Difference between revisions of "1802"
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{{year | {{year | ||
| − | |image= | + | |image=Toussaint Louverture - Girardin.jpg |
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| − | |image_caption= | + | |image_caption=Haitian leader [[Toussaint Louverture]] is tricked and captured by the French |
}} | }} | ||
| + | == Events == | ||
| + | * January 29 – A French [[Saint-Domingue expedition|expeditionary force]] (40,000 troops) led by General [[Charles Leclerc (general, born 1772)|Charles Leclerc]] (Bonaparte's brother-in-law) lands in [[Saint-Domingue]], (modern [[Haiti]]) to restore colonial rule, where [[Toussaint Louverture]] (a black former [[Slavery|slave]]) has proclaimed himself [[President for Life|Governor-General for Life]], and established control over [[Hispaniola]]. | ||
| + | * March 25–27 – The [[French Revolutionary Wars]] ends with the [[Treaty of Amiens]] between France and the United Kingdom ends the [[War of the Second Coalition]]. | ||
| + | * April 21 - About 12,000 Wahhabi Sunnis under the command of [[Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad]], the second ruler of the First Saudi State attack and [[Wahhabi sack of Karbala|sack Karbala]], kill between 2,000 and 5,000 inhabitants and plunder the tomb of [[Husayn ibn Ali]], grandson of [[Prophet Muhammad]] and son of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]]. | ||
| + | * April 26 – A general amnesty signed by [[Napoleon]] allows all but about 1,000 of the most notorious [[émigré]]s of the [[French Revolution]] to return to France as part of a conciliatory gesture to make peace with the various factions of the ''[[Ancien Régime]]'' that ultimately consolidates his own rule. | ||
| + | * May 19 – Napoleon establishes the French [[Legion of Honour]] (''Légion d'honneur''). | ||
| + | * May 20 – By the [[Law of 20 May 1802]], [[Napoleon]] reinstates slavery in the [[French colonies]], revoking its abolition in the [[French Revolution]]. | ||
| + | * June 8 – Haitian revolutionary [[Toussaint Louverture]] is seized by French troops and imprisoned at the [[Fort de Joux]]. | ||
| + | * July 19 – [[Éleuthère Irénée du Pont]] founds E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, the modern [[DuPont]] chemical company, as a [[gunpowder]] manufactory near [[Wilmington, Delaware]].<ref>"E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company", by Richard Junger, in ''The Advertising Age Encyclopedia of Advertising'' (Routledge, 2015) p500</ref> | ||
| + | * July 22 – [[Gia Long]] captures [[Hanoi]], completing his unification of [[Vietnam]]. | ||
| + | * August 2 – In a [[Referendum|plebiscite]], [[Napoleon]] Bonaparte is confirmed as the [[First Consul]] of France. | ||
| + | * October 16 – The port of [[New Orleans]] and the lower [[Mississippi River]] are closed to American traffic by order of the city's Spanish administrator, Juan Ventura Morales, threatening the economy in the western United States, and prompting the need for the [[Louisiana Purchase]].<ref>"Mississippi River", by Gene A. Smith, in ''The Louisiana Purchase: A Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia'', Junius P. Rodriguez, ed. (ABC-CLIO, 2002) p226</ref> | ||
| + | * November 16 – The newly elected British House of Lords is inaugurated by King George III, who tells the members, "In my intercourse with foreign powers, I have been actuated by a sincere disposition of the maintenance of peace," but adds that "My conduct will be invariably regulated by a due consideration of the actual situation of Europe, and by a watchful solicitude for the permanent welfare of my people."<ref>William Belsham, ''History of Great Britain: From the Revolution, 1688, to the Conclusion of the Treaty of Amiens, 1802'', Volume 12 (Phillips, 1805) p485</ref> | ||
| + | * December 2 – The [[Health and Morals of Apprentices Act 1802|Health and Morals of Apprentices Act]] in the United Kingdom comes into effect, regulating conditions for [[child labour]] in factories. Although poorly enforced, it pioneers a series of [[Factory Acts]]. | ||
{{SMWDocs}} | {{SMWDocs}} | ||
| − | {{ | + | ==References== |
| + | {{Reflist}} | ||
Latest revision as of 23:27, 2 March 2021
 ( 1800s: )  1802    | |
|---|---|
 Haitian leader Toussaint Louverture is tricked and captured by the French |
Events
- January 29 – A French expeditionary force (40,000 troops) led by General Charles Leclerc (Bonaparte's brother-in-law) lands in Saint-Domingue, (modern Haiti) to restore colonial rule, where Toussaint Louverture (a black former slave) has proclaimed himself Governor-General for Life, and established control over Hispaniola.
- March 25–27 – The French Revolutionary Wars ends with the Treaty of Amiens between France and the United Kingdom ends the War of the Second Coalition.
- April 21 - About 12,000 Wahhabi Sunnis under the command of Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad, the second ruler of the First Saudi State attack and sack Karbala, kill between 2,000 and 5,000 inhabitants and plunder the tomb of Husayn ibn Ali, grandson of Prophet Muhammad and son of Ali ibn Abi Talib.
- April 26 – A general amnesty signed by Napoleon allows all but about 1,000 of the most notorious émigrés of the French Revolution to return to France as part of a conciliatory gesture to make peace with the various factions of the Ancien Régime that ultimately consolidates his own rule.
- May 19 – Napoleon establishes the French Legion of Honour (Légion d'honneur).
- May 20 – By the Law of 20 May 1802, Napoleon reinstates slavery in the French colonies, revoking its abolition in the French Revolution.
- June 8 – Haitian revolutionary Toussaint Louverture is seized by French troops and imprisoned at the Fort de Joux.
- July 19 – Éleuthère Irénée du Pont founds E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, the modern DuPont chemical company, as a gunpowder manufactory near Wilmington, Delaware.[1]
- July 22 – Gia Long captures Hanoi, completing his unification of Vietnam.
- August 2 – In a plebiscite, Napoleon Bonaparte is confirmed as the First Consul of France.
- October 16 – The port of New Orleans and the lower Mississippi River are closed to American traffic by order of the city's Spanish administrator, Juan Ventura Morales, threatening the economy in the western United States, and prompting the need for the Louisiana Purchase.[2]
- November 16 – The newly elected British House of Lords is inaugurated by King George III, who tells the members, "In my intercourse with foreign powers, I have been actuated by a sincere disposition of the maintenance of peace," but adds that "My conduct will be invariably regulated by a due consideration of the actual situation of Europe, and by a watchful solicitude for the permanent welfare of my people."[3]
- December 2 – The Health and Morals of Apprentices Act in the United Kingdom comes into effect, regulating conditions for child labour in factories. Although poorly enforced, it pioneers a series of Factory Acts.
New Groups
| Group | Image | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| DuPont |  | Big chemical company. Supplied large amounts of explosives to many US wars. Lots of chemical products and artificial fibers. Since the 1990s, focusing heavily on genetic manipulation. | |
| United States Military Academy |  | U.S. Service Academy | |
| East Greenwich Academy |  | Boarding school in Rhode Island that closed in 1943. | |
| Ampleforth College |  | Military ranks Catholic | UK establishment day and boarding school with decades of sexual abuse and cover ups. |
| Saint-Cyr |  | The French Army's officer training establishment |
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References
- ↑ "E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company", by Richard Junger, in The Advertising Age Encyclopedia of Advertising (Routledge, 2015) p500
- ↑ "Mississippi River", by Gene A. Smith, in The Louisiana Purchase: A Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia, Junius P. Rodriguez, ed. (ABC-CLIO, 2002) p226
- ↑ William Belsham, History of Great Britain: From the Revolution, 1688, to the Conclusion of the Treaty of Amiens, 1802, Volume 12 (Phillips, 1805) p485
