the domestic law of the country concerned. As October 2022, the ECT has 53 contracting parties, while it is provisionally applied by two countries. All Members have ratified the ECT except for Australia, Belarus, Norway, and the Russian Federation. Belarus has however accepted provisional application of the treaty.
Contracting parties
Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus°, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, European Union and Euratom, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, The Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway°, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Türkiye, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Yemen
° did not ratify the ECT
Announced withdrawals
Russia and Australia provisionally applied the ECT, but indicated the end of the provisional application period in 2009 and 2021 respectively. As of October 2022, Spain, the Netherlands and Poland intend to withdraw from the ECT and Germany, France and Belgium are "examining their options". On 21 October 2022, France announced it will leave the treaty, citing a desire to accelerate nuclear and renewable energy use before fossil fuels.[4] And on 14 November 2022, Germany announced its intention to withdraw in order to better tackle climate change. Slovenia had earlier stated its intention to withdraw.[5] Italy withdrew from the ECT in 2016.[6]
Exit ECT
On 18 November 2022, CAN Europe tweeted:
BREAKING NEWS: Luxembourg is the 8th country to announce its withdrawal from the #EnergyCharterTreaty!
It's a domino effect: more & more states are leaving & the climate-damaging treaty is imploding!
Related Document
| Title | Type | Publication date | Author(s) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Document:The dirty secret Europe is hiding at the COP27 climate summit | Article | 16 November 2022 | Jonathan Cook | Grand declarations at COP27 on tackling the climate emergency are sabotaged by the Energy Charter Treaty from the 1990s that sees European nations held to ransom by the energy companies |
References
- ↑ "To Help Soviets Tap Vast Resources : 36 Nations Agree on Energy Charter"
- ↑ "The Energy Charter Treaty"
- ↑ "72 Countries plus the EU, Euratom and ECOWAS Adopt the International Energy Charter"
- ↑ "EU tries to stop energy treaty exit stampede"
- ↑ "Germany to leave Energy Charter Treaty in effort to better tackle climate change"
- ↑ "ECT withdrawal by Italy"
- ↑ "Luxembourg is the 8th country to announce its withdrawal from the Energy Charter Treaty"
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