James Q. Wilson

James Q. Wilson    (academic, neoconservative)
Born	1931-05-27 Denver, Colorado
Died	2012-03-02 (Age 80) Boston, Massachusetts
Nationality	American
Alma mater	University of Redlands, University of Chicago
Member of	American Enterprise Institute, RAND/Notable Participants
Interests	• Political science • war on drugs
Provided guidance on how best to coordinate the national war on drugs.

Not to be confused with James Wilson, a lawyer at the Institute for Statecraft.

James Quinn Wilson (May 27, 1931 – March 2, 2012) was an American conservative academic, political scientist, and an authority on public administration. Most of his career was spent as a professor at UCLA and Harvard University.

In 1972, President Nixon appointed him chairman of the National Advisory Council for Drug Abuse Prevention. Created by Congress, the Council was charged with providing guidance on how best to coordinate the national war on drugs.

He was the chairman of the Council of Academic Advisors of the American Enterprise Institute, member of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (1985–1990), and the President's Council on Bioethics. He was Director of Joint Center for Urban Studies at Harvard-MIT.

He gained national attention for a 1982 article introducing the broken windows theory in The Atlantic. In 2003, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by US President George W. Bush.

Career

He completed his B.A. at the University of Redlands in 1952, and he was its national collegiate debate champion in 1951 and 1952. He completed an M.A. (1957) and a Ph.D. (1959) in political science at the University of Chicago. From 1961 to 1987, he was the Shattuck Professor of Government at Harvard University.

His 1975 book Thinking About Crime put forward a novel theory of incapacitation as the most effective explanation for the reduction in crime rates observed where longer prison sentences were the norm. Criminals might not be deterred by the threat of longer sentences, but repeat offenders would be prevented from further offending, simply because they would be in jail rather than out on the street.

Wilson and George L. Kelling introduced the broken windows theory in the March 1982 edition of The Atlantic Monthly. In an article titled "Broken Windows", they argued that the symptoms of low-level crime and disorder (e.g. a broken window) create an environment that encourages more crimes, including serious ones.

Wilson was a former chairman of the White House Task Force on Crime (1966), of the National Advisory Commission on Drug Abuse Prevention (1972–1973) and a member of the Attorney General's Task Force on Violent Crime (1981), the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (1985–1990), and the President's Council on Bioethics. He was a former president of the American Political Science Association. He served on the board of directors for the New England Electric System (now National Grid USA), Protection One, RAND, and State Farm Mutual Insurance.

From 1987 to 1997, he was the James Collins Professor of Management and Public Policy at the UCLA Anderson School of Management at UCLA. From 1998 to 2009, he was the Ronald Reagan Professor of Public Policy at Pepperdine University's School of Public Policy.

He was the chairman of the Council of Academic Advisors of the American Enterprise Institute. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the International Council of the New York-based Human Rights Foundation.

Political views

Although as a young professor he "voted for John Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson and Hubert Humphrey and worked in the last's presidential campaign," Wilson was later recognized as a leading conservative scholar, as indicated by his advisory position to the American Enterprise Institute.

Wilson was a staunch advocate for perseverance in the War on Drugs:

Even now, when the dangers of drug use are well understood, many educated people still discuss the drug problem in almost every way except the right way. They talk about the "costs" of drug use and the "socioeconomic factors" that shape that use. They rarely speak plainly—drug use is wrong because it's immoral and it is immoral because it enslaves the mind and destroys the soul.

Wilson also pioneered the idea that public administration was increasingly replete with political calculations and concerns:

This is because our constitutional structure and our traditions afford individuals manifold opportunities not only to bring their special interests to the attention of public officials but also — and this the important thing — to compel officials to bargain and to make compromises. The nature of the governmental system gives private interests such good opportunities to participate in the making of public decisions that there is virtually no sphere of 'administration' apart from politics.

Wilson studied conflict between "amateur" and "professional" participants in politics, especially in the Democratic Party in the 1960s. He argued that professional politicians, parties, political machines and informal power structures were essential to the functioning of the government and its formal power structures. In 1962, he wrote that "If legal power is badly fragmented among many independent elective officials and widely decentralized among many levels of government, the need for informal methods of assembling power becomes great."

Affiliations

• White House Task Force on Crime - Chairman, 1966
• National Advisory Commission on Drug Abuse Prevention - Chairman, 1972-1973
• Consortium for the Study of Intelligence - Founder Member, 1979
• Attorney General's Task Force on Violent Crime - 1981
• President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board - 1985-91
• Police Foundation - 1971-92
• American Enterprise Institute - Chairman Council of Academic advisers
• State Farm Mutual Insurance Company, Former Board Member
• Protection One Former Board Member
• RAND Corporation - Trustee
• American Enterprise Institute - Board of Trustees
• America Abroad Media - Advisory Board

Publications

• A Life in the Public Interest, Wall Street Journal, 21 September 2009.

 

Events Participated in

Event	Start	End	Location(s)	Description
Colloquium on Counterintelligence	24 April 1980	26 April 1980		Spooky 1980 Washington conference
The Collapse of Europe Conference	10 June 2007	11 June 2007	US California Malibu Pepperdine University	An openly Islamophobic conference in California, that may have been designed to promote Islamophobia in Europe as part of the "War On Terror".

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